THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEARING AND ATTENTION IN HEARING IMPAIRED INDIVIDUALS WITH ADHD COMORBIDITY AND THE EFFECT OF HEARING AIDS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTENTION: A COMPILATION OF RESEARCH

Merve Gülçin Tutlu; Mehmet Ertan Başgül; Canahmet Boz; Kübra Çinkılıç

EN TR

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEARING AND ATTENTION IN HEARING IMPAIRED INDIVIDUALS WITH ADHD COMORBIDITY AND THE EFFECT OF HEARING AIDS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTENTION: A COMPILATION OF RESEARCH

Öz

Hearing is a decisive sense in children's physical, psychological, social, academic, and especially language development. if early and appropriate intervention is not received, children with hearing loss may have retardation in the aforementioned areas. Receiving cochlear implants in children with hearing loss at the earliest possible age allows the child to progress in parallel with their peers in developmental areas. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, which progresses with psychosocial and academic deficiencies and is diagnosed with psychiatric assessment, frequently comorbid hearing-impaired children. Comorbid ADHD in a hearing-impaired child causes a significant deficiency in the development. Therefore, early detection and screening of both hearing loss and comorbid ADHD, and necessary interventions and treatment have critical importance. In this review, the effects of early intervention for hearing impairment and cochlear implant use on the child's attention functions and the progress of possible attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder are summarized in the light of literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

DEHB KOMORBİDİTESİ OLAN İŞİTME ENGELLİLERDE İŞİTME VE DİKKAT İLİŞKİSİ VE İŞİTME CİHAZLARININ DİKKAT GELİŞİMİNE ETKİSİ: BİR ARAŞTIRMA DERLEMESİ

Öz

İşitme, çocukların fiziksel, psikolojik, sosyal, akademik ve özellikle dil gelişimlerinde belirleyici bir duyudur. İşitme kaybı olan çocuklarda, erken ve uygun müdahale yapılmadığında bahsi geçen alanlarda gerilikler olabilir. İşitme kaybı olan çocukların mümkün en erken yaşta koklear implant kullanılması, çocuğun birçok alanda yaşıtlarıyla paralel ilerlemesini sağlar. Psikososyal ve akademik alanlarda yetersizliklerle seyreden ve psikiyatrik değerlendirme ile tanı konulan Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu, işitme engelli çocuklara sıklıkla eşlik etmektedir. İşitme engelli bir bireyde eş tanı DEHB olması, çocuğun genel gelişiminin belirgin olarak aksamasına neden olur. Bu nedenle hem işitme kaybının hem de eşlik eden DEHB’nin erken fark edilmesi, gerekli müdahalelerin ve tedavinin yapılması gerekir. Bu derlemede, işitme engeline erken müdahalenin ve koklear implant kullanımının çocuğun dikkat işlevlerine ve olası dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğunun seyrine etkisi literatür bilgilerinden derlenerek özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

Akbarzadeh, S., Lee, S., & Tan, C.-T. (2020). The Implication of Sound Level on Spatial Selective Auditory Attention for Cochlear Implant Users: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Measurement. INTERSPEECH, 2497–2501.
Akçakaya, H. (2015). Erken yaşta koklear implant uygulanan çocuklarda sözel çalışma belleği ve dil ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
Akçamete, G. (2003). İşitme yetersizliği olan çocuklar, özel gereksinimli çocuklar ve özel eğitime giriş. Gündüz Eğitim Yayıncılık, Ankara.
Akmeşe, P. P. (2015). Çocuklarda öykülemenin gelişimi ve dilin değerlendirilmesinde kullanımı. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 16(03), 293–305.
Akmeşe, P. P. & Küçük, D. S. (2022). İşitme Kayıplı Çocuklarda Erken Okuryazarlık Becerileri. Türk Odyoloji ve İşitme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 18-23.
Akmeşe, P. P., Kol, G., Kirazlı, G., Suner, A., & Öğüt, F. (2020). İşitme kayıplı ve normal işiten okul öncesi dönem çocukların erken matematiksel akıl yürütme becerilerinin karşılaştırılması. Erken Çocukluk Çalışmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 197-221.
Aksan, D. (1980). Her yönüyle dil:(Ana çizgileriyle dilbilim) II. Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları.
Alvarez, J. A., & Emory, E. (2006). Executive function and the frontal lobes: a meta-analytic review. Neuropsychology Review, 16(1), 17–42.

