Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Benlik Saygısı ile İlişki Bağımlılığı Arasındaki İlişkide Affetme Bir Aracı Mıdır?

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 527 - 558, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1163891

Abstract

Bu araştırmada benlik saygısı ile ilişki bağımlılığı arasındaki ilişkide affetmenin çoklu aracılığı incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcıları 325’si kadın (% 65), 175’i erkek (%35) olmak üzere 520 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada iki boyutlu benlik saygısı , affetme ve ilişki bağımlılığı ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmada, bireylerin benlik alt ölçek puanları ile ilişki bağımlılığı arasındaki ilişkide affetme alt ölçek puanlarının aracılık rolü incelenmiştir. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modeli ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapısal eşitlik modeli yardımıyla değişkenler arasındaki nedensel ilişkiler saptanmaya çalışılmıştır Araştırma bulgularına göre kendini sevme ve öz yeterlilik ilişki bağımlılığını negatif yönde anlamlı bir şekilde yordamaktadır. Kendini sevme kendini affetmeyi pozitif yönde, başkalarını ve durumu affetmeyi negatif yönde anlamlı bir şekilde yordamaktadır. Öz yeterlilik ise kendini, başkalarını ve durumu affetmeyi pozitif yönde anlamlı bir şekilde yordamaktadır. Kendini sevme ve öz yeterliliğin ilişki bağımlılığı üzerindeki doğrudan etkileri anlamlıdır. Bununla birlikte kendini affetme, başkasını affetme ve durumu affetme aracı değişkenleri modele dahil edildiğinde bu ilişki anlamsızlaşmaktadır. Bu durum kendini affetme, başkasını affetme ve durumu affetmenin tam aracı rolünde olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak ilişki bağımlılığının önlenmesinde benlik saygısının yükseltilmesinin ve bireylerde affetme becerilerinin kazandırılmasının oldukça önemli olduğu görülmektedir.

