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Impact of Global Climate Change on The Labour Market: Evidence from Türkiye

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 2, 361 - 374

Olcay Besnili Memiş Faruk Sapancalı

https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1368048

Öz

In the literature, the relationship between climate change and the labour market is discussed in terms of whether climate policies create employment opportunities or increase unemployment. Therefore, whether the transition to renewable energy will increase unemployment or create employment opportunities is an important research topic. This study aims to investigate the relationship between unemployment and the use of renewable energy by focusing on the Turkish labour market. In the study, the Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag test is applied to determine the short- and long-run relationships of the variables with annual data for the period 1990-2019 obtained from the International Energy Agency and TurkStat databases. The results of the study show that in the long-run, a 1% increase in non-renewable energy reduces unemployment by 1.64%, while renewable energy reduces unemployment by 2.03%. In the short-run, every 1% increase in the use of renewable energy reduces unemployment by 1.06%, while a 1% increase in the use of non-renewable energy reduces unemployment by 1.31%. In this context, it is possible to say that non-renewable energy sources have a greater impact on unemployment in the short run. The results of the research suggest that climate policies focussing on renewable energy in Turkey can help fight unemployment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Renewable energy unemployment labour market ARDL Türkiye

Kaynakça

  • Agpak, F., and Ozcicek, Ö. (2018). Bir İstihdam Politikası Aracı Olarak Yenilenebilir Enerji. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 112-128.
  • Ahmad, M., Zhao, Z. Y., and Li, H. (2019). Revealing stylized empirical interactions among construction sector, urbanization, energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions in China. Science of The Total Environment, 657, 1085-1098.
  • Apergis, N., and Salim, R. (2015). Energy consumption and unemployment: evidence from a sample of 80 countries and nonlinear estimates. Applied Economics, 47(52), 5614-5633.
  • Aragón, F. M., Rud, J. P., and Toews, G. (2018). Resource shocks, employment, and gender: Evidence from the collapse of the UK coal industry. Labour Economics, 52, 54-67.
  • Babiker, M. H., and Eckaus, R. S. (2007). Unemployment effects of climate policy. Environmental Science & Policy, 10(7–8), 600-609.
  • Bekmez, S., and Agpak, F. (2016). Non-Hydro Renewable Energy and Employment: A Bootstrap Panel Causality Analysis for Countries with Different Income Levels. Journal of Business & Economic Policy, 3(1), 32-45.
  • Böhringer, C., Keller, A., and van der Werf, E. (2013). Are green hopes too rosy? Employment and welfare impacts of renewable energy promotion. Energy Economics, 36, 277-285.
  • Böhringer, C., Rivers, N. J., Rutherford, T. F., and Wigle, R. (2012). Green Jobs and Renewable Electricity Policies: Employment Impacts of Ontario's Feed-in Tariff. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 12(1), 1-38.
  • Bulavskaya, T., and Reynès, F. (2018). Job creation and economic impact of renewable energy in the Netherlands. Renewable Energy, 119, 528-538.
  • Cai, W., Wang, C., Chen, J., and Wang, S. (2011). Green economy and green jobs: Myth or reality? The case of China’s power generation sector. Energy, 36(10), 5994-6003.
  • Cai, W., Mu, Y., Wang, C., and Chen, J. (2014). Distributional employment impacts of renewable and new energy–A case study of China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 39, 1155-1163.
  • Chen, Y. (2019). Renewable energy investment and employment in China. International Review of Applied Economics, 33(3), 314-334.
  • Creutzig, F. Baiocchi, G., Bierkandt, R., Pichler, P. P., and Seto, K. C. (2015). Global typology of urban energy use and potentials for an urbanization mitigation wedge. PNAS, 112, 6283–6288.
  • Creutzig, F., Agoston, P., Minx, J.C., Canadell, J.G., Andrew, R.M., Le Quéré, C., Peters, G.B., Sharifi, A., Yamagata, Y., and Dhakal, S. (2016). Urban infrastructure choices structure climate solutions. Nature Climate Change, 6, 1054–1056.
  • Dechezlepretre, A., and Sato, M. (2017). The Impacts of Environmental Regulations on Competitiveness. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 11(2), 183-206.
  • Deschenes, O. (2013). Green Jobs. IZA Policy Paper No. 62, Germany.
  • Dickey, D. A., and Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057-1072.
  • Dincer H., and Karakus, H. (2020). Yenilenebilir Enerji Yatırımları ile İstihdam Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi: G7 Ülkeleri Üzerine Ekonometrik Bir Analiz. İstatistik ve Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1), 40-49.
  • Doorey, D. J. (2017). Just Transitions Law: Putting Labour Law to Work on Climate Change. Journal of Environmental Law and Practice 201, 30(2), 1-49.
  • Dordmond, G., de Oliveira, H. C., Silva, I. R., and Swart, J. (2021). The complexity of green job creation: an analysis of green job development in Brazil. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23, 723–746.
  • Dvořák, P., Martinát, S., Van der Horst, D., Frantál, B., and Turečková, K. (2017). Renewable energy investment and job creation; a cross-sectoral assessment for the Czech Republic with reference to EU benchmarks. Renewable Sustainability Energy Review, 69, 360–368.
  • Engle, R. F., and Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251-276.
  • Fragkos, P., and Paroussos, L. (2018). Employment creation in EU related to renewables expansion. Applied Energy, 230, 935-945.
  • Frondel, M., Ritter, N., Schmidt, C. M., and Vance, C. (2010). Economic impacts from the promotion of renewable energy Technologies: The German experience. Energy Policy, 38(8), 4048-4056.
  • Greenstone, M. (2002). The Impacts of Environmental Regulations on Industrial Activity: Evidence from the 1970 and 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments and the Census of Manufactures. Journal of Political Economy, 110(6), 1175-1219.
