Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 215 - 225, 25.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1259307

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abate, M., Christidis, P., & Purwanto, A. J. (2020). Government support to airlines in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Air Transport Management, 89, 101931.
  • Atalan, A., & Atalan, Y. A. (2022). Analysis of the Impact of Air Transportation on the Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic. In Challenges and Opportunities for Transportation Services in the Post-COVID-19 Era (pp. 68-87). IGI Global.
  • Athanasiadou, C., & Theriou, G. (2021). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Employee Outcomes in the Aviation Industry during the COVID-19 Pandemic Era. A Conceptual Framework. Management and Business Research Quarterly, 18.
  • Avcı, S., Çengel, Ö., & Kibritci Artar, O. (2022). Implications of COVID-19 pandemic on air cargo transportation.
  • Bao, X., Ji, P., Lin, W., Perc, M., & Kurths, J. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on the worldwide air transportation network. Royal Society open science, 8(11), 210682.
  • Battisti, E., Giachino, C., Iaia, L., Stylianou, I., & Papatheodorou, A. (2022). Air transport and mood in younger generations: The role of travel significance and COVID-19. Journal of Air Transport Management, 102230.
  • Calderon-Tellez, J. A., & Herrera, M. M. (2021). Appraising the impact of air transport on the environment: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. Transportation research interdisciplinary perspectives, 10, 100351.
  • Çitilci, T., & Akbalık, M. (2020). The importance of PESTEL analysis for environmental scanning process. In Handbook of Research on Decision-Making Techniques in Financial Marketing (pp. 336-357).
  • Daon, Y., Thompson, R. N., & Obolski, U. (2020). Estimating COVID-19 outbreak risk through air travel. Journal of travel medicine, 27(5), taaa093.
  • Deveci, M., Çiftçi, M. E., Akyurt, İ. Z., & Gonzalez, E. D. S. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the Turkish civil aviation industry. Sustainable Operations and Computers, 3, 93-102.
  • Dursun, S., Sagdic, M., & Toros, H. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 measures on air quality in Turkey. Environmental Forensics, 23(1-2), 47-59.
  • Fahey, L., & Narayanan, V. K. (1986). Macroenvironmental analysis for strategic management (The west series in strategic management). St. Paul, Minnesota: West Publishing Company.
  • Gregoric, M. (2014). PESTEL analysis of tourism destinations in the perspective of business tourism (MICE). In Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management in Opatija. Biennial International Congress. Tourism & Hospitality Industry (p. 551).
  • Grewe, V., Gangoli Rao, A., Grönstedt, T., Xisto, C., Linke, F., Melkert, J., Middel, J., Ohlenforst, B., Blakey, S., & Christie, S. (2021). Evaluating the climate impact of aviation emission scenarios towards the Paris agreement including COVID-19 effects. Nature Communications, 12(1), 1-10.
  • Heiets, I., & Yibing, X. (2021). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Aviation Industry. Journal of Aviation, 5(2), 111-126.
  • Ho, J. K.-K. (2014). Formulation of a systemic PEST analysis for strategic analysis. European academic research, 2(5), 6478-6492.
  • IATA. (2020). Interactive Coronavirus (Covid-19) Travel Regulations Map (Powered by Timatic). IATA. Retrieved 31 May 2020 from https://www.iatatravelcentre.com/ international-travel-document-news/1580226297.htm
  • IATA. (2022 December). Industry Statistics (Fact Sheet). https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/ economic-reports/global-outlook-for-air-transport-december-2022-data-tables/
  • IATA. (2022b) Understanding the pandemic's impact on the aviation value chain, McKinsy Company Report, https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications /economic-reports/understanding-the-pandemics- impact-on-the-aviation-value-chain/
  • IATA. (2023). International air connectivity closing in on pre-COVID levels. https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/ publications/economic-reports/international-air-connectivity-closing-in-on-pre-covid-levels/
  • Irfan, M., Ahmad, M., Fareed, Z., Iqbal, N., Sharif, A., & Wu, H. (2022). On the indirect environmental outcomes of COVID-19: short-term revival with futuristic long-term implications. International journal of environmental health research, 32(6), 1271-1281.
  • Kang, C., & Disemadi, H. S. (2021). The COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak Impact And Prevention From Legal Perspective: An Indonesian Experience. CoMBInES-Conference on Management, Business, Innovation, Education and Social Sciences,
