Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 22 Issue: 3, 241 - 252, 01.07.2022

İbrahim Sani Mert Kemal Köksal

https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.943671
Cited By: 7

Abstract

Supporting Institution

Yoktur.

Project Number

Yoktur.

Thanks

Yoktur

References

  • Bekmezci, M., & Mert, İ. S. (2018). Yaşam Tatmini Ölçeğinin Türkçe Geçerlilik Ve Güvenirlilik Çalışması [Turkish Validity and Reliability Study of Life Satisfaction Scale]. Toros Üniversitesi İİSBF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(8), 166–177.
  • Detert, J. R., & Bruno, E. A. (2017). Workplace courage: Review, synthesis, and future agenda for a complex construct. The Academy of Management Annals, 11(2), 593–639. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2015.0155
  • Detert, J. R., & Burris, E. R. (2007). Leadership behavior and employee voice: Is the door really open? Academy of Management Journal, 50(4), 869–884. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2007.26279183
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. In Journal of Personality Assessment (Vol. 49, Issue 1, pp. 71–75). Lawrence Erlbaum. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
  • Durmuş, B., Yurtkoru, E., & Çinko, M. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde SPSS’le Veri Analizi [Data Analysis with SPSS in Social Sciences]. Beta.
  • Ginevra, M. C., Santilli, S., Camussi, E., Magnano, P., Capozza, D., & Nota, L. (2020). The Italian adaptation of courage measure. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 20(3), 457–475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-019-09412-4
  • Hall, E. O. C., Wilson, M. E., & Frankenfield, J. A. (2003). Translation and restandardization of an instrument: the Early Infant Temperament Questionnaire. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 42(2), 159–168. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02599.x
  • Hannah, S. T., & Avolio, B. J. (2010). Moral potency: Building the capacity for character-based leadership. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 62(4), 291–310. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022283
  • Hannah, S. T., Sweeney, P. J., & Lester, P. B. (2007). Toward a courageous mindset: The subjective act and experience of courage. Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(2), 129–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701228854
  • Haybron, D. (2007). Life satisfaction, ethical reflection, and the science of happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 8(1), 99–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9006-5
  • Howard, M. C. (2019). Applying the approach/avoidance framework to understand the relationships between social courage, workplace outcomes, and well-being outcomes. Journal of Positive Psychology, 14(6), 734–748. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1545043
  • Howard, M. C. (2021). Identifying social courage antecedents and mediating effects: Applying the HEXACO and approach/avoidance frameworks. Personality and Individual Differences, 173, 110637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.110637
  • Howard, M. C., & Alipour, K. K. (2014). Does the courage measure really measure courage? A theoretical and empirical evaluation. Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(5), 449–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.910828
  • Howard, M. C., & Cogswell, J. E. (2019). The left side of courage: Three exploratory studies on the antecedents of social courage. Journal of Positive Psychology, 14(3), 324–340. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1426780
  • Howard, M. C., Farr, J. L., Grandey, A. A., & Gutworth, M. B. (2017). The Creation of the Workplace Social Courage Scale (WSCS): An Investigation of Internal Consistency, Psychometric Properties, Validity, and Utility. Journal of Business and Psychology, 32(6), 673–690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-016-9463-8
  • Howard, M. C., & Fox, F. R. (2020). Does gender have a significant relationship with social courage? Test of dual sequentially mediated pathways. Personality and Individual Differences, 159(February), 109904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.109904
  • Howard, M. C., & Holmes, P. E. (2019). Social courage fosters both voice and silence in the workplace: A study on multidimensional voice and silence with boundary conditions. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 7(1), 53–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-04-2019-0034
  • Howard, M. C., & Murry, A. S. (2020). Does the courage measure (CM) measure persistence despite fear? TPM - Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 27(2), 271–277. https://doi.org/10.4473/TPM27.2.7
  • Kilmann, R. H., O’Hara, L. A., & Strauss, J. P. (2010). Developing and validating a quantitative measure of organizational courage. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-009-9125-1
  • Koerner, M. M. (2014). Courage as Identity Work: Accounts of Workplace Courage. Academy of Management Journal, 57(1), 63–93. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0641
  • Magnano, P., Lodi, E., Zammitti, A., & Patrizi, P. (2021). Courage, career adaptability and readiness as resources to improve well-being during the university-to-work transition in Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062919
  • Magnano, P., Paolillo, A., Platania, S., & Santisi, G. (2017). Courage as a potential mediator between personality and coping. Personality and Individual Differences, 111, 13–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.01.047
  • Marques, S. C., Lopez, S. J., & Mitchell, J. (2013). The Role of Hope, Spirituality and Religious Practice in Adolescents’ Life Satisfaction: Longitudinal Findings. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(1), 251–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9329-3
  • Marques, S. C., Pais-Ribeiro, J. L., & Lopez, S. J. (2007). Validation of a Portuguese Version of the Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 2(2), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-007-9031-5
  • McMillan, T. M., & Rachman, S. J. (1988). Fearlessness and courage in paratroopers undergoing training. Personality and Individual Differences, 9(2), 373–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(88)90100-6
  • Mert, İ. S. (2007). Cesaret Yönetimi [Courage Management]. Hayat Yayınları.
  • Mert, İ. S. (2010). Terör Yönetimi Kuramı ve Cesaret: Kavramsal Bir Tartışma [Terror Management Theory and Courage: A Conceptual Discussion]. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, 06(12), 57–81. https://doi.org/10.17752/gsd.26874
  • Mert, İ. S. (2021). Cesaret ve bileşenlerinin keşfine ilişkin nitel bir araştırma: Eski bir erdemin yeniden keşfi [A Explanatory Qualitative Research on The Discovery of Courage and Its Components: A Rediscovery of An Old Virtue]. İş ve İnsan Dergisi, 8(April), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.729238
  • Mert, İ. S., & Aydemir, M. (2019). Yönetsel Cesaretin Tarihi Kaynakları Üzerine Bir İnceleme: Eski Türk Yazıtlarında Cesaret [An Investigation On The Historical Roots Of Managerial Courage: Courage In Old Turkic Inscriptions]. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(6), 331–340. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.523718
  • Norton, P. J., & Weiss, B. J. (2009). The role of courage on behavioral approach in a fear-eliciting situation: A proof-of-concept pilot study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23(2), 212–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.07.002
  • Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the Satisfaction With Life Scale. Psychological Assessment, 5(2), 164–172. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.5.2.164
  • Rate, C. R., Clarke, J. A., Lindsay, D. R., & Sternberg, R. J. (2007). Implicit theories of courage. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(2), 80–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701228755
  • Santisi, G., Lodi, E., Magnano, P., Zarbo, R., & Zammitti, A. (2020). Relationship between Psychological Capital and Quality of Life: The Role of Courage. Sustainability, 12(13), 5238. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135238
  • Scarre, G. (2010). On Courage (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203851982
  • Woodard, C. R., & Pury, C. L. S. (2007). The construct of courage: Categorization and measurement. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 59(2), 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1037/1065-9293.59.2.135