References

  • Aðalsteinsson, R. I., Frímannsdóttir, I. B., & Konráðsson, S. (2014). Teachers' self-esteem and self-efficacy. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 58(5), 540-550. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2013.773559
  • Al-Mabuk, R. H., Enright, R. D., & Cardis, P. A. (1995). Forgiveness education with parentally love-deprived late adolescents. Journal of Moral Education, 24(4), 427-444. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724950240405
  • Amaro, L. M. (2012). Diagnosing Dr. House: Codependency, Agency, and Third Wave Contradiction. Western Journal of Communication, 76(5), 520-535. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570314.2012.679983
  • Asıcı, E. (2013). Öğretmen adaylarının affetme özelliklerinin öz-duyarlık ve benlik saygısı açısından incelenmesi [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi.
  • Aydemir, M. & Bayram, N. (2016).Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile yalnızlık, kendini affetme ve kendini sevme değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(1), 81-88.
  • Bachman, L. F. (2004). Statistical analyses for language assessment. Ernst Klett Sprachen.
  • Bagley, C., Bertrand, L., Bolitho, F., & Mallick, K. (2001). Discrepant parent-adolescent views on family functioning: Predictors of poorer self-esteem and problems of emotion and behaviour in British and Canadian adolescents. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 32(3), 393-404. https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.32.3.393
  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1986(23-28).
  • Baron, R. M. & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173.
  • Bauer, L., Duffy, J., Fountain, E., Halling, S., Holzer, M., Jones, E., ... & Rowe, J. O. (1992). Exploring self-forgiveness. Journal of Religion and Health, 31(2), 149-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00986793
  • Baumeister, R. F., Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I., & Vohs, K. D. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles?. Psychological science in the public interest, 4(1), 1-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/1529-1006.01431
  • Beane, J. A. (1980). Synthesis of research on self-concept. Educational Leadership, 38(1), 84-89.
  • Beattie, M. (1992). Codependent no more: How to stop controlling others and start caring for yourself. Hazelden Publishing.
  • Beattie, M. (2006). İlişkilerde Bağımlılığa Son. İstanbul: Ganj Yayınları.
  • Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological bulletin, 107(2), 238. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
  • Blatt, S. J. & Zuroff, D. C. (1992). Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition: Two prototypes for depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 12(5): 527-562. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7358(92)90070
  • Boon, S. D., & Sulsky, L. M. (1997). Attributions of blame and forgiveness in romantic relationships: A policy-capturing study. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 12(1), 19.
  • Bueschel, R K. 2010. Development of an implicit measure of dispositional forgiveness [Doctoral dissertation]. Baylor University,
  • Bugay, A., & Demir, A. (2011). Hataya İlişkin Özelliklerin Başkalarını Affetmeyi Yordaması. Turkish Psychological Counseling & Guidance Journal, 4(35).
  • Burnette, J. L., Davis, D. E., Green, J. D., Worthington Jr, E. L., & Bradfield, E. (2009). Insecure attachment and depressive symptoms: The mediating role of rumination, empathy, and forgiveness. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(3), 276-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.10.016
  • Cardi, M. K. (2010). Views of the self and inter‐connectedness as predictors of forgiveness [Doctoral dissertation,]. University of Kentucky,
  • Coleman, J. C., & Hendry, L. B. (1999). The nature of adolescence. Psychology Press.
  • Cooper, M. (1995). Applying the codependency model to a group for families of obsessive-compulsive people. Health & social work, 20(4), 272-278. https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/20.4.272
  • Cox Jr, R. B., Ketner, J. S., & Blow, A. J. (2013). Working with couples and substance abuse: Recommendations for clinical practice. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 41(2), 160-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2012.670608
  • Crothers, M., & Warren, L. W. (1996). Parental antecedents of adult codependency. Journal of clinical psychology, 52(2), 231-239. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199603)52:2<231::AID-JCLP14>3.0.CO;2-L
  • DuBois, D.L., & Flay, B.R. (2004). The healthy pursuit of self-esteem: Comment on and alternative to the Crocker and Park (2004) formulation. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 415–420. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.415
  • Dupree, A. T. W. (2010). The impact of parental codependency on children with mental health conditions. Available in: http://csus-dspace.calstate.edu/xmlui/handle/ 10211.9/404.
  • Dwiwardani, C., Hill, P. C., Bollinger, R. A., Marks, L. E., Steele, J. R., Doolin, H. N., ... & Davis, D. E. (2014). Virtues develop from a secure base: Attachment and resilience as predictors of humility, gratitude, and forgiveness. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 42(1), 83-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/009164711404200109
  • Eaton, J., Struthers, C. W., & Santelli, A. G. (2006). Dispositional and state forgiveness: The role of self-esteem, need for structure, and narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(2), 371-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.02.005
  • Enright, R. D. (1996). Counseling within the forgiveness triad: On forgiving, receiving forgiveness, and self-forgiveness. Counseling and values, 40(2), 107-126. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-007X.1996.tb00844.x
  • Enright, R. D., & Fitzgibbons, R. P. (2000). Helping clients forgive: An empirical guide for resolving anger and restoring hope. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10381-000
  • Enright, R. D., & The Human Development Study Group. (1991). The moral development of forgiveness. In W. Kurtines & J. Gewirtz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development (Vol. 1, pp. 123-152). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Fischer, J. L., & Spann, L. (1991). Measuring codependency. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 8(1), 87-100. https://doi.org/10.1300/J020V08N01_06