  • Kaya, S., Khan, M. D., & Mujtaba, A. (2021). A review of legal impacts of COVID-19 studies: Trends and future challenges. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 15(8), 511-520.
  • Kökény, L., Kenesei, Z., & Neszveda, G. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 on different business models of European airlines. Current issues in tourism, 25(3), 458-474.
  • Kurnaz, S., & Žilinskienė, D. (2022). The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Future of Aviation. In Digitalization and the Impacts of COVID-19 on the Aviation Industry (pp. 53-72). IGI Global.
  • Lamb, T. L., Ruskin, K. J., Rice, S., Khorassani, L., Winter, S. R., & Truong, D. (2021). A qualitative analysis of social and emotional perspectives of airline passengers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Air Transport Management, 94, 102079.
  • Li, J., Huang, C., Wang, Z., Yuan, B., & Peng, F. (2020). The airline transport regulation and development of public health crisis in megacities of China. Journal of Transport & Health, 19, 100959.
  • Matović, I. M. (2020, September). PESTEL Analysis of External Environment as a Success Factor of Startup Business. In ConScienS Conference Proceedings (pp. 96-102).
  • Metehan, A., Eroğlu, Y., & Seçkiner, S. (2021). COVID-19 Krizinde Operasyonel Aksaklık Altındaki Havayolu Şirketlerinin Stratejik ve Finansal Karar Faktörlerinin Analizi. Havacılık ve Uzay Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 70-88.
  • Nižetić, S. (2020). Impact of coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic on air transport mobility, energy, and environment: A case study. International Journal of Energy Research, 44(13), 10953-10961.
  • OAG. (2022). COVID-19 AIR TRAVEL RECOVERY. Official Aviation Guide. https://www.oag.com/coronavirus-airline- schedules-data
  • Onianwa, O. I. (2022). COVID-19 Pandemic and Air Transport Business in Nigeria: An Analysis. In Global Air Transport Management and Reshaping Business Models for the New Era (pp. 20-38). IGI Global.
  • Perez, R., & Camargo, A. C. (2022). The Economic Impact of COVID-19 in the Air Transportation Industry: Estimates From a Regional Input-Output Model. In Challenges and Opportunities for Transportation Services in the Post-COVID-19 Era (pp. 88-103). IGI Global.
  • Rachmat, M. N., & Susetio, W. (2021). Legal Analysis in Airlines Business Over Middle of Covid-19 Pandemic at Indonesia. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic, 5(4), 315-320.
  • Sammut-Bonnici, T., & Galea, D. (2014). PEST analysis.
  • Serrano, F., & Kazda, A. (2020). The future of airports post COVID-19. Journal of Air Transport Management, 89, 101900.
  • Sim, M., Kim, H., & Choe, Y. (2022). Does COVID-19 induce stress influence job insecurity, general job stress, pro- social service behavior at work place?: A case of aviation industry. 한국관광학회 국제학술발표대회집, 91, 827-828.
  • Sobieralski, J. B. (2020). COVID-19 and airline employment: Insights from historical uncertainty shocks to the industry. Transportation research interdisciplinary perspectives, 5, 100123.
  • Song, J., Sun, Y., & Jin, L. (2017). PESTEL analysis of the development of the waste-to-energy incineration industry in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 80, 276-289.
  • Su, M., Hu, B., Luan, W., & Tian, C. (2022). Effects of COVID-19 on China's civil aviation passenger transport market. Research in Transportation Economics, 101217.
  • Sun, X., Wandelt, S., & Zhang, A. (2021). Technological and educational challenges towards pandemic-resilient aviation. Transport Policy, 114, 104-115.
  • Sun, X., Wandelt, S., Zheng, C., & Zhang, A. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and air transportation: Successfully navigating the paper hurricane. Journal of Air Transport Management, 94, 102062.
  • Vieira, J. P. B., Braga, C. K. V., & Pereira, R. H. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 on air passenger demand and CO2 emissions in Brazil. Energy Policy, 164, 112906.
  • Vo, T. D., & Tran, M. D. (2021). The impact of covid-19 pandemic on the global trade. Int. J. Soc. Sci. Econ. Invent, 7, 1-7.
  • Warnock-Smith, D., Graham, A., O'Connell, J. F., & Efthymiou, M. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on air transport passenger markets: Examining evidence from the Chinese market. Journal of Air Transport Management, 94, 102085.
  • Yüksel, I. (2012). Developing a multi-criteria decision making model for PESTEL analysis. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(24), 52.
  • Zimmerling, A., & Chen, X. (2021). Innovation and possible long-term impact driven by COVID-19: Manufacturing, personal protective equipment and digital technologies. Technology in Society, 65, 101541.