  • Gueye, M. K., and Fyfe, A. M. (2015). Decent Jobs in a Safe Climate: ILO Solutions for Climate Action. International Labour Office, Geneva.
  • Hafstead, M. A. C., and Williams III, R. C. (2018). Unemployment and environmental regulation in general equilibrium. Journal of Public Economics, 160, 50-65.
  • Hassler, U., and Wolters, J. (2006). Autoregressive distributed lag models and cointegration. Allgemeines Statistisches Archive, 40, 59-74.
  • Henriques, C. O., Coelho, D. H., and Cassidy, N. L. (2016). Employment impact assessment of renewable energy targets for electricity generation by 2020—An IO LCA approach. Sustainable Cities and Society, 26, 519-530.
  • Herrera, A. M. (2018). Oil price shocks, inventors, and macroeconomic Dynamics. Macroeconomic Dynamics, 22(3), 620-639.
  • Hillebrand, B., Buttermann, H. G., Behringer, J. M., and Bleuel, M. (2006). The expansion of renewable energies and employment effects in Germany. Energy Policy, 34(18), 3484-3494.
  • Hondo, H., and Moriizumi, Y. (2017). Employment creation potential of renewable power generation technologies: A life cycle approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 79, 128-136.
  • IEA, Energy Statistics, available at: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/energy-statistics-data-browser?country=TURKEY&fuel=Energy%20consumption&indicator=TFCbySource, (accessed 12.05.2023).
  • ILOa, (2018). World Employment and Social Outlook 2018 Greening with jobs. International Labour Office, Geneva.
  • ILOb, (2018). The future of work in a changing natural environment: Climate change, degradation and sustainability. International Labour Organization, Geneva.
  • ILOc, (2018). The employment impact of climate change adaptation. Input Document for the G20 Climate Sustainability Working Group, International Labour Office, Geneva.
  • IPCC, (2014). Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Working Group III Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, (Ed. R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer), IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Kolsuz, G., and Yeldan, E. (2017). Economics of climate change and green employment: A general equilibrium investigation for Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 70, 1240-1250.
  • Küster, R., Ellersdorfer, I. R., and Fahl, U. (2007). A Cge-Analysis of Energy Policies Considering Labor Market Imperfections and Technology Specifications. Nota di Lavoro, No. 7.2007, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM), Milano.
  • Lambert, R. J., and Silva, P. P. (2012). The challenges of determining the employment effects of renewable energy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(7), 4667-4674.
  • Markandya, A., Arto, I., González-Eguino, M., and Román, M. V. (2016). Towards a green energy economy? Tracking the employment effects of low-carbon technologies in the European Union. Applied Energy, 179, 1342-1350.
  • Martinez-Fernandez, C., Ranieri, A., and Sharpe, S. (2014). Green skills for a low-carbon future. Greener Skills and Jobs, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • Montt, G., Wiebe, K. S., Harsdorff, M., Simas, M., Bonnet A., and Wood, R. (2018). Does Climate Action Destroy Jobs? An Assessment of the Employment Implications of the 2-Degree Goal. International Labour Review, 157(4), 521-522.
  • Morriss, A. P., Bogart, W. T., Dorchak, A., and Meiners, R. E. (2010). Green Job Myths. University of Illinois Law and Economics Research Paper Series No: Le09-001.
  • Mu, Y., Cai, W., Evans, S., Wang, C., and Roland-Holst, D. (2018). Employment impacts of renewable energy policies in China: A decomposition analysis based on a CGE modeling framework. Applied Energy, 210, 256-267.
  • Oliveira, C., Cassidy, N., and Coelho, D. (2014). Employment effects of electricity generation from renewable energy technologies in the UK. 22nd International Input-Output Conference & 4th Edition of the International School of IO Analysis, 14, Portugal.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., and Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
  • Phillips P. C. B., and Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika, 75, 335-346.
  • Proença, S., and Fortes, P. (2020). The social face of renewables: Econometric analysis of the relationship between renewables and employment. Energy Reports, 6(1), 581-586.
  • Rafiq, S. Salim, R. and Sgro, P. M. (2018). Energy, unemployment and trade. Applied Economics, 50(47), 5122-5134.
  • Ram, M., Aghahosseini, A., and Breyer, C. (2020). Job creation during the global energy transition towards 100% renewable power system by 2050, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 151, 1-19.
  • Rivers, N. (2013). Renewable energy and unemployment: A general equilibrium analysis. Resource and Energy Economics, 35(4), 467-485.
  • Saboori, B., Gholipour, H. F., Rasoulinezhad, E., and Ranjbar, O. (2022). Renewable energy sources and unemployment rate: Evidence from the US states. Energy Policy, 168, 1-12.
  • Sastresa, E., Usón, A., Bribián, I., and Scarpelleni, S. (2010). Local impact of renewables on employment: assessment methodology and case study. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, 679-690.
  • Sequeira, T. N., and SerraSantos, M. (2018). Renewable energy and politics: a systematic review and new evidence. Journal of Cleaner Production, 192, 553-568.
  • Simas, M., and Pacca, S. (2014). Assessing employment in renewable energy technologies: A case study for wind power in Brazil. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 31, 83-90.
  • Sooriyaarachchi, T. M., Tsai, I. T., El Khatib, S. Farid, A. M., and Mezher, T. (2015). Job creation potentials and skill requirements in, PV, CSP, wind, water-to-energy and energy efficiency value chains. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, 653–668.
  • Sulich, A., and Sołoducho-Pelc, L. (2022). The circular economy and the Green Jobs creation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 14231–14247.
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Küresel İklim Değişikliğinin İşgücü Piyasasına Etkisi: Türkiye’den Kanıtlar

