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İSRAİL’İN FİLİSTİN TOPRAKLARINI İŞGALİ: GAZZELİLERİN SU HAKKININ İHLAL EDİLMESİNİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2024, Sayı: ÖZEL SAYI 2 (GAZZE), 282 - 308, 10.05.2024

Öz

Filistinli İslami direniş hareketi Hamas tarafından, Müslüman kadınlara yönelik kabul edilemez saldırıları, Kudüs’teki Mescid-i Aksa’nın kutsiyetine saygısızlık etmesi ve Gazze’yi abluka altına alması nedeniyle İsrail’e karşı 7 Ekim 2023 tarihinde El Aksa Tufanı operasyonu yapılmıştır. İsrail tarafı ise Hamas’ın operasyonuna karşılık olarak Demir Kılıçlar operasyonunu başlatmıştır. Her ne kadar İsrail, operasyonunun amacının Hamas’ın Gazze’deki askeri altyapısı yok etmek olduğunu iddia etmişse de İsrailli üst düzey yetkililerin yaptığı açıklamalar Tel Aviv yönetiminin aslında farklı bir amacı olduğunu göstermiştir. İsrail savunma bakanı Yoav Gallant tarafından Filistinliler insan formundaki hayvanlar olarak tanımlanmıştır. İsrail başbakanı Benyamin Netanyahu ise Gazzelileri, eski ahitte adı geçen ve Tanrı’nın İsraillilere yok etmesini emrettiği Amalek kavmine benzetmiştir. İsrailli üst düzey politika yapıcıların kullanmış olduğu bu ve benzeri ifadeler Tel Aviv yönetiminin Filistinlilere yönelik soykırım amacıyla saldırıda bulunduğuna işaret etmektedir. İsrail’in Gazze’deki Filistinlilerine yönelik aşağılayıcı söylemlerde bulunmasının yanı sıra bölgeye yönelik tüm hayati malzemeleri kesmesiyle birlikte zaten uzun zamandır devam eden temiz suya erişim sorunu da tekrar dikkatleri çekmiştir. İsrail’in Gazzeli yüzbinlerce masum sivili su hakkından mahrum etmesi ve dolayısıyla Gazzelilerin temiz, içilebilir ve güvenli su kaynaklarına erişmesini engellemesi aynı zamanda insanlığa karşı işlenmiş suç olarak da değerlendirilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, uluslararası insancıl hukuk, uluslararası insan hakları hukuku ve uluslararası antlaşmalar hukuku kapsamında işgalci İsrail’in Filistinlilerin en temel insan haklarından biri olarak kabul edilen su hakkını nasıl ihlal ettiği incelenecektir.

