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Finansal Gelişme ile Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi Arasındaki İlişki

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 12 - 29, 15.01.2024

Eda Başak Yıldırım Zekai Şenol

https://doi.org/10.59445/ijephss.1375840

Öz

Günümüzde enerji talebi sürekli olarak artmaktadır. Çevresel sürdürülebilirlik, ülkeleri enerji konusunda diğer ülkelere bağımlılıklarını önlemek ve kıt olan enerji kaynaklarına bir alternatif oluşturmak amacıyla yenilenebilir enerjiye yönlendirmektedir. Yenilenebilir enerji sektörünün ihtiyaç duyduğu finansman ihtiyacının karşılanmasında finansal piyasalar önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, finansal gelişmişlik ile yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi arasındaki nedensellik araştırılmıştır. Finansal gelişmenin yenilenebilir enerji tüketimini nasıl etkilediğini anlamak, ülkelere rekabetçi, sağlam temelli ve sürdürülebilir bir enerji sektörü geliştirme şansı verirken, yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin finansal gelişmeyi etkileyerek, ülkelerin enerji ithalatına olan bağımlılığını azaltmayı teşvik etmesi, çalışmanın önemini vurgulamaktadır. Çalışma, 14 Avrupa ülkesi ve Türkiye’nin 2004-2019 dönemine ait yıllık finansal gelişmişlik endeksi ve yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi verileri kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Değişkenler arası ilişkinin tahmininde, birimler arası korelasyon ve parametre heterojenliği durumlarında kullanılabilen Konya (2006) nedensellik testi uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminden (YET) finansal gelişmişlik endeksine (FGE) doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Buna bağlı olarak yenilenebilir enerji yatırımlarının finansal piyasalara fon akışını artıracağı ve yatırımcı girişi sağlayacağı söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Finansal Gelişme Yenilenebilir Enerji Nedensellik Testi