The Effect of Workplace Social Courage on Life Satisfaction: A Scale Adaptation

Year 2022, Volume: 22 Issue: 3, 241 - 252, 01.07.2022

İbrahim Sani Mert Kemal Köksal

https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.943671
Cited By: 7

Abstract

Although the concept of courage has a long history, it is a latterly popular topic in organizational behavior. It is also an essential attitude or behavior for employees in whistleblowing, voice, unethical pro-organizational behavior. A valid and reliable scale is needed to reveal the effect of courage in different cultures. The study aims to adapt the workplace social courage scale to Turkish and test the validity and reliability of the scale. In three studies, the authors tested the scale's linguistic equivalence first, then its structural validity, and finally its predictive power on life satisfaction. Study one sample consisted of 48 academicians with sufficient English and Turkish language. Study two sample involved 267 employees from the tourism and finance sector. Study three sample comprised 374 data obtained from industrial and textile manufacturing employees. Back and forth translation and test-retest analysis results show the Turkish form has linguistic equality. Explanatory factor analysis results indicate the adapted scale has a one-dimensional factor like the original one. Confirmatory factor analysis results reveal the adapted form has the one-factor structure in a different sample. The structural model analysis showed workplace social courage has a significant and positive effect on life satisfaction. The adapted Turkish form of workplace social courage scale is valid and reliable.

Keywords

Workplace social courage Scale adaptation Life satisfaction Turkish form of courage.

Project Number

Yoktur.