Kaynakça

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  • Anadolu Ajansı. (2024, Şubat 21). AA tarafından "Gazze'de Soykırım: Yeni Kanıtlar" paneli düzenlendi . Anadolu Ajansı: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/aa-tarafindan-gazzede-soykirim-yeni-kanitlar-paneli-duzenlendi/3141507
  • Bahtic, F. (2023, October 16). US and UK sending forces to Eastern Mediterranean to support Israel . Naval Today: https://www.navaltoday.com/2023/10/16/us-and-uk-sending-forces-to-eastern-mediterranean-to-support-israel/
  • Braig, K. F. (2018). The European Court of Human Rights and the right to clean water and sanitation. Water Policy, 20(2), 282–307.
  • Case Concerning Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda), 116 (International Court of Justice December 19, 2005).
  • Case Concerning East Timor (Portugal v. Australia), General List No. 84 ( International Court of Justice June 30, 1995).
  • Cohen, R. S., & Gentile, G. (2023, October 23). The Four Questions the U.S. Military Should Be Asking About Operation Swords of Iron. The Rand Blog: https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2023/10/the-four-questions-the-us-military-should-be-asking.html
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  • Customary International Humanitarian Law. (n.d.). Customary International Humanitarian Law. International Committee of Red Cross: https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/customary-ihl/v1
  • De Simone, D., & Davies, A. (2023, December 29). South Africa files ICJ case accusing Israel of 'genocidal acts' . BBC : https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-67844551 adresinden alındı
  • Geneva Water Hub. (n.d.). The Geneva List of Principles on the Protection of Water Infrastructure . Geneva Water Hub: https://www.genevawaterhub.org/resource/geneva-list-principles-protection-water-infrastructure
  • Graham-Harrison, E. (2023, December 24). Israeli airstrike kills Gaza aid worker and 70 of his extended family, UN says . The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/23/israeli-airstrike-kills-gaza-aid-worker-and-70-of-his-extended-family-un-says
  • Human Rights Watch. (2023, October 21). Israel: Immediately Restore Electricity, Water, Aid to Gaza. Human Rights Watch: https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/10/21/israel-immediately-restore-electricity-water-aid-gaza
  • International Committee Of The Red Cross. (2023, October 7). Israel and the occupied territories: ICRC calls for immediate protection of civilians after horrific violence. International Committee Of The Red Cross: https://www.icrc.org/en/document/israel-and-occupied-territories-icrc-calls-immediate-protection-civilians-after-horrific
  • International Committee Of The Red Cross. (2023, October 10). Israel and the occupied territories: Targeting civilians leads to further spirals of violence and hatred. International Committee Of The Red Cross: https://www.icrc.org/en/document/israel-and-occupied-territories-targeting-civilians-leads-further-spirals-violence-and-hatred#:~:text=Foundations%20and%20trusts-,Israel%20and%20the%20Occupied%20Territories%3A%20Targeting%20civilians%20leads%20to%20furthe
  • International Court of Justice. (2004, July 9). Advisory Opinion. International Court of Justice: https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/131/131-20040709-ADV-01-00-EN.pdf
  • International Court of Justice. (2022, March 16). International Court of Justice preliminary decision in Ukraine v Russia (2022). European Parliament : https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2022/729350/EPRS_ATA(2022)729350_EN.pdf?utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Africa%20Brief%20-%2001102024&utm_term=africa_brief
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  • Lanard, N. (2023, November 3). The Dangerous History Behind Netanyahu’s Amalek Rhetoric . Mother Jones: https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2023/11/benjamin-netanyahu-amalek-israel-palestine-gaza-saul-samuel-old-testament/?utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Africa%20Brief%20-%2001102024&utm_term=africa_brief
  • Lindgren, T. (2018). Ecocide, genocide and the disregard of alternative life-systems. The International Journal of Human Rights, 22(4), 525-549.
  • Medet, H. İ. (2023, October 23). Israel paints Palestinians as 'animals' to legitimize war crimes: Israeli scholar . AA: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/israel-paints-palestinians-as-animals-to-legitimize-war-crimes-israeli-scholar/3030278
  • Middle East Eye. (2023, October 9). Israel-Palestine war: 'We are fighting human animals', Israeli defence minister says . Middle East Eye: https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-palestine-war-fighting-human-animals-defence-minister
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Israel’s Occupation of Palestinian Territories: Assessing the Violation of the Right to Water of Gazans in Terms of International Law

Yıl 2024, Sayı: ÖZEL SAYI 2 (GAZZE), 282 - 308, 10.05.2024

Öz

The Al-Aqsa Flood operation was carried out by the Palestinian Islamic resistance movement Hamas on October 7, 2023 against Israel due to its unacceptable attacks on Muslim women, disrespect of the sanctity of the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem and the blockade of Gaza. The Israeli side launched the Swords of Iron operation in response to Hamas' operation. Although Israel claimed that the purpose of the operation was to destroy Hamas's military infrastructure in Gaza, the statements made by senior Israeli officials showed that the Tel Aviv administration actually had a different purpose. Israeli defense minister Yoav Gallant described the Palestinians as human animals. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu likened the people of Gaza to the tribe of Amalek, which was mentioned in the Old Testament and whom God commanded the Israelis to destroy. These and similar statements used by senior Israeli policy makers indicate that the Tel Aviv administration is carrying out a genocidal attack against the Palestinians. Israel prevented the supply of fuel, electricity, water, food and medical supplies to Gaza immediately after October 7. In the attacks carried out by Israel, more than 20 thousand civilians, mostly women and children, were killed in Gaza. In the attacks that took place since October 7, 2023, one in every hundred people in Gaza was killed by Israel, and two in every ten buildings were damaged by Israel. It is stated that if Israel continues its heavy blockade of Gaza, more Palestinians may die due to reasons such as hunger and disease than those who lost their lives in the attacks. Approximately 2 million Palestinians, constituting 85 percent of Gaza's population, were displaced due to Israeli attacks. Israel destroyed Gaza's infrastructure. 2 out of every 3 hospitals in Gaza have been rendered unusable by Israel. The conditions in currently operating hospitals are inadequate in terms of hygiene standards. According to the data of the United Nations World Food Program, 80 percent of the people at risk of dying of hunger worldwide are currently in Gaza. According to World Health Organization data, under current conditions in Gaza, there is 1 toilet for every 220 Palestinian civilians and 1 shower for every 4500 Palestinian civilians. Seawater desalination facilities in Gaza are not working due to Israel cutting off electricity and fuel. For this reason, displaced Gazans have access to only 2 liters of water to meet all their daily needs. It attracts the attention of the international community that Israel violates one of the most fundamental human rights, the right to water. In addition to Israel making derogatory statements towards the Palestinians in Gaza and cutting off all vital supplies to the region, the long-standing problem of access to clean water has attracted attention again. It can be stated that the water problem that emerged with Israel's occupation of Palestinian territories has been an important problem for a long time. According to World Bank data, water reserves in Gaza have been at crisis level since 2005. According to a calculation made by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), only 10 percent of the Palestinian population in Gaza has access to clean and drinkable water resources.