Kaynakça

  • Anton, S. G., & Nucu, A. E. (2020). The Effect of Financial Development on Renewable Energy Consumption. A Panel Data Approach. Renewable Energy, 147, 330-338.
  • Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2009). Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Central America: Evidence from a Panel Cointegration and Erros Correction Model. Energy Economics, 31, 211-216.
  • Assi, A. F., Isiksal, A. Z., & Tursoy, T. (2021). Renewable Energy Consumption, Financial Development, Environmental Pollution, and Innovations in The ASEAN +3 Group: Evidence from (P-ARDL) Model. Renewable Energy, 165, 689-700
  • Bai, J., & Ng, S. (2004). A Panic Attack On Unit Roots and Cointegration. Econometrica, 72(4), 1127-1177.
  • Bai, J., & Ng, S. (2010). Panel Unit Root Tests with Cross-Section Dependence: A Further Investigation. 26(4), 1088-1114.
  • Bailey, N., Kapetanios, G., & Pesaran, M. H. (2016). Exponent of Cross-Sectional Dependence: Estimation and Inference. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 31(6), 929-960.
  • Best, R. (2017). Switching Towards Coal or Renewable Energy? The Effects of Financial Capital on Energy Transitions. Energy Economics, 75-83.
  • Borsa İstanbul. (2023, 07 09). https://www.borsaistanbul.com/tr/sayfa/27/tarihsel-gelismeler adresinden alındı
  • Borsa ve Yatırım. (2023). 08 07, 2023 tarihinde BİST100 Hisselerinin Endeks Ağırlıkları: https://www.borsaveyatirim.com/bist-100-hisselerinin-endeks-agirliklari adresinden alındı
  • Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Brunnschweiler, C. N. (2010). Finance for Renewable Energy: An Empirical Analysis of Developing and Transition Economies. Environment and Development Economics, 15(3), 241-274.
  • Burakov, D., & Freidin, M. (2017). Financial Development, Economic Growth and Renewable Energy Consumption in Russia: A Vector Error Correction Approach. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 7(6), 39-47.
  • Charfeddine, L., & Kahia, M. (2019). Impact of rewable energy consumption and financial development on CO2 emissions and economic growth in the MENA region: A panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) analysis. Renewable Energy, 198-213.
  • Chen, S.-T., Kuo, H.-I., & Chen, C.-C. (2007). The Relationship Between GDP and Electricity Consumption in 10 Asian Countries. Energy Policy, 35, 2611-2621.
  • Danish, Zhang, B., Wang, B., & Wang, Z. (2017). Role of Renewable Energy and Non-renewable Energy Consumption on EKC: Evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Cleaner Production, 855-864.
  • Dimnwobi, S. K., Madichie, C. V., Ekesiobi, C., & Asongu, S. A. (2022). Financial Development and Renewable Energy Consumption in Nigeria. Renewable Energy, 192, 668-677.
  • Enerdata. (2023, 09 19). Total Energy Consumption. World Energy & Climate Statistics – Yearbook 2023: https://yearbook.enerdata.net/total-energy/world-consumption-statistics.html adresinden alındı
  • Eren, B. M., Taspinar, N., & Gokmenoglu, K. K. (2019). The Impact of Financial Development and Economic Growth on Renewable Energy Consumption: Empirical Analysis of India. Science of The Total Environment, 663, 189-197.
  • Erim, N., & Türk, A. (2005). Finansal Gelişme ve İktisadi Büyüme. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10, 21-45.
  • Foreks FXPLUS. (2023). 08 07, 2023 tarihinde alındı
  • IEA. (2013). World Energy Outlook 2013. Paris: International Energy Agency.
  • IMF. (2023, 09 20). Financial Development Index Database. IMF Data: https://data.imf.org/?sk=f8032e80-b36c-43b1-ac26-493c5b1cd33b&sid=1481207801912 adresinden alındı
  • IRENA. (2023). Renewable Energy Statistics 2023. Abu Dhabi: International Renewable Energy Agency.
  • IRENA. (2023). The Changing Role of Hydropower: Challenges and Opportunities. Abu Dhabi: International Renewable Energy Agency.
  • IRENA and CPI. (2023). Global Landscape of Renewable Energy Finance. Abu Dhabi: International Renewable Energy Agency.
  • KAP. (2023). Kamuyu Aydınlatma Platformu. 10 01, 2023 tarihinde https://www.kap.org.tr/tr/ adresinden alındı Kirikkaleli, D., & Adebayo, T. S. (2021). Do Renewable Energy Consumption and Financial Development Matter for Environmental Sustainability? New Global Evidence. Sustainable Devolopment, 29(4), 583-594.
  • Konya, L. (2006). Exports and Growth: Granger Causality Analysis on OECD Countries with a Aanel Aata Approach. Economic Modelling, 23(6), 978-992.