  • Forest, A. L., & Wood, J. V. (2012). When social networking is not working: Individuals with low self-esteem recognize but do not reap the benefits of self-disclosure on Facebook. Psychologicalscience, 23(3),295-302. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611429709
  • Fu, H., Watkins, D., & Hui, E. K. P. (2004). Personality correlates of the disposition towards interpersonal forgiveness: A Chinese perspective. International Journal of Psychology, 39(4), 305-316. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207590344000402
  • Fuller, J. A., & Warner, R. M. (2000). Family stressors as predictors of codependency. Genetic Social and General Psychology Monographs, 126(1), 5-24.
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS statistics 26 step by step: A simple guide and reference. Routledge.
  • Gibson, J. M., & Donigian, J. (1993). Use of Bowen theory. Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling, 14(1), 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1874.1993.tb00088.x
  • Gomberg, E. S. (1989). Suicide risk among women with alcohol problems. American Journal of Public Health, 79(10), 1363-1365.
  • Granello, D. H., & Beamish, P. M. (1998). Reconceptualizing codependency in women: A sense of connectedness, not pathology. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 20(4), 344.
  • Greenberg, J. (2008). Understanding the vital human quest for self-esteem. Perspectives on psychological science, 3(1), 48-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2008.00061.x
  • Greene, D. C., & Britton, P. J. (2013). The influence of forgiveness on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning individuals’ shame and self-esteem. Journal of Counseling & Development, 91(2), 195-205. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2013.00086.x
  • Gündüz, Ö. (2014). Üniversite öğrencilerinde affetmeyi yordayan değişkenlerin belirlenmesi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Hall, J. H., & Fincham, F. D. (2005). Self–forgiveness: The stepchild of forgiveness research. Journal of social and clinical psychology, 24(5), 621-637. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2005.24.5.621
  • Harter, S., & Renick, M. J. (1988). Manual for the Self-Perception Profile for learning disabled students. University of Denver.
  • Heatherton, T. F. & Wyland, C. (2003). Assessing self-esteem. Em S. Lopez and R. Snyder, (Eds). Assessing positive psychology (pp. 219-233). Washington, DC: APA.
  • Hewes, R. L., & Janikowski, T. O. (1998). Parental alcoholism and codependency: A comparison of female children of alcoholics and. College Student Journal, 32(1), 140-147.
  • Hoenigmann-Lion, N. M., & Whitehead, G. I. (2007). The relationship between codependency and borderline and dependent personality traits. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 24(4), 55-77. https://doi.org/10.1300/J020v24n04_05
  • Johnson, Q. S. (2010). The relationship among self-esteem, locus of control, and predisposition toward forgiveness in african american and hispanic female college students [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A & M University-Commerce.
  • King, R. A., Schwab-Stone, M. E., Peterson, B. S., & Thies, A. P. (2000). Psychiatric examination of the infant, child, and adolescent. Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, BJ Sadock.
  • Kline, R. B. (1998). Software review: Software programs for structural equation modeling: Amos, EQS, and LISREL. Journal of psychoeducational assessment, 16(4), 343-364. https://doi.org/10.1177/073428299801600407
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3. press). New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Lancer, D. (2014). Conquering shame and codependency: 8 steps to freeing the true you. Hazelden Publishing.
  • Lancer, D. (2015). Codependency for dummies. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Lawrence, D. (2000). Building self-esteem with adult learners. Thousand Oaks, CA: Paul Chapman.
  • Leary, M. R., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 32, pp. 1-62). Academic Press.
  • Lee, K. H. (2011). The role of spiritual experience, forgiveness, and religious support on the general well-being of older adults. Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging, 23(3), 206-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/15528030.2011.533398
  • Lee, Z. W. Y., & Cheung, C. M. K. (2014). Problematic use of social networking sites: The role of self-esteem. International Journal of Business and Information, 9(2), 143.
  • Loring, S., & Cowan, G. (1997). Codependency: An interpersonal phenomenon. Sex roles, 36(1), 115-123.
  • Maltby, J., Day, L., & Barber, L. (2004). Forgiveness and mental health variables: Interpreting the relationship using an adaptational-continuum model of personality and coping. Personality and Individual Differences, 37(8), 1629-1641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.02.017
  • Marks, A. D., Blore, R. L., Hine, D. W., & Dear, G. E. (2012). Development and validation of a revised measure of codependency. Australian Journal of Psychology, 64(3), 119-127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-9536.2011.00034.x
  • Maynard, C., Piferi, R. L., & Jobe, R. L. (2016). Role of supportive others in the forgiveness process. Counseling and Values, 61(1), 28-43. https://doi.org/10.1002/cvj.12024
  • McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K. C., Sandage, S. J., Worthington Jr, E. L., Brown, S. W., & Hight, T. L. (1998). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships: II. Theoretical elaboration and measurement. Journal of personality and social psychology, 75(6), 1586. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.6.1586
  • Mellody, P. (1989). A brief history of codependence and a look at the psychological literature. Facing codependence. New York: Harper San Francisco; 1989: 207–217
  • Mogonea, F. R., & Mogonea, F. (2014). The role of the family in building adolescents’ self-esteem. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 127, 189-193.
  • Moksnes, U. K., Moljord, I. E., Espnes, G. A., & Byrne, D. G. (2010). The association between stress and emotional states in adolescents: The role of gender and self-esteem. Personality and individual differences, 49(5), 430-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.04.012
  • Musekura, C. (2010. An assessment of contemporary models of forgiveness, New York: Peter Lang. North, J. (1987). Wrongdoing and forgiveness. Philosophy, 62(242), 499-508.
  • O'Brien, P. E., & Gaborit, M. (1992). Codependency: A disorder separate from chemical dependency. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 48(1), 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199201)48:1<129::AID-JCLP2270480118>3.0.CO;2-C