Kaynakça

  • 26 JANUARY 2024 ORDER APPLICATION OF THE CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE IN THE GAZA STRIP (SOUTH AFRICA v. ISRAEL) , 192 (INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE Ocak 26, 2024).
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  • Braig, K. F. (2018). The European Court of Human Rights and the right to clean water and sanitation. Water Policy, 20(2), 282–307.
  • Case Concerning Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda), 116 (International Court of Justice December 19, 2005).
  • Case Concerning East Timor (Portugal v. Australia), General List No. 84 ( International Court of Justice June 30, 1995).
  • Cohen, R. S., & Gentile, G. (2023, October 23). The Four Questions the U.S. Military Should Be Asking About Operation Swords of Iron. The Rand Blog: https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2023/10/the-four-questions-the-us-military-should-be-asking.html
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  • Graham-Harrison, E. (2023, December 24). Israeli airstrike kills Gaza aid worker and 70 of his extended family, UN says . The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/23/israeli-airstrike-kills-gaza-aid-worker-and-70-of-his-extended-family-un-says
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  • Peters, J. (2010). The Gaza Disengagement: Five Years Later. Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, 4(3), s. 33-44.
  • Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I). (1977, June 8). Article 90 - International Fact-Finding Commission . International Committee of Red Cross: https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/api-1977/article-90
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  • Sassoli, M. (2023, October 30). ISRAEL – HAMAS 2023 SYMPOSIUM – ASSESSING THE CONDUCT OF HOSTILITIES IN GAZA – DIFFICULTIES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS. Lieber Institute West Point: https://lieber.westpoint.edu/assessing-conduct-hostilities-gaza-difficulties-possible-solutions/
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  • The Economist. (2023, October 14). Southern Gaza could become more densely populated than Delhi. The Economist: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2023/10/14/southern-gaza-could-become-more-densely-populated-than-delhi
  • THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN INTERIM AGREEMENT-Annex III. (1995, September 28). THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN INTERIM AGREEMENT-Annex III . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel: https://www.gov.il/en/Departments/General/the-israeli-palestinian-interim-agreement-annex-iii
  • TRT Haber. (2024, January 12). Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan: Bizim teslim ettiğimiz belgelerle İsrail mahkum olacak . TRT Haber: https://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/cumhurbaskani-erdogan-bizim-teslim-ettigimiz-belgelerle-israil-mahkum-olacak-828502.html
  • UN Environment Programme. (2020). State of Environment and Outlook Report for the occupied Palestinian territory 2020. Nairobi: UN Environment Programme.
  • UN General Assembly. (1998, July 17). Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. International Criminal Court: https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf
  • UN General Assembly. (2010, October 6). 15/9 Human rights and access to safe drinking water and sanitation . United Nations: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G10/166/33/PDF/G1016633.pdf?OpenElement
  • UN General Assembly. (2016, February 22). The human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation. United Nations: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N15/442/72/PDF/N1544272.pdf?OpenElement
  • UN Human Right Council . (2017, April 13). Annual report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and reports of the Office of the High Commissioner and the Secretary-General Human rights situation in Palestine and other occupied Arab territories. UN Human Right Council : https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G17/091/86/PDF/G1709186.pdf?OpenElement
  • UN Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner. (2014, February 6). “Deprival of food, water, shelter and medical care – a method of war in Syria, and a crime against humanity”. United Nations : https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2014/02/deprival-food-water-shelter-and-medical-care-method-war-syria-and-crime
  • UN Security Council. (2021, April 27). Resolution 2573 (2021). United Nations: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N21/104/98/PDF/N2110498.pdf?OpenElement
  • UNICEF. (2023, December 20). ‘Barely a drop to drink’: children in the Gaza Strip do not access 90 per cent of their normal water use. UNICEF: https://www.unicef.org/turkiye/en/press-releases/barely-drop-drink-children-gaza-strip-do-not-access-90-cent-their-normal-water-use
  • United Nations. (2019, September 20). Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories. United Nations: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N19/288/60/PDF/N1928860.pdf?OpenElement
  • United Nations General Assembly. (2023, October 26). Illegal Israeli actions in Occupied East Jerusalem and the rest of the Occupied Palestinian Territory. United Nations: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/LTD/N23/319/20/PDF/N2331920.pdf?OpenElement
  • United Nations Human Rights Council. (2021). Annual report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and reports of the Office of the High Commissioner and the Secretary-General. New York: United Nations.
  • United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. (n.d.). Electricity in the Gaza Strip . United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs: https://www.ochaopt.org/page/gaza-strip-electricity-supply
  • UNRWA. (2023, October 14). A Matter of Life and Death: Water Runs Out For 2 Million People in Gaza. UNRWA: https://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/official-statements/matter-life-and-death-water-runs-out-2-million-people-gaza
  • UNRWA. (2023, August n.d.). Gaza Strip. UNRWA: https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/gaza-strip
  • van den Berg, S., Deutsch, A., & Sterling, T. (2024, January 11). At ICJ, South Africa accuses Israel of genocide in Gaza. Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-safrica-face-off-un-top-court-gaza-genocide-case-2024-01-11/?utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=World%20Brief%20-%2001112024&utm_term=world_brief
  • Wintour, P. (2024, January 4). Stakes high as South Africa brings claim of genocidal intent against Israel . The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/04/stakes-high-as-south-africa-brings-claim-of-genocidal-intent-against-israel?utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Africa%20Brief%20-%2001102024&utm_term=africa_brief
  • World Bank Group. (2018, August 31). Publication: Toward Water Security for Palestinians: West Bank and Gaza Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene Poverty Diagnostic . World Bank Group: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/414a420d-e248-50ee-be8e-de0c45eee76b adresinden alındı
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hukuk (Diğer)
Bölüm ÖZEL SAYI 2 (GAZZE)
Yazarlar