Ashman, A. F., & Elkins, J. (2002). Educating children with diverse abilities.
Aykut, N. C., & Çinar, M. (2018). Erken çocuklukta işitme cihazı uygulamaları ve ebeveynler. Erken Çocukluk Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 414–427.
Bailey, C. E. (2007). Cognitive accuracy and intelligent executive function in the brain and in business. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1118(1), 122–141.
Barkley, R. A. (1997). Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychological Bulletin, 121(1), 65.
Barkley, R. A., Karlsson, J., & Pollard, S. (1985). Effects of age on the mother-child interactions of ADD-H and normal boys. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 13(4), 631–637.
Baş, E. İ. (2008). Vestibüler uyarılmış Miyojenik Potansiyellerin Standardizasyonu. (Doctoral Dissertation, Marmara Universitesi (Turkey).
Baş, Ö. (2008). İşitme Kaybı Ve Dikkat Eksikliği Olan Disleksili Bir Çocuğa Çoklu Duyusal Yaklaşımla Okuma Öğretimi Hakkında Durum Çalışması. Cagdas Egitim Dergisi, (351).
Blair, C. (2016). The development of executive functions and self-regulation: A bidirectional psychobiological model. Handbook of Self-Regulation: Research, Theory, and Applications, 417–439.
Blair, C. (2017). Educating executive function. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 8(1–2), e1403.
Blazer, D. G., & Tucci, D. L. (2019). Hearing loss and psychiatric disorders: a review. Psychological Medicine, 49(6), 891–897.
Bloom, L., & Lahey, M. (1978). Language development and language disorders.
Boons, T., Brokx, J. P. L., Dhooge, I., Frijns, J. H. M., Peeraer, L., Vermeulen, A., Wouters, J., & van Wieringen, A. (2012). Predictors of spoken language development following pediatric cochlear implantation. Ear and Hearing, 33(5), 617–639.
Bozkurt, H. K. (2019). Erişkin Koklear İmplant Kullanıcılarında Duyu, İstemli Motor ve Fonksiyonel Limitasyonların Değerlendirilmesi.
Broadbent, D. E. (2013). Perception and communication. Elsevier.
Can, E., Kuruoğlu, G., & Kırkım, G. (2016). 2-4 Yaş Grubu Koklear İmplant Kullanan İşitme Kayıplı Türk Çocukların Alıcı ve İfade Edici Dil Becerilerinin Gelişimi. Journal of Faculty of Letters/Edebiyat Fakultesi Dergisi, 33(2).
Carlson, N. R. (2013). Foundations of behavioral neuroscience. Pearson Education.
Castellanos, F. X., & Tannock, R. (2002). Neuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the search for endophenotypes. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3(8), 617–628.
Chute, P. M., & Nevins, M. E. (2003). Educational challenges for children with cochlear implants. Topics in Language Disorders, 23(1), 57–67.
Clark, L., Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Aitken, M. R. F., Sahakian, B. J., & Robbins, T. (2008). Differential effects of insular and ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions on risky decision-making. Brain, 131(5), 1311–1322.
Cruz, I., Vicaria, I., Wang, N.-Y., Niparko, J., Quittner, A. L., & Team, Cd. I. (2012). Language and behavioral outcomes in children with developmental disabilities using cochlear implants. Otology & Neurotology: Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology, 33(5), 751.
de Giacomo, A., Craig, F., D’Elia, A., Giagnotti, F., Matera, E., & Quaranta, N. (2013). Children with cochlear implants: Cognitive skills, adaptive behaviors, social and emotional skills. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 77(12), 1975–1979.
Dey, M., Castro, R. P., Haug, S., & Schaub, M. P. (2019). Quality of life of parents of mentally-ill children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 28(5), 563–577.
Dikderi, Ç. (2020). İmplantasyon yaşının ve binaural işitmenin çalışma belleği, dikkat ve dil becerileri üzerine etkisi. (Master’s Thesis, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
Dopheide, J. A., & Pliszka, S. R. (2009). Attention‐deficit‐hyperactivity disorder: an update. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 29(6), 656–679.
Doğan, M., & Hasanoglu, G. (2016). Content analysis of memory and memory-related research studies on children with hearing loss. Educational Research and Reviews, 11(16), 1542-1559. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2016.2793