  • Kougias, I., Taylor, N., Kakoulaki, G., & Jager-Waldau, A. (2021). The Role of Photovoltaics for the European Green Deal and the Recovery Plan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 144, 111017.
  • Kraft, J., & Kraft, A. (1978). On the Relationship Between Energy and GDP. The Journal of Energy and Development, 401-403.
  • Kutan, A. M., Paramati, S. R., Ummala, M., & Zakari, A. (2018). Financing Renewable Energy Project in Major Emerging Market Economies: Evidence in the Perspective of Sustainable Economic Development. Emerging Markets Finance & Trade, 1761-1777.
  • Lahiani, A., Mefteh-Wali, S., Shahbaz, M., & Vo, X. V. (2021). Does Financial Development Influence Renewable Energy Consumption to Achieve Carbon Neutrality in the USA? Energy Policy, 158.
  • Mukhtarov, S., Yüksel, S., & Dinçer, H. (2022). The Impact of Financial Development on Renewable Energy Consumption: Evidence from Turkey. Renewable Energy, 187, 169-176.
  • OEC. (2023, 09 21). Crude Petroleum. https://oec.world/en/profile/hs/crude-petroleum?yearSelector1=2020 adresinden alındı
  • OECD. (2013). Renewable Energies in the Middle East and North Africa: Policies to Support Private Investment. OECD Publishing.
  • Oyak Yatırım. (2023). BIST 100. 08 07, 2023 tarihinde https://www.oyakyatirim.com.tr/ adresinden alındı
  • Öztürk, I., & Acaravci, A. (2013). The Long-run and Causal Analysis of Energy, Growth, Openness and Financial Development on Carbon Emissions in Turkey. Energy Economics, 262-267.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. CESifo Working Paper Series No. 1229; IZA Discussion Paper No. 1240.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross-section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2015). Testing Weak Cross-Sectional Dependence in Large Panels. Econometric Reviews, 34, 1089-1117.
  • Pesaran, M. H., & Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels. Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Yamagata, T., & Ullah, A. (2008). A Bias-adjusted LM Test of Error Cross-section Independence. Econometrics Journal, 11, 105-127.
  • Reese, S., & Westerlund, J. (2016). Panicca: Panic on Cross-Section Averages. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 31, 961-981.
  • Sadorsky, P. (2010). The Impact of Financial Development on Energy Consumption in Emerging Economies. Energy Policy, 38, 2528-2535.
  • Sahay, R., Čihák, M., N’Diaye, P., Barajas, A., Bi, R., Ayala, D., . . . Yousefi, S. R. (2015). Rethinking financial deepening: stability and growth in emerging markets. IMF Staff Discussion Note. International Monetary Fund.
  • Shahbaz, M., & Lean, H. H. (2012). Does Financial Development Increase Energy Consumption? The Role of Industrialization and Urbanization in Tunisia. Energy Policy, 40, 473-479.
  • Swamy, P. A. (1970). Efficient Inference in a Random Coefficient Regression Model. Econometrica, 38(2), 311-323.
  • Tamazian, A., Chousa, J. P., & Vadlamannati, K. C. (2008). Does Higher Economic and Financial Development Lead to Environmental Degradation: Evidence from BRIC Countries. Energy Policy, 246-253.
  • Tebaldi, C., Ranasinghe, R., Vousdoukas, M., Rasmussen, D. J., Vega-Westhoff, B., Kirezci, E., & Mentaschi, L. (2021). Extreme Sea Levels at Different Global Warming Levels. Nature Climate Change, 11, 746-751.
  • Urfalıoğlu, Ş. (2022). OECD Ülkelerinde Wagner Hipotezi'nin Geçerliliği: Konya Panel Nedensellik Testi. Journal of Applied and Theoretical Social Sciences, 229-246.
  • Vo, D. H., Tran, Q., & Tran, T. (2022). Economic Growth, Renewable Energy and Financial Development in The CPTPP Countries. Plos One, 17(6).
  • Wang, J., Zhang, S., & Zhang, Q. (2021). The Relationship of Renewable Energy Consumption to Financial Development and Economic Growth in China. Renewable Energy, 170, 897-904.
  • Wu, L., & Broadstock, D. C. (2015). Does Economic, Financial and Institutional Development Matter for Renewable Energy Consumption? Evidence from Emerging Economies. International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, 8(1), 20-39.
  • Yazdi, S. K., & Shakouri, B. (2017). Renewable Energy, Nonrenewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 1038-1045.
  • Zellner, A. (1962). An Efficient Method of Estimating Seemingly Unrelated Regressions and Tests for Aggregation Bias. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 57(298), 348-368.
  • Zhe, L., Yüksel, S., Dinçer, H., Mukhtarov, S., & Azizov, M. (2021). The Positive Influences of Renewable Energy Consumption on Financial Development and Economic Growth. SAGE Open, 11(3), 1-10.