A PESTEL Analysis of The Impacts of COVID-19 Crisis on Air Transportation Sector's Future

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 215 - 225, 25.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1259307

Öz

In this study, the Covid-19 pandemic, which has significantly impacted the aviation industry, is examined from six external factors including political, economic, sociological, technological, environmental, and legal using a PESTEL analysis. Initially, flight restrictions were implemented due to the Covid-19 pandemic, and airline companies were also affected by government-imposed social distancing measures. Economically, the Covid-19 pandemic has been particularly damaging to passenger transportation, with some countries experiencing a recovery but others facing employment issues in the industry. Sociologically, there has been an increase in reluctance to fly and changes in consumer behavior and habits, with a decrease in demand for unnecessary products. This process has also led to a number of positive developments from a technological standpoint, such as the rapid development and deployment of new vaccines and health monitoring technologies, as well as a decrease in emissions from the industry. This study is original in its examination of the Covid-19 pandemic impacts on the aviation industry using a PESTEL analysis. Based on the study's findings, strategies should focus on restructuring the aviation industry for Covid-19 pandemic readiness and recovery, including promoting restructured travel packages, low-cost flights, and popular routes. Emphasis on energy efficiency and environmental sustainability is crucial.

Kaynakça

  • Abate, M., Christidis, P., & Purwanto, A. J. (2020). Government support to airlines in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Air Transport Management, 89, 101931.
  • Atalan, A., & Atalan, Y. A. (2022). Analysis of the Impact of Air Transportation on the Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic. In Challenges and Opportunities for Transportation Services in the Post-COVID-19 Era (pp. 68-87). IGI Global.
  • Athanasiadou, C., & Theriou, G. (2021). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Employee Outcomes in the Aviation Industry during the COVID-19 Pandemic Era. A Conceptual Framework. Management and Business Research Quarterly, 18.
  • Avcı, S., Çengel, Ö., & Kibritci Artar, O. (2022). Implications of COVID-19 pandemic on air cargo transportation.
  • Bao, X., Ji, P., Lin, W., Perc, M., & Kurths, J. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on the worldwide air transportation network. Royal Society open science, 8(11), 210682.
  • Battisti, E., Giachino, C., Iaia, L., Stylianou, I., & Papatheodorou, A. (2022). Air transport and mood in younger generations: The role of travel significance and COVID-19. Journal of Air Transport Management, 102230.
  • Calderon-Tellez, J. A., & Herrera, M. M. (2021). Appraising the impact of air transport on the environment: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. Transportation research interdisciplinary perspectives, 10, 100351.
  • Çitilci, T., & Akbalık, M. (2020). The importance of PESTEL analysis for environmental scanning process. In Handbook of Research on Decision-Making Techniques in Financial Marketing (pp. 336-357).
  • Daon, Y., Thompson, R. N., & Obolski, U. (2020). Estimating COVID-19 outbreak risk through air travel. Journal of travel medicine, 27(5), taaa093.
  • Deveci, M., Çiftçi, M. E., Akyurt, İ. Z., & Gonzalez, E. D. S. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the Turkish civil aviation industry. Sustainable Operations and Computers, 3, 93-102.
  • Dursun, S., Sagdic, M., & Toros, H. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 measures on air quality in Turkey. Environmental Forensics, 23(1-2), 47-59.