  • Pollack, D., L. (1992). A Study of Developmental Precursors to Codependency and Cross-Generational Correlations of Psychological Functioning In Mothers and Adult Daughters [Doctoral dissertation]. California School of Professional Psychology.
  • Reed, G.L. and Enright, R.D. (2006). The Effects of forgiveness therapy on depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress for women after spousal emotional abuse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74 (5), 920– 929. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.74.5.920
  • Rijavec, M., Brdar, I., & Miljkovic, D. (2011). Aspirations and well-being: Extrinsic vs. intrinsic life goals. Drustvena istrazivanja, 20(3), 693.
  • Rosenak, C.M. & Harnden, G.M. (1992). Forgiveness in the psychotherapeutic process: clinical applications. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 11 (2), 188-197.
  • Ross, S. R., Hertenstein, M. J., & Wrobel, T. A. (2007). Maladaptive correlates of the failure to forgive self and others: Further evidence for a two-component model of forgiveness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88(2), 158-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890701267985
  • Rusnáková, M. (2014). Codependency of the members of a family of an alcohol addict. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 132, 647-653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.367
  • Schreiber, J. B., Nora, A., Stage, F. K., Barlow, E. A., & King, J. (2006). Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: A review. The Journal of educational research, 99(6), 323-338. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOER.99.6.323-338
  • Schröder-Abé, M., Rudolph, A., & Schütz, A. (2007). High implicit self-esteem is not necessarily advantageous: Discrepancies between explicit and implicit self‐esteem and their relationship with anger expression and psychological health. European Journal of Personality: Published for the European Association of Personality Psychology, 21(3), 319-339. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.626
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (1996). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. Hilsdale. U.: Erlbaum. Seaton, C. L., & Beaumont, S. L. (2014). Exploring the links between identity styles and forgiveness in university students. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 46(3), 366. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032009
  • Self, J. S. (2010). Codependency among nurses: A comparison by substance use disorder and other selected variables [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alabama Libraries.
  • Sharma, S., & Agarwala, S. (2014). Self-esteem and collective self-esteem as predictors of depression. Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 24(1), 21-28.
  • Sioui, N. & Tousignant, M. (2009). Resilience and aboriginal communities in crisis: theory and interventions. Journal of Aboriginal Health, 5 (1), 43. https://doi.org/10.3138/ijih.v5i1.28977
  • Stafford, L. L. (2001). Is codependency a meaningful concept?. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 22(3), 273-286. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840121607
  • Strelan, P. (2007a). Who forgives others, themselves, and situations? The roles of narcissism, guilt, self-esteem, and agreeableness. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(2), 259-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.06.017
  • Strelan, P. (2007b). The prosocial, adaptive qualities of just world beliefs: Implications for the relationship between justice and forgiveness. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(4), 881-890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.02.015
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 5, pp. 481-498). Boston, MA: Pearson.
  • Tafarodi, R. W. (1998). Paradoxical self-esteem and selectivity in the processing of social information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1181. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1181
  • Tafarodi, R. W., & Swann Jr, W. B. (1995). Self-linking and self-competence as dimensions of global self-esteem: initial validation of a measure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 65(2), 322-342. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6502_8 Tafarodi, R. W., & Swann Jr, W. B. (2001). Two-dimensional self-esteem: Theory and measurement. Personality and individual Differences, 31(5), 653-673. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00169-0
  • Tafarodi, R. W., Wild, N., & Ho, C. (2010). Parental authority, nurturance, and two-dimensional self-esteem. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51(4), 294-303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00804.x
  • Tangney, J.P., Boone, A.L., ve Dearing, R. (2005). Forgiving the self: Conceptual issues and empirical findings. E.L. Worthington (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 143-158). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Thompson, L. Y., Snyder, C. R., Hoffman, L., Michael, S. T., Rasmussen, H. N., Billings, L. S., ... & Roberts, D. E. (2005). Dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. Journal of personality, 73(2), 313-360. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00311.x
  • Tolstikova, K. (2010). Emotional functioning and meaning-making in grief [Doctoral Dissertation]. Available. ProQuest Information and Learning. AAINR62692
  • Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological bulletin, 98(2), 219.https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.219
  • Wegscheider-Cruse, S., & Cruse, J. R. (1990). Understanding co-dependency. Health Communications.
  • Worthington Jr, E. L. (2005). Initial questions about the art and science of forgiving. Handbook of forgiveness, 1-13.
  • Worthington, jun, E. L. (1998). An empathy humility commitment model of forgiveness applied within family dyads. Journal of Family Therapy, 20(1), 59-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.00068
  • Yates, J. G., & McDaniel, J. L. (1994). Are you losing yourself in codependency?. AJN The American Journal of Nursing, 94(4), 32-36.
  • Yıldız, M., Dilmaç, B., & Deniz, M. E. (2013). Öğretmen adaylarının sahip oldukları değerler ile benlik saygıları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. İlköğretim Online, 12(3), 740-748.
  • Younger, J. W., Piferi, R. L., Jobe, R. L., & Lawler, K. A. (2004). Dimensions of forgiveness: The views of laypersons. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21(6), 837-855. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407504047843