The Relationship Between Financial Development and Renewable Energy Consumption

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 12 - 29, 15.01.2024

Eda Başak Yıldırım Zekai Şenol

https://doi.org/10.59445/ijephss.1375840

Öz

Today, energy demand is constantly increasing. Environmental sustainability leads countries to renewable energy in order to prevent their dependence on other countries for energy and to create an alternative to scarce energy resources. Financial markets play an important role in meeting the financing needs of the renewable energy sector. This study investigates the relationship between financial development and renewable energy consumption. Understanding how financial development affects renewable energy consumption gives countries the chance to develop a competitive, well-founded and sustainable energy sector, while renewable energy consumption encourages countries to reduce their dependence on energy imports by affecting financial development. The study was conducted using annual financial development index and renewable energy consumption data of 14 European countries and Turkey for the period 2004-2019. In the estimation of the relationship between variables, the prerequisite of Konya (2006) causality test, which can be applied in the case of inter-unit correlation and parameter heterogeneity, is provided. In the study, a unidirectional causality relationship was found from renewable energy consumption (REC) to financial development index (FDI). In this respect, it can be said that renewable energy investments will increase the flow of funds to financial markets and provide investor inflows.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Financial Development Renewable Energy Causality Test

Kaynakça

  • Anton, S. G., & Nucu, A. E. (2020). The Effect of Financial Development on Renewable Energy Consumption. A Panel Data Approach. Renewable Energy, 147, 330-338.
  • Apergis, N., & Payne, J. E. (2009). Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Central America: Evidence from a Panel Cointegration and Erros Correction Model. Energy Economics, 31, 211-216.
  • Assi, A. F., Isiksal, A. Z., & Tursoy, T. (2021). Renewable Energy Consumption, Financial Development, Environmental Pollution, and Innovations in The ASEAN +3 Group: Evidence from (P-ARDL) Model. Renewable Energy, 165, 689-700
  • Bai, J., & Ng, S. (2004). A Panic Attack On Unit Roots and Cointegration. Econometrica, 72(4), 1127-1177.
  • Bai, J., & Ng, S. (2010). Panel Unit Root Tests with Cross-Section Dependence: A Further Investigation. 26(4), 1088-1114.
  • Bailey, N., Kapetanios, G., & Pesaran, M. H. (2016). Exponent of Cross-Sectional Dependence: Estimation and Inference. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 31(6), 929-960.
  • Best, R. (2017). Switching Towards Coal or Renewable Energy? The Effects of Financial Capital on Energy Transitions. Energy Economics, 75-83.
  • Borsa İstanbul. (2023, 07 09). https://www.borsaistanbul.com/tr/sayfa/27/tarihsel-gelismeler adresinden alındı
  • Borsa ve Yatırım. (2023). 08 07, 2023 tarihinde BİST100 Hisselerinin Endeks Ağırlıkları: https://www.borsaveyatirim.com/bist-100-hisselerinin-endeks-agirliklari adresinden alındı
  • Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1980). The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics. The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1), 239-253.
  • Brunnschweiler, C. N. (2010). Finance for Renewable Energy: An Empirical Analysis of Developing and Transition Economies. Environment and Development Economics, 15(3), 241-274.
  • Burakov, D., & Freidin, M. (2017). Financial Development, Economic Growth and Renewable Energy Consumption in Russia: A Vector Error Correction Approach. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 7(6), 39-47.
  • Charfeddine, L., & Kahia, M. (2019). Impact of rewable energy consumption and financial development on CO2 emissions and economic growth in the MENA region: A panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) analysis. Renewable Energy, 198-213.