  • Fahey, L., & Narayanan, V. K. (1986). Macroenvironmental analysis for strategic management (The west series in strategic management). St. Paul, Minnesota: West Publishing Company.
  • Gregoric, M. (2014). PESTEL analysis of tourism destinations in the perspective of business tourism (MICE). In Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management in Opatija. Biennial International Congress. Tourism & Hospitality Industry (p. 551).
  • Grewe, V., Gangoli Rao, A., Grönstedt, T., Xisto, C., Linke, F., Melkert, J., Middel, J., Ohlenforst, B., Blakey, S., & Christie, S. (2021). Evaluating the climate impact of aviation emission scenarios towards the Paris agreement including COVID-19 effects. Nature Communications, 12(1), 1-10.
  • Heiets, I., & Yibing, X. (2021). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Aviation Industry. Journal of Aviation, 5(2), 111-126.
  • Ho, J. K.-K. (2014). Formulation of a systemic PEST analysis for strategic analysis. European academic research, 2(5), 6478-6492.
  • IATA. (2020). Interactive Coronavirus (Covid-19) Travel Regulations Map (Powered by Timatic). IATA. Retrieved 31 May 2020 from https://www.iatatravelcentre.com/ international-travel-document-news/1580226297.htm
  • IATA. (2022 December). Industry Statistics (Fact Sheet). https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications/ economic-reports/global-outlook-for-air-transport-december-2022-data-tables/
  • IATA. (2022b) Understanding the pandemic's impact on the aviation value chain, McKinsy Company Report, https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/publications /economic-reports/understanding-the-pandemics- impact-on-the-aviation-value-chain/
  • IATA. (2023). International air connectivity closing in on pre-COVID levels. https://www.iata.org/en/iata-repository/ publications/economic-reports/international-air-connectivity-closing-in-on-pre-covid-levels/
  • Irfan, M., Ahmad, M., Fareed, Z., Iqbal, N., Sharif, A., & Wu, H. (2022). On the indirect environmental outcomes of COVID-19: short-term revival with futuristic long-term implications. International journal of environmental health research, 32(6), 1271-1281.
  • Kang, C., & Disemadi, H. S. (2021). The COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak Impact And Prevention From Legal Perspective: An Indonesian Experience. CoMBInES-Conference on Management, Business, Innovation, Education and Social Sciences,
  • Kaya, S., Khan, M. D., & Mujtaba, A. (2021). A review of legal impacts of COVID-19 studies: Trends and future challenges. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 15(8), 511-520.
  • Kökény, L., Kenesei, Z., & Neszveda, G. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 on different business models of European airlines. Current issues in tourism, 25(3), 458-474.
  • Kurnaz, S., & Žilinskienė, D. (2022). The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Future of Aviation. In Digitalization and the Impacts of COVID-19 on the Aviation Industry (pp. 53-72). IGI Global.
  • Lamb, T. L., Ruskin, K. J., Rice, S., Khorassani, L., Winter, S. R., & Truong, D. (2021). A qualitative analysis of social and emotional perspectives of airline passengers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Air Transport Management, 94, 102079.
  • Li, J., Huang, C., Wang, Z., Yuan, B., & Peng, F. (2020). The airline transport regulation and development of public health crisis in megacities of China. Journal of Transport & Health, 19, 100959.
  • Matović, I. M. (2020, September). PESTEL Analysis of External Environment as a Success Factor of Startup Business. In ConScienS Conference Proceedings (pp. 96-102).
  • Metehan, A., Eroğlu, Y., & Seçkiner, S. (2021). COVID-19 Krizinde Operasyonel Aksaklık Altındaki Havayolu Şirketlerinin Stratejik ve Finansal Karar Faktörlerinin Analizi. Havacılık ve Uzay Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 70-88.