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 2, 361 - 374

Olcay Besnili Memiş Faruk Sapancalı

https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1368048

Öz

Literatürde, iklim değişikliği ve işgücü piyasası arasındaki ilişki iklim politikalarının iş fırsatları yaratması ve işsizliği artırması üzerinden tartışılmaktadır. Bu nedenle, yenilenebilir enerji geçişinin işsizliği artırıp artırmayacağı veya istihdam fırsatları yaratıp yaratacağı önemli bir araştırma konusu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye işgücü piyasasına odaklanarak işsizlik ile yenilenebilir enerji kullanımı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, Uluslararası Enerji Ajansı ve TÜİK veri tabanlarından elde edilen 1990-2019 dönemindeki yıllık verilerle değişkenlerin kısa ve uzun vadeli ilişkilerini belirlemek için Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag testi uygulanmaktadır. Araştırmanın sonuçları, uzun dönemde yenilenemeyen enerjideki %1'lik bir artışın işsizliği %1,64 azalttığını, ancak yenilenebilir enerjinin işsizliği %2,03 azalttığını göstermektedir. Kısa dönemde ise yenilenebilir enerji kullanımındaki her %1'lik artış, işsizlik oranını %1,06 azaltırken, yenilenemeyen enerji kullanımındaki %1'lik artış işsizlik oranını %1,31 azaltmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, kısa vadede yenilenebilir olmayan enerji kaynaklarının işsizlik üzerinde daha büyük bir etkiye sahip olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Araştırmanın sonuçları, Türkiye'de yenilenebilir enerjiye odaklanan iklim politikalarının işsizlikle mücadeleye yardımcı olabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