  • Chen, S.-T., Kuo, H.-I., & Chen, C.-C. (2007). The Relationship Between GDP and Electricity Consumption in 10 Asian Countries. Energy Policy, 35, 2611-2621.
  • Danish, Zhang, B., Wang, B., & Wang, Z. (2017). Role of Renewable Energy and Non-renewable Energy Consumption on EKC: Evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Cleaner Production, 855-864.
  • Dimnwobi, S. K., Madichie, C. V., Ekesiobi, C., & Asongu, S. A. (2022). Financial Development and Renewable Energy Consumption in Nigeria. Renewable Energy, 192, 668-677.
  • Enerdata. (2023, 09 19). Total Energy Consumption. World Energy & Climate Statistics – Yearbook 2023: https://yearbook.enerdata.net/total-energy/world-consumption-statistics.html adresinden alındı
  • Eren, B. M., Taspinar, N., & Gokmenoglu, K. K. (2019). The Impact of Financial Development and Economic Growth on Renewable Energy Consumption: Empirical Analysis of India. Science of The Total Environment, 663, 189-197.
  • Erim, N., & Türk, A. (2005). Finansal Gelişme ve İktisadi Büyüme. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10, 21-45.
  • Foreks FXPLUS. (2023). 08 07, 2023 tarihinde alındı
  • IEA. (2013). World Energy Outlook 2013. Paris: International Energy Agency.
  • IMF. (2023, 09 20). Financial Development Index Database. IMF Data: https://data.imf.org/?sk=f8032e80-b36c-43b1-ac26-493c5b1cd33b&sid=1481207801912 adresinden alındı
  • IRENA. (2023). Renewable Energy Statistics 2023. Abu Dhabi: International Renewable Energy Agency.
  • IRENA. (2023). The Changing Role of Hydropower: Challenges and Opportunities. Abu Dhabi: International Renewable Energy Agency.
  • IRENA and CPI. (2023). Global Landscape of Renewable Energy Finance. Abu Dhabi: International Renewable Energy Agency.
  • KAP. (2023). Kamuyu Aydınlatma Platformu. 10 01, 2023 tarihinde https://www.kap.org.tr/tr/ adresinden alındı Kirikkaleli, D., & Adebayo, T. S. (2021). Do Renewable Energy Consumption and Financial Development Matter for Environmental Sustainability? New Global Evidence. Sustainable Devolopment, 29(4), 583-594.
  • Konya, L. (2006). Exports and Growth: Granger Causality Analysis on OECD Countries with a Aanel Aata Approach. Economic Modelling, 23(6), 978-992.
  • Kougias, I., Taylor, N., Kakoulaki, G., & Jager-Waldau, A. (2021). The Role of Photovoltaics for the European Green Deal and the Recovery Plan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 144, 111017.
  • Kraft, J., & Kraft, A. (1978). On the Relationship Between Energy and GDP. The Journal of Energy and Development, 401-403.
  • Kutan, A. M., Paramati, S. R., Ummala, M., & Zakari, A. (2018). Financing Renewable Energy Project in Major Emerging Market Economies: Evidence in the Perspective of Sustainable Economic Development. Emerging Markets Finance & Trade, 1761-1777.
  • Lahiani, A., Mefteh-Wali, S., Shahbaz, M., & Vo, X. V. (2021). Does Financial Development Influence Renewable Energy Consumption to Achieve Carbon Neutrality in the USA? Energy Policy, 158.
  • Mukhtarov, S., Yüksel, S., & Dinçer, H. (2022). The Impact of Financial Development on Renewable Energy Consumption: Evidence from Turkey. Renewable Energy, 187, 169-176.
  • OEC. (2023, 09 21). Crude Petroleum. https://oec.world/en/profile/hs/crude-petroleum?yearSelector1=2020 adresinden alındı
  • OECD. (2013). Renewable Energies in the Middle East and North Africa: Policies to Support Private Investment. OECD Publishing.
  • Oyak Yatırım. (2023). BIST 100. 08 07, 2023 tarihinde https://www.oyakyatirim.com.tr/ adresinden alındı