References

  • Bekmezci, M., & Mert, İ. S. (2018). Yaşam Tatmini Ölçeğinin Türkçe Geçerlilik Ve Güvenirlilik Çalışması [Turkish Validity and Reliability Study of Life Satisfaction Scale]. Toros Üniversitesi İİSBF Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(8), 166–177.
  • Detert, J. R., & Bruno, E. A. (2017). Workplace courage: Review, synthesis, and future agenda for a complex construct. The Academy of Management Annals, 11(2), 593–639. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2015.0155
  • Detert, J. R., & Burris, E. R. (2007). Leadership behavior and employee voice: Is the door really open? Academy of Management Journal, 50(4), 869–884. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2007.26279183
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. In Journal of Personality Assessment (Vol. 49, Issue 1, pp. 71–75). Lawrence Erlbaum. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
  • Durmuş, B., Yurtkoru, E., & Çinko, M. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde SPSS’le Veri Analizi [Data Analysis with SPSS in Social Sciences]. Beta.
  • Ginevra, M. C., Santilli, S., Camussi, E., Magnano, P., Capozza, D., & Nota, L. (2020). The Italian adaptation of courage measure. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 20(3), 457–475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-019-09412-4
  • Hall, E. O. C., Wilson, M. E., & Frankenfield, J. A. (2003). Translation and restandardization of an instrument: the Early Infant Temperament Questionnaire. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 42(2), 159–168. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02599.x
  • Hannah, S. T., & Avolio, B. J. (2010). Moral potency: Building the capacity for character-based leadership. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 62(4), 291–310. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022283
  • Hannah, S. T., Sweeney, P. J., & Lester, P. B. (2007). Toward a courageous mindset: The subjective act and experience of courage. Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(2), 129–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701228854
  • Haybron, D. (2007). Life satisfaction, ethical reflection, and the science of happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 8(1), 99–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9006-5
  • Howard, M. C. (2019). Applying the approach/avoidance framework to understand the relationships between social courage, workplace outcomes, and well-being outcomes. Journal of Positive Psychology, 14(6), 734–748. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1545043
  • Howard, M. C. (2021). Identifying social courage antecedents and mediating effects: Applying the HEXACO and approach/avoidance frameworks. Personality and Individual Differences, 173, 110637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.110637
  • Howard, M. C., & Alipour, K. K. (2014). Does the courage measure really measure courage? A theoretical and empirical evaluation. Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(5), 449–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.910828
  • Howard, M. C., & Cogswell, J. E. (2019). The left side of courage: Three exploratory studies on the antecedents of social courage. Journal of Positive Psychology, 14(3), 324–340. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1426780
  • Howard, M. C., Farr, J. L., Grandey, A. A., & Gutworth, M. B. (2017). The Creation of the Workplace Social Courage Scale (WSCS): An Investigation of Internal Consistency, Psychometric Properties, Validity, and Utility. Journal of Business and Psychology, 32(6), 673–690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-016-9463-8
  • Howard, M. C., & Fox, F. R. (2020). Does gender have a significant relationship with social courage? Test of dual sequentially mediated pathways. Personality and Individual Differences, 159(February), 109904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.109904
  • Howard, M. C., & Holmes, P. E. (2019). Social courage fosters both voice and silence in the workplace: A study on multidimensional voice and silence with boundary conditions. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 7(1), 53–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-04-2019-0034
  • Howard, M. C., & Murry, A. S. (2020). Does the courage measure (CM) measure persistence despite fear? TPM - Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 27(2), 271–277. https://doi.org/10.4473/TPM27.2.7
  • Kilmann, R. H., O’Hara, L. A., & Strauss, J. P. (2010). Developing and validating a quantitative measure of organizational courage. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-009-9125-1
  • Koerner, M. M. (2014). Courage as Identity Work: Accounts of Workplace Courage. Academy of Management Journal, 57(1), 63–93. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0641
  • Magnano, P., Lodi, E., Zammitti, A., & Patrizi, P. (2021). Courage, career adaptability and readiness as resources to improve well-being during the university-to-work transition in Italy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062919
  • Magnano, P., Paolillo, A., Platania, S., & Santisi, G. (2017). Courage as a potential mediator between personality and coping. Personality and Individual Differences, 111, 13–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.01.047
  • Marques, S. C., Lopez, S. J., & Mitchell, J. (2013). The Role of Hope, Spirituality and Religious Practice in Adolescents’ Life Satisfaction: Longitudinal Findings. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(1), 251–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9329-3
  • Marques, S. C., Pais-Ribeiro, J. L., & Lopez, S. J. (2007). Validation of a Portuguese Version of the Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 2(2), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-007-9031-5
  • McMillan, T. M., & Rachman, S. J. (1988). Fearlessness and courage in paratroopers undergoing training. Personality and Individual Differences, 9(2), 373–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(88)90100-6
  • Mert, İ. S. (2007). Cesaret Yönetimi [Courage Management]. Hayat Yayınları.
  • Mert, İ. S. (2010). Terör Yönetimi Kuramı ve Cesaret: Kavramsal Bir Tartışma [Terror Management Theory and Courage: A Conceptual Discussion]. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, 06(12), 57–81. https://doi.org/10.17752/gsd.26874
  • Mert, İ. S. (2021). Cesaret ve bileşenlerinin keşfine ilişkin nitel bir araştırma: Eski bir erdemin yeniden keşfi [A Explanatory Qualitative Research on The Discovery of Courage and Its Components: A Rediscovery of An Old Virtue]. İş ve İnsan Dergisi, 8(April), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.729238
  • Mert, İ. S., & Aydemir, M. (2019). Yönetsel Cesaretin Tarihi Kaynakları Üzerine Bir İnceleme: Eski Türk Yazıtlarında Cesaret [An Investigation On The Historical Roots Of Managerial Courage: Courage In Old Turkic Inscriptions]. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(6), 331–340. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.523718
  • Norton, P. J., & Weiss, B. J. (2009). The role of courage on behavioral approach in a fear-eliciting situation: A proof-of-concept pilot study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23(2), 212–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.07.002
  • Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the Satisfaction With Life Scale. Psychological Assessment, 5(2), 164–172. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.5.2.164
  • Rate, C. R., Clarke, J. A., Lindsay, D. R., & Sternberg, R. J. (2007). Implicit theories of courage. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2(2), 80–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701228755
  • Santisi, G., Lodi, E., Magnano, P., Zarbo, R., & Zammitti, A. (2020). Relationship between Psychological Capital and Quality of Life: The Role of Courage. Sustainability, 12(13), 5238. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135238
  • Scarre, G. (2010). On Courage (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203851982
  • Woodard, C. R., & Pury, C. L. S. (2007). The construct of courage: Categorization and measurement. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 59(2), 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1037/1065-9293.59.2.135
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İbrahim Sani Mert 0000-0002-2850-1865