Fatih Tuna 0000-0001-7140-9207

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 10 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Mayıs 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 10 Mayıs 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: ÖZEL SAYI 2 (GAZZE)

Kaynak Göster

APA Tuna, F. (2024). İSRAİL’İN FİLİSTİN TOPRAKLARINI İŞGALİ: GAZZELİLERİN SU HAKKININ İHLAL EDİLMESİNİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Ombudsman Akademik(ÖZEL SAYI 2 (GAZZE), 282-308.
AMA Tuna F. İSRAİL’İN FİLİSTİN TOPRAKLARINI İŞGALİ: GAZZELİLERİN SU HAKKININ İHLAL EDİLMESİNİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. OA. Mayıs 2024;(ÖZEL SAYI 2 (GAZZE):282-308.
Chicago Tuna, Fatih. “İSRAİL’İN FİLİSTİN TOPRAKLARINI İŞGALİ: GAZZELİLERİN SU HAKKININ İHLAL EDİLMESİNİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Ombudsman Akademik, sy. ÖZEL SAYI 2 (GAZZE) (Mayıs 2024): 282-308.
EndNote Tuna F (01 Mayıs 2024) İSRAİL’İN FİLİSTİN TOPRAKLARINI İŞGALİ: GAZZELİLERİN SU HAKKININ İHLAL EDİLMESİNİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. Ombudsman Akademik ÖZEL SAYI 2 (GAZZE) 282–308.
IEEE F. Tuna, “İSRAİL’İN FİLİSTİN TOPRAKLARINI İŞGALİ: GAZZELİLERİN SU HAKKININ İHLAL EDİLMESİNİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”, OA, sy. ÖZEL SAYI 2 (GAZZE), ss. 282–308, Mayıs 2024.
ISNAD Tuna, Fatih. “İSRAİL’İN FİLİSTİN TOPRAKLARINI İŞGALİ: GAZZELİLERİN SU HAKKININ İHLAL EDİLMESİNİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Ombudsman Akademik ÖZEL SAYI 2 (GAZZE) (Mayıs 2024), 282-308.
JAMA Tuna F. İSRAİL’İN FİLİSTİN TOPRAKLARINI İŞGALİ: GAZZELİLERİN SU HAKKININ İHLAL EDİLMESİNİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. OA. 2024;:282–308.
MLA Tuna, Fatih. “İSRAİL’İN FİLİSTİN TOPRAKLARINI İŞGALİ: GAZZELİLERİN SU HAKKININ İHLAL EDİLMESİNİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ”. Ombudsman Akademik, sy. ÖZEL SAYI 2 (GAZZE), 2024, ss. 282-08.
Vancouver Tuna F. İSRAİL’İN FİLİSTİN TOPRAKLARINI İŞGALİ: GAZZELİLERİN SU HAKKININ İHLAL EDİLMESİNİN ULUSLARARASI HUKUK AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. OA. 2024(ÖZEL SAYI 2 (GAZZE):282-308.