Does forgiveness play a mediating role in the relationship between self-esteem and codependency?

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 527 - 558, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1163891

Abstract

This study examines the multiple mediation of forgiveness in the relationship between self-esteem and codependency. The participants of the study consist of 520 individuals, 325 of whom are women (65%) and 175 of whom are men (35%). Two dimensional self-esteem, forgiveness and codependency scale were used in the study. According to the results of the study, self-liking and self-competency significantly predict codependency negatively. Self-liking significantly predicts forgiveness of self positively and forgiveness of others and forgiveness of situations negatively. Self-competence significantly predicts forgiveness of self, others and situations positively. Self-liking and self-competence have significant direct effects on codependency. However, this correlation becomes insignificant when mediating variables of forgiveness of self, forgiveness of others and forgiveness of situations are included in the model. This result shows that forgiveness of self, forgiveness of others and forgiveness of situations have a full mediating role. As a result, it can be seen that increasing self-esteem and teaching individuals the skills to forgive are very important in preventing codependency.

References

  • Aðalsteinsson, R. I., Frímannsdóttir, I. B., & Konráðsson, S. (2014). Teachers' self-esteem and self-efficacy. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 58(5), 540-550. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2013.773559
  • Al-Mabuk, R. H., Enright, R. D., & Cardis, P. A. (1995). Forgiveness education with parentally love-deprived late adolescents. Journal of Moral Education, 24(4), 427-444. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724950240405
  • Amaro, L. M. (2012). Diagnosing Dr. House: Codependency, Agency, and Third Wave Contradiction. Western Journal of Communication, 76(5), 520-535. https://doi.org/10.1080/10570314.2012.679983
  • Asıcı, E. (2013). Öğretmen adaylarının affetme özelliklerinin öz-duyarlık ve benlik saygısı açısından incelenmesi [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi.
  • Aydemir, M. & Bayram, N. (2016).Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile yalnızlık, kendini affetme ve kendini sevme değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(1), 81-88.
  • Bachman, L. F. (2004). Statistical analyses for language assessment. Ernst Klett Sprachen.
  • Bagley, C., Bertrand, L., Bolitho, F., & Mallick, K. (2001). Discrepant parent-adolescent views on family functioning: Predictors of poorer self-esteem and problems of emotion and behaviour in British and Canadian adolescents. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 32(3), 393-404. https://doi.org/10.3138/jcfs.32.3.393
  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1986(23-28).
  • Baron, R. M. & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173.
  • Bauer, L., Duffy, J., Fountain, E., Halling, S., Holzer, M., Jones, E., ... & Rowe, J. O. (1992). Exploring self-forgiveness. Journal of Religion and Health, 31(2), 149-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00986793
  • Baumeister, R. F., Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I., & Vohs, K. D. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles?. Psychological science in the public interest, 4(1), 1-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/1529-1006.01431
  • Beane, J. A. (1980). Synthesis of research on self-concept. Educational Leadership, 38(1), 84-89.
  • Beattie, M. (1992). Codependent no more: How to stop controlling others and start caring for yourself. Hazelden Publishing.
  • Beattie, M. (2006). İlişkilerde Bağımlılığa Son. İstanbul: Ganj Yayınları.
  • Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological bulletin, 107(2), 238. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
  • Blatt, S. J. & Zuroff, D. C. (1992). Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition: Two prototypes for depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 12(5): 527-562. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7358(92)90070
  • Boon, S. D., & Sulsky, L. M. (1997). Attributions of blame and forgiveness in romantic relationships: A policy-capturing study. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 12(1), 19.
  • Bueschel, R K. 2010. Development of an implicit measure of dispositional forgiveness [Doctoral dissertation]. Baylor University,
  • Bugay, A., & Demir, A. (2011). Hataya İlişkin Özelliklerin Başkalarını Affetmeyi Yordaması. Turkish Psychological Counseling & Guidance Journal, 4(35).
  • Burnette, J. L., Davis, D. E., Green, J. D., Worthington Jr, E. L., & Bradfield, E. (2009). Insecure attachment and depressive symptoms: The mediating role of rumination, empathy, and forgiveness. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(3), 276-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.10.016
  • Cardi, M. K. (2010). Views of the self and inter‐connectedness as predictors of forgiveness [Doctoral dissertation,]. University of Kentucky,
  • Coleman, J. C., & Hendry, L. B. (1999). The nature of adolescence. Psychology Press.
  • Cooper, M. (1995). Applying the codependency model to a group for families of obsessive-compulsive people. Health & social work, 20(4), 272-278. https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/20.4.272
  • Cox Jr, R. B., Ketner, J. S., & Blow, A. J. (2013). Working with couples and substance abuse: Recommendations for clinical practice. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 41(2), 160-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2012.670608