yenilebilir enerji işsizlik işgücü piyasası ARDL Türkiye

Kaynakça

  • Agpak, F., and Ozcicek, Ö. (2018). Bir İstihdam Politikası Aracı Olarak Yenilenebilir Enerji. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 112-128.
  • Ahmad, M., Zhao, Z. Y., and Li, H. (2019). Revealing stylized empirical interactions among construction sector, urbanization, energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions in China. Science of The Total Environment, 657, 1085-1098.
  • Apergis, N., and Salim, R. (2015). Energy consumption and unemployment: evidence from a sample of 80 countries and nonlinear estimates. Applied Economics, 47(52), 5614-5633.
  • Aragón, F. M., Rud, J. P., and Toews, G. (2018). Resource shocks, employment, and gender: Evidence from the collapse of the UK coal industry. Labour Economics, 52, 54-67.
  • Babiker, M. H., and Eckaus, R. S. (2007). Unemployment effects of climate policy. Environmental Science & Policy, 10(7–8), 600-609.
  • Bekmez, S., and Agpak, F. (2016). Non-Hydro Renewable Energy and Employment: A Bootstrap Panel Causality Analysis for Countries with Different Income Levels. Journal of Business & Economic Policy, 3(1), 32-45.
  • Böhringer, C., Keller, A., and van der Werf, E. (2013). Are green hopes too rosy? Employment and welfare impacts of renewable energy promotion. Energy Economics, 36, 277-285.
  • Böhringer, C., Rivers, N. J., Rutherford, T. F., and Wigle, R. (2012). Green Jobs and Renewable Electricity Policies: Employment Impacts of Ontario's Feed-in Tariff. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 12(1), 1-38.
  • Bulavskaya, T., and Reynès, F. (2018). Job creation and economic impact of renewable energy in the Netherlands. Renewable Energy, 119, 528-538.
  • Cai, W., Wang, C., Chen, J., and Wang, S. (2011). Green economy and green jobs: Myth or reality? The case of China’s power generation sector. Energy, 36(10), 5994-6003.
  • Cai, W., Mu, Y., Wang, C., and Chen, J. (2014). Distributional employment impacts of renewable and new energy–A case study of China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 39, 1155-1163.
  • Chen, Y. (2019). Renewable energy investment and employment in China. International Review of Applied Economics, 33(3), 314-334.
  • Creutzig, F. Baiocchi, G., Bierkandt, R., Pichler, P. P., and Seto, K. C. (2015). Global typology of urban energy use and potentials for an urbanization mitigation wedge. PNAS, 112, 6283–6288.
  • Creutzig, F., Agoston, P., Minx, J.C., Canadell, J.G., Andrew, R.M., Le Quéré, C., Peters, G.B., Sharifi, A., Yamagata, Y., and Dhakal, S. (2016). Urban infrastructure choices structure climate solutions. Nature Climate Change, 6, 1054–1056.
  • Dechezlepretre, A., and Sato, M. (2017). The Impacts of Environmental Regulations on Competitiveness. Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 11(2), 183-206.
  • Deschenes, O. (2013). Green Jobs. IZA Policy Paper No. 62, Germany.
  • Dickey, D. A., and Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057-1072.
  • Dincer H., and Karakus, H. (2020). Yenilenebilir Enerji Yatırımları ile İstihdam Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi: G7 Ülkeleri Üzerine Ekonometrik Bir Analiz. İstatistik ve Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi, 1(1), 40-49.
  • Doorey, D. J. (2017). Just Transitions Law: Putting Labour Law to Work on Climate Change. Journal of Environmental Law and Practice 201, 30(2), 1-49.
  • Dordmond, G., de Oliveira, H. C., Silva, I. R., and Swart, J. (2021). The complexity of green job creation: an analysis of green job development in Brazil. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23, 723–746.
  • Dvořák, P., Martinát, S., Van der Horst, D., Frantál, B., and Turečková, K. (2017). Renewable energy investment and job creation; a cross-sectoral assessment for the Czech Republic with reference to EU benchmarks. Renewable Sustainability Energy Review, 69, 360–368.
  • Engle, R. F., and Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251-276.
  • Fragkos, P., and Paroussos, L. (2018). Employment creation in EU related to renewables expansion. Applied Energy, 230, 935-945.
  • Frondel, M., Ritter, N., Schmidt, C. M., and Vance, C. (2010). Economic impacts from the promotion of renewable energy Technologies: The German experience. Energy Policy, 38(8), 4048-4056.