Kemal Köksal 0000-0001-7653-1762

Project Number Yoktur.
Early Pub Date June 22, 2022
Publication Date July 1, 2022
Acceptance Date April 19, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 22 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Mert, İ. S., & Köksal, K. (2022). The Effect of Workplace Social Courage on Life Satisfaction: A Scale Adaptation. Ege Academic Review, 22(3), 241-252. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.943671
AMA Mert İS, Köksal K. The Effect of Workplace Social Courage on Life Satisfaction: A Scale Adaptation. ear. July 2022;22(3):241-252. doi:10.21121/eab.943671
Chicago Mert, İbrahim Sani, and Kemal Köksal. “The Effect of Workplace Social Courage on Life Satisfaction: A Scale Adaptation”. Ege Academic Review 22, no. 3 (July 2022): 241-52. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.943671.
EndNote Mert İS, Köksal K (July 1, 2022) The Effect of Workplace Social Courage on Life Satisfaction: A Scale Adaptation. Ege Academic Review 22 3 241–252.
IEEE İ. S. Mert and K. Köksal, “The Effect of Workplace Social Courage on Life Satisfaction: A Scale Adaptation”, ear, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 241–252, 2022, doi: 10.21121/eab.943671.
ISNAD Mert, İbrahim Sani - Köksal, Kemal. “The Effect of Workplace Social Courage on Life Satisfaction: A Scale Adaptation”. Ege Academic Review 22/3 (July 2022), 241-252. https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.943671.
JAMA Mert İS, Köksal K. The Effect of Workplace Social Courage on Life Satisfaction: A Scale Adaptation. ear. 2022;22:241–252.
MLA Mert, İbrahim Sani and Kemal Köksal. “The Effect of Workplace Social Courage on Life Satisfaction: A Scale Adaptation”. Ege Academic Review, vol. 22, no. 3, 2022, pp. 241-52, doi:10.21121/eab.943671.
Vancouver Mert İS, Köksal K. The Effect of Workplace Social Courage on Life Satisfaction: A Scale Adaptation. ear. 2022;22(3):241-52.

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