  • Crothers, M., & Warren, L. W. (1996). Parental antecedents of adult codependency. Journal of clinical psychology, 52(2), 231-239. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199603)52:2<231::AID-JCLP14>3.0.CO;2-L
  • DuBois, D.L., & Flay, B.R. (2004). The healthy pursuit of self-esteem: Comment on and alternative to the Crocker and Park (2004) formulation. Psychological Bulletin, 130, 415–420. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.415
  • Dupree, A. T. W. (2010). The impact of parental codependency on children with mental health conditions. Available in: http://csus-dspace.calstate.edu/xmlui/handle/ 10211.9/404.
  • Dwiwardani, C., Hill, P. C., Bollinger, R. A., Marks, L. E., Steele, J. R., Doolin, H. N., ... & Davis, D. E. (2014). Virtues develop from a secure base: Attachment and resilience as predictors of humility, gratitude, and forgiveness. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 42(1), 83-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/009164711404200109
  • Eaton, J., Struthers, C. W., & Santelli, A. G. (2006). Dispositional and state forgiveness: The role of self-esteem, need for structure, and narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(2), 371-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.02.005
  • Enright, R. D. (1996). Counseling within the forgiveness triad: On forgiving, receiving forgiveness, and self-forgiveness. Counseling and values, 40(2), 107-126. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-007X.1996.tb00844.x
  • Enright, R. D., & Fitzgibbons, R. P. (2000). Helping clients forgive: An empirical guide for resolving anger and restoring hope. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10381-000
  • Enright, R. D., & The Human Development Study Group. (1991). The moral development of forgiveness. In W. Kurtines & J. Gewirtz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development (Vol. 1, pp. 123-152). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Fischer, J. L., & Spann, L. (1991). Measuring codependency. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 8(1), 87-100. https://doi.org/10.1300/J020V08N01_06
  • Forest, A. L., & Wood, J. V. (2012). When social networking is not working: Individuals with low self-esteem recognize but do not reap the benefits of self-disclosure on Facebook. Psychologicalscience, 23(3),295-302. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611429709
  • Fu, H., Watkins, D., & Hui, E. K. P. (2004). Personality correlates of the disposition towards interpersonal forgiveness: A Chinese perspective. International Journal of Psychology, 39(4), 305-316. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207590344000402
  • Fuller, J. A., & Warner, R. M. (2000). Family stressors as predictors of codependency. Genetic Social and General Psychology Monographs, 126(1), 5-24.
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS statistics 26 step by step: A simple guide and reference. Routledge.
  • Gibson, J. M., & Donigian, J. (1993). Use of Bowen theory. Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling, 14(1), 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1874.1993.tb00088.x
  • Gomberg, E. S. (1989). Suicide risk among women with alcohol problems. American Journal of Public Health, 79(10), 1363-1365.
  • Granello, D. H., & Beamish, P. M. (1998). Reconceptualizing codependency in women: A sense of connectedness, not pathology. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 20(4), 344.
  • Greenberg, J. (2008). Understanding the vital human quest for self-esteem. Perspectives on psychological science, 3(1), 48-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2008.00061.x
  • Greene, D. C., & Britton, P. J. (2013). The influence of forgiveness on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning individuals’ shame and self-esteem. Journal of Counseling & Development, 91(2), 195-205. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2013.00086.x
  • Gündüz, Ö. (2014). Üniversite öğrencilerinde affetmeyi yordayan değişkenlerin belirlenmesi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Hall, J. H., & Fincham, F. D. (2005). Self–forgiveness: The stepchild of forgiveness research. Journal of social and clinical psychology, 24(5), 621-637. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2005.24.5.621
  • Harter, S., & Renick, M. J. (1988). Manual for the Self-Perception Profile for learning disabled students. University of Denver.
  • Heatherton, T. F. & Wyland, C. (2003). Assessing self-esteem. Em S. Lopez and R. Snyder, (Eds). Assessing positive psychology (pp. 219-233). Washington, DC: APA.
  • Hewes, R. L., & Janikowski, T. O. (1998). Parental alcoholism and codependency: A comparison of female children of alcoholics and. College Student Journal, 32(1), 140-147.
  • Hoenigmann-Lion, N. M., & Whitehead, G. I. (2007). The relationship between codependency and borderline and dependent personality traits. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 24(4), 55-77. https://doi.org/10.1300/J020v24n04_05
  • Johnson, Q. S. (2010). The relationship among self-esteem, locus of control, and predisposition toward forgiveness in african american and hispanic female college students [Doctoral dissertation]. Texas A & M University-Commerce.
  • King, R. A., Schwab-Stone, M. E., Peterson, B. S., & Thies, A. P. (2000). Psychiatric examination of the infant, child, and adolescent. Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, BJ Sadock.