Edition, F. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Am Psychiatric Assoc, 21(21), 591–643. Fryauf-Bertschy, H., Tyler, R. S., Kelsay, D. M. R., Gantz, B. J., & Woodworth, G. G. (1997). Cochlear implant use by prelingually deafened children: the influences of age at implant and length of device use. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 40(1), 183–199.
Girgin M. C. (2006). İşitme engelli çocukların konuşma edinimi eğitiminde dinleme becerilerinin önemi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 7(01), 15–28.
Houston, D. M., & Miyamoto, R. T. (2010). Effects of early auditory experience on word learning and speech perception in deaf children with cochlear implants: implications for sensitive periods of language development. Otology & Neurotology: Official Publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology, 31(8), 1248. Houston, D. M., Stewart, J., Moberly, A., Hollich, G., & Miyamoto, R. T. (2012). Word learning in deaf children with cochlear implants: Effects of early auditory experience. Developmental Science, 15(3), 448–461.
Kaplan, H. (1996). Adjustment Counseling. Communication Therapy: An Integrated Approach to Aural Rehabilitation with Deaf and Hard of Hearing Adolescents and Adults, 92.
Karasu, H. P., Girgin, Ü., & Uzuner, Y. (2013). Evaluation of cloze procedure skills of hearing-impaired and normally-hearing students?
Konrot, A. (1991). Okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında dil ve konuşma sorunlu çocuklar. Ya-Pa 7 Okulöncesi Eğitim ve Yaygınlaştırma Semineri.
Kretschmer, R. R., & Kretschmer, L. W. (1979). The Acquisition of Linguistic and Communicative Competence: Parent-Child Interactions. Volta Review, 81(5), 306–322.
Kronenberger, W. G., Pisoni, D. B., Henning, S. C., & Colson, B. G. (2013). Executive functioning skills in long-term users of cochlear implants: A case control study. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 38(8), 902–914.
Lee, Y., Yang, H.-J., Chen, V. C., Lee, W.-T., Teng, M.-J., Lin, C.-H., & Gossop, M. (2016). Meta-analysis of quality of life in children and adolescents with ADHD: By both parent proxy-report and child self-report using PedsQLTM. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 51, 160–172.
Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., Loring, D. W., & Fischer, J. S. (2004). Neuropsychological assessment. Oxford University Press, USA. Markman, T. M., Quittner, A. L., Eisenberg, L. S., Tobey, E. A., Thal, D., Niparko, J. K., & Wang, N.-Y. (2011). Language development after cochlear implantation: an epigenetic model. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 3(4), 388–404.
Marschark, M., & Wauters, L. (2008). Language comprehension and learning by deaf students.
McKinley, A. M., & Warren, S. F. (2000). The effectiveness of cochlear implants for children with prelingual deafness. Journal of Early Intervention, 23(4), 252–263.
Mesallam, T. A., Yousef, M., & Almasaad, A. (2019). Auditory and language skills development after cochlear implantation in children with multiple disabilities. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 276(1), 49–55.
Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24(1), 167–202.
Mitchell, T. v, & Quittner, A. L. (1996). Multimethod study of attention and behavior problems in hearing-impaired children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 25(1), 83–96.
Moray, N. (1970). Towards a quantitative theory of attention. Acta Psychologica, 33, 111–117.
Morgan, A., & Vernon, M. (1994). A guide to the diagnosis of learning disabilities in deaf and hard-of-hearing children and adults. American Annals of the Deaf, 358–370.
O’Connell, J., & Casale, K. (2004). Attention deficits and hearing loss: Meeting the challenge. The Volta Review, 104(4), 257. O’Donoghue, G. M., Nikolopoulos, T. P., & Archbold, S. M. (2000). Determinants of speech perception in children after cochlear implantation. The Lancet, 356(9228), 466–468.
Ogut, D. K., Ozbaran, N. B., Kose, S., & Kesikci, H. (2020). Executive functions in preschool children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/Okul oncesi dikkat eksikligi hiperaktivite bozuklugunda yurutucu islevler. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(4), 423-429.
Omidvar, S., Jeddi, Z., Doosti, A., & Hashemi, S. B. (2020). Cochlear implant outcomes in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Comparison with controls. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 130, 109782. Owens, R. E. (1990). Development of communication, language, and speech. Human Communication Disorders, 47, 226–270.