  • Öztürk, I., & Acaravci, A. (2013). The Long-run and Causal Analysis of Energy, Growth, Openness and Financial Development on Carbon Emissions in Turkey. Energy Economics, 262-267.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. CESifo Working Paper Series No. 1229; IZA Discussion Paper No. 1240.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2007). A Simple Panel Unit Root Test in the Presence of Cross-section Dependence. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 22(2), 265-312.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2015). Testing Weak Cross-Sectional Dependence in Large Panels. Econometric Reviews, 34, 1089-1117.
  • Pesaran, M. H., & Yamagata, T. (2008). Testing Slope Homogeneity in Large Panels. Journal of Econometrics, 142(1), 50-93.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Yamagata, T., & Ullah, A. (2008). A Bias-adjusted LM Test of Error Cross-section Independence. Econometrics Journal, 11, 105-127.
  • Reese, S., & Westerlund, J. (2016). Panicca: Panic on Cross-Section Averages. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 31, 961-981.
  • Sadorsky, P. (2010). The Impact of Financial Development on Energy Consumption in Emerging Economies. Energy Policy, 38, 2528-2535.
  • Sahay, R., Čihák, M., N’Diaye, P., Barajas, A., Bi, R., Ayala, D., . . . Yousefi, S. R. (2015). Rethinking financial deepening: stability and growth in emerging markets. IMF Staff Discussion Note. International Monetary Fund.
  • Shahbaz, M., & Lean, H. H. (2012). Does Financial Development Increase Energy Consumption? The Role of Industrialization and Urbanization in Tunisia. Energy Policy, 40, 473-479.
  • Swamy, P. A. (1970). Efficient Inference in a Random Coefficient Regression Model. Econometrica, 38(2), 311-323.
  • Tamazian, A., Chousa, J. P., & Vadlamannati, K. C. (2008). Does Higher Economic and Financial Development Lead to Environmental Degradation: Evidence from BRIC Countries. Energy Policy, 246-253.
  • Tebaldi, C., Ranasinghe, R., Vousdoukas, M., Rasmussen, D. J., Vega-Westhoff, B., Kirezci, E., & Mentaschi, L. (2021). Extreme Sea Levels at Different Global Warming Levels. Nature Climate Change, 11, 746-751.
  • Urfalıoğlu, Ş. (2022). OECD Ülkelerinde Wagner Hipotezi'nin Geçerliliği: Konya Panel Nedensellik Testi. Journal of Applied and Theoretical Social Sciences, 229-246.
  • Vo, D. H., Tran, Q., & Tran, T. (2022). Economic Growth, Renewable Energy and Financial Development in The CPTPP Countries. Plos One, 17(6).
  • Wang, J., Zhang, S., & Zhang, Q. (2021). The Relationship of Renewable Energy Consumption to Financial Development and Economic Growth in China. Renewable Energy, 170, 897-904.
  • Wu, L., & Broadstock, D. C. (2015). Does Economic, Financial and Institutional Development Matter for Renewable Energy Consumption? Evidence from Emerging Economies. International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, 8(1), 20-39.
  • Yazdi, S. K., & Shakouri, B. (2017). Renewable Energy, Nonrenewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 1038-1045.
  • Zellner, A. (1962). An Efficient Method of Estimating Seemingly Unrelated Regressions and Tests for Aggregation Bias. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 57(298), 348-368.
  • Zhe, L., Yüksel, S., Dinçer, H., Mukhtarov, S., & Azizov, M. (2021). The Positive Influences of Renewable Energy Consumption on Financial Development and Economic Growth. SAGE Open, 11(3), 1-10.
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Finans
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Eda Başak Yıldırım 0009-0008-9383-9097

Zekai Şenol 0000-0001-8818-0752

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ocak 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Ekim 2023
Kabul Tarihi 19 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldırım, E. B., & Şenol, Z. (2024). Finansal Gelişme ile Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi Arasındaki İlişki. Uluslararası Ekonomi Siyaset İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 12-29. https://doi.org/10.59445/ijephss.1375840
 Kapak Resmi İndir

International Journal of Economics, Politics, Humanities & Social Sciences – IJEPHSS Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.