  • Kline, R. B. (1998). Software review: Software programs for structural equation modeling: Amos, EQS, and LISREL. Journal of psychoeducational assessment, 16(4), 343-364. https://doi.org/10.1177/073428299801600407
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3. press). New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Lancer, D. (2014). Conquering shame and codependency: 8 steps to freeing the true you. Hazelden Publishing.
  • Lancer, D. (2015). Codependency for dummies. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Lawrence, D. (2000). Building self-esteem with adult learners. Thousand Oaks, CA: Paul Chapman.
  • Leary, M. R., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 32, pp. 1-62). Academic Press.
  • Lee, K. H. (2011). The role of spiritual experience, forgiveness, and religious support on the general well-being of older adults. Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging, 23(3), 206-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/15528030.2011.533398
  • Lee, Z. W. Y., & Cheung, C. M. K. (2014). Problematic use of social networking sites: The role of self-esteem. International Journal of Business and Information, 9(2), 143.
  • Loring, S., & Cowan, G. (1997). Codependency: An interpersonal phenomenon. Sex roles, 36(1), 115-123.
  • Maltby, J., Day, L., & Barber, L. (2004). Forgiveness and mental health variables: Interpreting the relationship using an adaptational-continuum model of personality and coping. Personality and Individual Differences, 37(8), 1629-1641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.02.017
  • Marks, A. D., Blore, R. L., Hine, D. W., & Dear, G. E. (2012). Development and validation of a revised measure of codependency. Australian Journal of Psychology, 64(3), 119-127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-9536.2011.00034.x
  • Maynard, C., Piferi, R. L., & Jobe, R. L. (2016). Role of supportive others in the forgiveness process. Counseling and Values, 61(1), 28-43. https://doi.org/10.1002/cvj.12024
  • McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K. C., Sandage, S. J., Worthington Jr, E. L., Brown, S. W., & Hight, T. L. (1998). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships: II. Theoretical elaboration and measurement. Journal of personality and social psychology, 75(6), 1586. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.6.1586
  • Mellody, P. (1989). A brief history of codependence and a look at the psychological literature. Facing codependence. New York: Harper San Francisco; 1989: 207–217
  • Mogonea, F. R., & Mogonea, F. (2014). The role of the family in building adolescents’ self-esteem. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 127, 189-193.
  • Moksnes, U. K., Moljord, I. E., Espnes, G. A., & Byrne, D. G. (2010). The association between stress and emotional states in adolescents: The role of gender and self-esteem. Personality and individual differences, 49(5), 430-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.04.012
  • Musekura, C. (2010. An assessment of contemporary models of forgiveness, New York: Peter Lang. North, J. (1987). Wrongdoing and forgiveness. Philosophy, 62(242), 499-508.
  • O'Brien, P. E., & Gaborit, M. (1992). Codependency: A disorder separate from chemical dependency. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 48(1), 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199201)48:1<129::AID-JCLP2270480118>3.0.CO;2-C
  • Pollack, D., L. (1992). A Study of Developmental Precursors to Codependency and Cross-Generational Correlations of Psychological Functioning In Mothers and Adult Daughters [Doctoral dissertation]. California School of Professional Psychology.
  • Reed, G.L. and Enright, R.D. (2006). The Effects of forgiveness therapy on depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress for women after spousal emotional abuse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74 (5), 920– 929. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.74.5.920
  • Rijavec, M., Brdar, I., & Miljkovic, D. (2011). Aspirations and well-being: Extrinsic vs. intrinsic life goals. Drustvena istrazivanja, 20(3), 693.
  • Rosenak, C.M. & Harnden, G.M. (1992). Forgiveness in the psychotherapeutic process: clinical applications. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 11 (2), 188-197.
  • Ross, S. R., Hertenstein, M. J., & Wrobel, T. A. (2007). Maladaptive correlates of the failure to forgive self and others: Further evidence for a two-component model of forgiveness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88(2), 158-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890701267985
  • Rusnáková, M. (2014). Codependency of the members of a family of an alcohol addict. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 132, 647-653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.367
  • Schreiber, J. B., Nora, A., Stage, F. K., Barlow, E. A., & King, J. (2006). Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: A review. The Journal of educational research, 99(6), 323-338. https://doi.org/10.3200/JOER.99.6.323-338
  • Schröder-Abé, M., Rudolph, A., & Schütz, A. (2007). High implicit self-esteem is not necessarily advantageous: Discrepancies between explicit and implicit self‐esteem and their relationship with anger expression and psychological health. European Journal of Personality: Published for the European Association of Personality Psychology, 21(3), 319-339. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.626
  • Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (1996). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. Hilsdale. U.: Erlbaum. Seaton, C. L., & Beaumont, S. L. (2014). Exploring the links between identity styles and forgiveness in university students. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 46(3), 366. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032009