Pashler, H. E., & Taylor, J. G. (1998). The psychology of attention. Trends in Neurosciences, 21(6), 271.
Pisoni, D. B., Kronenberger, W. G., Chandramouli, S. H., & Conway, C. M. (2016). Learning and memory processes following cochlear implantation: The missing piece of the puzzle. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 493.
Posner, M. I., & Boies, S. J. (1971). Components of attention. Psychological Review, 78(5), 391.
Richards, G. P., Samuels, S. J., Turnure, J. E., & Ysseldyke, J. E. (1990). Sustained and selective attention in children with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 23(2), 129–136.
Robbins, M. M., & Robbins, A. M. (2004). Simulation of the population dynamics and social structure of the Virunga mountain gorillas. American Journal of Primatology: Official Journal of the American Society of Primatologists, 63(4), 201–223.
Rolls, E. T., & Grabenhorst, F. (2008). The orbitofrontal cortex and beyond: from affect to decision-making. Progress in Neurobiology, 86(3), 216–244.
Schum, R. (2004). Psychological assessment of children with multiple handicaps who have hearing loss. The Volta Review, 104(4), 237.
Sharma, A., Dorman, M. F., & Spahr, A. J. (2002). A sensitive period for the development of the central auditory system in children with cochlear implants: implications for age of implantation. Ear and Hearing, 23(6), 532–539.
Solso, R. L., MacLin, M. K., & MacLin, O. H. (2005). Cognitive psychology. Pearson Education New Zealand. Stevenson, J., Kreppner, J., Pimperton, H., Worsfold, S., & Kennedy, C. (2015). Emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and adolescents with hearing impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 24(5), 477–496.
Surowiecki, V. N., Maruff, P., Busby, P. A., Sarant, J., Blamey, P. J., & Clark, G. M. (2002). Cognitive processing in children using cochlear implants: the relationship between visual memory, attention, and executive functions and developing language skills. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 111(5_suppl), 119–126.
Tarnowski, K. J., Prinz, R. J., & Nay, S. M. (1986). Comparative analysis of attentional deficits in hyperactive and learning-disabled children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(4), 341.
Theunissen, S. C. P. M., Rieffe, C., Kouwenberg, M., de Raeve, L. J. I., Soede, W., Briaire, J. J., & Frijns, J. H. M. (2014). Behavioral problems in school-aged hearing-impaired children: the influence of sociodemographic, linguistic, and medical factors. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 23(4), 187–196.
Timur, A. İ. (2016). İşitme engelli bireylerde dil kullanımı ile depresyon arasındaki ilişkide saldırganlık eğiliminin etkisi: bir yapısal eşitlik modellemesi çalışması. İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Klinik Psikoloji Yüksek Lisans Programı (Doctoral Dissertation, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul).
Topbaş, S. (2001). İletişim, Dil ve Konuşma: Temel Kavramlar.(Ed.) Seyhun Topbaş. Çocukta Dil ve Kavram Gelişimi.
Tucker, I. G., & Nolan, M. (1984). The earmould. Educational Audiology, 172–173.
Tüfekçioğlu, U. (2003). Işitme, konuşma Ve Görme Sorunlari Olan Çocuklarin Eğitimi. Anadolu Universitesi.
Turan, Ş. (2000). Eski ve Yeni Dil Kurumlarının Dile Bakışı. Türkçenin Zenginleştirilmesi Kurultayı (Bildiriler-Tartışmalar), 2007–2209.
Tuz, D. (2014). Erken Dönem Koklear İmplantasyonda Zamansal Işlemleme Fonksiyonlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Vantalon, V. (2014). Expression phénotypique du TDAH en fonction de l’âge. Annales Médico-Psychologiques, Revue Psychiatrique, 172(4), 287–292.
Waxman, S. G. (2020). Clinical Neuroanatomy. McGraw Hill Professional.
Westwood, P. S. (1997). Commonsense methods for children with special needs: Strategies for the regular classroom. Psychology Press.
Wilson, S. M., Householder, D. B., Coppola, V., Tessarollo, L., Fritzsch, B., Lee, E.-C., Goss, D., Carlson, G. A., Copeland, N. G., & Jenkins, N. A. (2001). Mutations in Cdh23 cause nonsyndromic hearing loss in waltzer mice. Genomics, 74(2), 228–233.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