  • Nižetić, S. (2020). Impact of coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic on air transport mobility, energy, and environment: A case study. International Journal of Energy Research, 44(13), 10953-10961.
  • OAG. (2022). COVID-19 AIR TRAVEL RECOVERY. Official Aviation Guide. https://www.oag.com/coronavirus-airline- schedules-data
  • Onianwa, O. I. (2022). COVID-19 Pandemic and Air Transport Business in Nigeria: An Analysis. In Global Air Transport Management and Reshaping Business Models for the New Era (pp. 20-38). IGI Global.
  • Perez, R., & Camargo, A. C. (2022). The Economic Impact of COVID-19 in the Air Transportation Industry: Estimates From a Regional Input-Output Model. In Challenges and Opportunities for Transportation Services in the Post-COVID-19 Era (pp. 88-103). IGI Global.
  • Rachmat, M. N., & Susetio, W. (2021). Legal Analysis in Airlines Business Over Middle of Covid-19 Pandemic at Indonesia. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic, 5(4), 315-320.
  • Sammut-Bonnici, T., & Galea, D. (2014). PEST analysis.
  • Serrano, F., & Kazda, A. (2020). The future of airports post COVID-19. Journal of Air Transport Management, 89, 101900.
  • Sim, M., Kim, H., & Choe, Y. (2022). Does COVID-19 induce stress influence job insecurity, general job stress, pro- social service behavior at work place?: A case of aviation industry. 한국관광학회 국제학술발표대회집, 91, 827-828.
  • Sobieralski, J. B. (2020). COVID-19 and airline employment: Insights from historical uncertainty shocks to the industry. Transportation research interdisciplinary perspectives, 5, 100123.
  • Song, J., Sun, Y., & Jin, L. (2017). PESTEL analysis of the development of the waste-to-energy incineration industry in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 80, 276-289.
  • Su, M., Hu, B., Luan, W., & Tian, C. (2022). Effects of COVID-19 on China's civil aviation passenger transport market. Research in Transportation Economics, 101217.
  • Sun, X., Wandelt, S., & Zhang, A. (2021). Technological and educational challenges towards pandemic-resilient aviation. Transport Policy, 114, 104-115.
  • Sun, X., Wandelt, S., Zheng, C., & Zhang, A. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and air transportation: Successfully navigating the paper hurricane. Journal of Air Transport Management, 94, 102062.
  • Vieira, J. P. B., Braga, C. K. V., & Pereira, R. H. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 on air passenger demand and CO2 emissions in Brazil. Energy Policy, 164, 112906.
  • Vo, T. D., & Tran, M. D. (2021). The impact of covid-19 pandemic on the global trade. Int. J. Soc. Sci. Econ. Invent, 7, 1-7.
  • Warnock-Smith, D., Graham, A., O'Connell, J. F., & Efthymiou, M. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on air transport passenger markets: Examining evidence from the Chinese market. Journal of Air Transport Management, 94, 102085.
  • Yüksel, I. (2012). Developing a multi-criteria decision making model for PESTEL analysis. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(24), 52.
  • Zimmerling, A., & Chen, X. (2021). Innovation and possible long-term impact driven by COVID-19: Manufacturing, personal protective equipment and digital technologies. Technology in Society, 65, 101541.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Uzay Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Adem Pınar 0000-0003-0471-7204

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 9 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Temmuz 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Mart 2023
Kabul Tarihi 7 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Pınar, A. (2023). A PESTEL Analysis of The Impacts of COVID-19 Crisis on Air Transportation Sector’s Future. Journal of Aviation, 7(2), 215-225. https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1259307

Journal of Aviation - JAV 


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