  • Self, J. S. (2010). Codependency among nurses: A comparison by substance use disorder and other selected variables [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Alabama Libraries.
  • Sharma, S., & Agarwala, S. (2014). Self-esteem and collective self-esteem as predictors of depression. Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 24(1), 21-28.
  • Sioui, N. & Tousignant, M. (2009). Resilience and aboriginal communities in crisis: theory and interventions. Journal of Aboriginal Health, 5 (1), 43. https://doi.org/10.3138/ijih.v5i1.28977
  • Stafford, L. L. (2001). Is codependency a meaningful concept?. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 22(3), 273-286. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840121607
  • Strelan, P. (2007a). Who forgives others, themselves, and situations? The roles of narcissism, guilt, self-esteem, and agreeableness. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(2), 259-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.06.017
  • Strelan, P. (2007b). The prosocial, adaptive qualities of just world beliefs: Implications for the relationship between justice and forgiveness. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(4), 881-890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.02.015
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 5, pp. 481-498). Boston, MA: Pearson.
  • Tafarodi, R. W. (1998). Paradoxical self-esteem and selectivity in the processing of social information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1181. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1181
  • Tafarodi, R. W., & Swann Jr, W. B. (1995). Self-linking and self-competence as dimensions of global self-esteem: initial validation of a measure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 65(2), 322-342. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6502_8 Tafarodi, R. W., & Swann Jr, W. B. (2001). Two-dimensional self-esteem: Theory and measurement. Personality and individual Differences, 31(5), 653-673. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00169-0
  • Tafarodi, R. W., Wild, N., & Ho, C. (2010). Parental authority, nurturance, and two-dimensional self-esteem. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51(4), 294-303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00804.x
  • Tangney, J.P., Boone, A.L., ve Dearing, R. (2005). Forgiving the self: Conceptual issues and empirical findings. E.L. Worthington (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 143-158). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Thompson, L. Y., Snyder, C. R., Hoffman, L., Michael, S. T., Rasmussen, H. N., Billings, L. S., ... & Roberts, D. E. (2005). Dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. Journal of personality, 73(2), 313-360. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00311.x
  • Tolstikova, K. (2010). Emotional functioning and meaning-making in grief [Doctoral Dissertation]. Available. ProQuest Information and Learning. AAINR62692
  • Watson, D., & Tellegen, A. (1985). Toward a consensual structure of mood. Psychological bulletin, 98(2), 219.https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.219
  • Wegscheider-Cruse, S., & Cruse, J. R. (1990). Understanding co-dependency. Health Communications.
  • Worthington Jr, E. L. (2005). Initial questions about the art and science of forgiving. Handbook of forgiveness, 1-13.
  • Worthington, jun, E. L. (1998). An empathy humility commitment model of forgiveness applied within family dyads. Journal of Family Therapy, 20(1), 59-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.00068
  • Yates, J. G., & McDaniel, J. L. (1994). Are you losing yourself in codependency?. AJN The American Journal of Nursing, 94(4), 32-36.
  • Yıldız, M., Dilmaç, B., & Deniz, M. E. (2013). Öğretmen adaylarının sahip oldukları değerler ile benlik saygıları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. İlköğretim Online, 12(3), 740-748.
  • Younger, J. W., Piferi, R. L., Jobe, R. L., & Lawler, K. A. (2004). Dimensions of forgiveness: The views of laypersons. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21(6), 837-855. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407504047843
There are 97 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Family Sociology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yüksel Erdogdu 0000-0001-6403-5630

Ayşe Turanlı 0000-0001-9368-7363

Publication Date December 31, 2023
Submission Date August 18, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 13 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Erdogdu, Y., & Turanlı, A. (2023). Benlik Saygısı ile İlişki Bağımlılığı Arasındaki İlişkide Affetme Bir Aracı Mıdır?. Adam Academy Journal of Social Sciences, 13(2), 527-558. https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.1163891

images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTN-vWKCuoNo-WpljX6S59qN7Q5NGFxOd_U8Y5MPhMyM_LaIhk-tg

All articles published on ADAM ACADEMY are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. This license grants you the right to reproduce, share and disseminate data mining applications, search engines, websites, blogs and all other platforms, provided that all published articles, data sets, graphics and attachments are cited. Open access is an approach that facilitates interdisciplinary communication and encourages different disciplines to work with each other.

ADAM ACADEMY provides added value to its field by offering more access and more transparent evaluation process to its articles in this direction.