-

Bölüm

Derleme

Yazarlar

Merve Gülçin Tutlu ^*
0000-0003-4225-7982
Türkiye

Mehmet Ertan Başgül
0000-0002-8501-6970
Türkiye

Canahmet Boz
0000-0001-6008-7636
Türkiye

Kübra Çinkılıç
0000-0001-9629-7539
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

21 Ekim 2022

Gönderilme Tarihi

2 Ekim 2022

Kabul Tarihi

17 Ekim 2022

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2022 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA78MA62FX

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Tutlu, M. G., Başgül, M. E., Boz, C., & Çinkılıç, K. (2022). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEARING AND ATTENTION IN HEARING IMPAIRED INDIVIDUALS WITH ADHD COMORBIDITY AND THE EFFECT OF HEARING AIDS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTENTION: A COMPILATION OF RESEARCH. Türk Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 129-136. https://izlik.org/JA78MA62FX

AMA

1.Tutlu MG, Başgül ME, Boz C, Çinkılıç K. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEARING AND ATTENTION IN HEARING IMPAIRED INDIVIDUALS WITH ADHD COMORBIDITY AND THE EFFECT OF HEARING AIDS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTENTION: A COMPILATION OF RESEARCH. JOTSSR. 2022;7(2):129-136. https://izlik.org/JA78MA62FX

Chicago

Tutlu, Merve Gülçin, Mehmet Ertan Başgül, Canahmet Boz, ve Kübra Çinkılıç. 2022. “THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEARING AND ATTENTION IN HEARING IMPAIRED INDIVIDUALS WITH ADHD COMORBIDITY AND THE EFFECT OF HEARING AIDS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTENTION: A COMPILATION OF RESEARCH”. Türk Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi 7 (2): 129-36. https://izlik.org/JA78MA62FX.

EndNote

Tutlu MG, Başgül ME, Boz C, Çinkılıç K (01 Ekim 2022) THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEARING AND ATTENTION IN HEARING IMPAIRED INDIVIDUALS WITH ADHD COMORBIDITY AND THE EFFECT OF HEARING AIDS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTENTION: A COMPILATION OF RESEARCH. Türk Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi 7 2 129–136.

IEEE

[1]M. G. Tutlu, M. E. Başgül, C. Boz, ve K. Çinkılıç, “THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEARING AND ATTENTION IN HEARING IMPAIRED INDIVIDUALS WITH ADHD COMORBIDITY AND THE EFFECT OF HEARING AIDS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTENTION: A COMPILATION OF RESEARCH”, JOTSSR, c. 7, sy 2, ss. 129–136, Eki. 2022, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA78MA62FX

ISNAD

Tutlu, Merve Gülçin - Başgül, Mehmet Ertan - Boz, Canahmet - Çinkılıç, Kübra. “THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEARING AND ATTENTION IN HEARING IMPAIRED INDIVIDUALS WITH ADHD COMORBIDITY AND THE EFFECT OF HEARING AIDS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTENTION: A COMPILATION OF RESEARCH”. Türk Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi 7/2 (01 Ekim 2022): 129-136. https://izlik.org/JA78MA62FX.

JAMA

1.Tutlu MG, Başgül ME, Boz C, Çinkılıç K. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEARING AND ATTENTION IN HEARING IMPAIRED INDIVIDUALS WITH ADHD COMORBIDITY AND THE EFFECT OF HEARING AIDS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTENTION: A COMPILATION OF RESEARCH. JOTSSR. 2022;7:129–136.

MLA

Tutlu, Merve Gülçin, vd. “THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEARING AND ATTENTION IN HEARING IMPAIRED INDIVIDUALS WITH ADHD COMORBIDITY AND THE EFFECT OF HEARING AIDS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTENTION: A COMPILATION OF RESEARCH”. Türk Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 7, sy 2, Ekim 2022, ss. 129-36, https://izlik.org/JA78MA62FX.

Vancouver

1.Merve Gülçin Tutlu, Mehmet Ertan Başgül, Canahmet Boz, Kübra Çinkılıç. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEARING AND ATTENTION IN HEARING IMPAIRED INDIVIDUALS WITH ADHD COMORBIDITY AND THE EFFECT OF HEARING AIDS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTENTION: A COMPILATION OF RESEARCH. JOTSSR [Internet]. 01 Ekim 2022;7(2):129-36. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA78MA62FX