  • Greenstone, M. (2002). The Impacts of Environmental Regulations on Industrial Activity: Evidence from the 1970 and 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments and the Census of Manufactures. Journal of Political Economy, 110(6), 1175-1219.
  • Gueye, M. K., and Fyfe, A. M. (2015). Decent Jobs in a Safe Climate: ILO Solutions for Climate Action. International Labour Office, Geneva.
  • Hafstead, M. A. C., and Williams III, R. C. (2018). Unemployment and environmental regulation in general equilibrium. Journal of Public Economics, 160, 50-65.
  • Hassler, U., and Wolters, J. (2006). Autoregressive distributed lag models and cointegration. Allgemeines Statistisches Archive, 40, 59-74.
  • Henriques, C. O., Coelho, D. H., and Cassidy, N. L. (2016). Employment impact assessment of renewable energy targets for electricity generation by 2020—An IO LCA approach. Sustainable Cities and Society, 26, 519-530.
  • Herrera, A. M. (2018). Oil price shocks, inventors, and macroeconomic Dynamics. Macroeconomic Dynamics, 22(3), 620-639.
  • Hillebrand, B., Buttermann, H. G., Behringer, J. M., and Bleuel, M. (2006). The expansion of renewable energies and employment effects in Germany. Energy Policy, 34(18), 3484-3494.
  • Hondo, H., and Moriizumi, Y. (2017). Employment creation potential of renewable power generation technologies: A life cycle approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 79, 128-136.
  • IEA, Energy Statistics, available at: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/energy-statistics-data-browser?country=TURKEY&fuel=Energy%20consumption&indicator=TFCbySource, (accessed 12.05.2023).
  • ILOa, (2018). World Employment and Social Outlook 2018 Greening with jobs. International Labour Office, Geneva.
  • ILOb, (2018). The future of work in a changing natural environment: Climate change, degradation and sustainability. International Labour Organization, Geneva.
  • ILOc, (2018). The employment impact of climate change adaptation. Input Document for the G20 Climate Sustainability Working Group, International Labour Office, Geneva.
  • IPCC, (2014). Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Working Group III Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, (Ed. R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer), IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Kolsuz, G., and Yeldan, E. (2017). Economics of climate change and green employment: A general equilibrium investigation for Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 70, 1240-1250.
  • Küster, R., Ellersdorfer, I. R., and Fahl, U. (2007). A Cge-Analysis of Energy Policies Considering Labor Market Imperfections and Technology Specifications. Nota di Lavoro, No. 7.2007, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM), Milano.
  • Lambert, R. J., and Silva, P. P. (2012). The challenges of determining the employment effects of renewable energy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(7), 4667-4674.
  • Markandya, A., Arto, I., González-Eguino, M., and Román, M. V. (2016). Towards a green energy economy? Tracking the employment effects of low-carbon technologies in the European Union. Applied Energy, 179, 1342-1350.
  • Martinez-Fernandez, C., Ranieri, A., and Sharpe, S. (2014). Green skills for a low-carbon future. Greener Skills and Jobs, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • Montt, G., Wiebe, K. S., Harsdorff, M., Simas, M., Bonnet A., and Wood, R. (2018). Does Climate Action Destroy Jobs? An Assessment of the Employment Implications of the 2-Degree Goal. International Labour Review, 157(4), 521-522.
  • Morriss, A. P., Bogart, W. T., Dorchak, A., and Meiners, R. E. (2010). Green Job Myths. University of Illinois Law and Economics Research Paper Series No: Le09-001.
  • Mu, Y., Cai, W., Evans, S., Wang, C., and Roland-Holst, D. (2018). Employment impacts of renewable energy policies in China: A decomposition analysis based on a CGE modeling framework. Applied Energy, 210, 256-267.
  • Oliveira, C., Cassidy, N., and Coelho, D. (2014). Employment effects of electricity generation from renewable energy technologies in the UK. 22nd International Input-Output Conference & 4th Edition of the International School of IO Analysis, 14, Portugal.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., and Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
  • Phillips P. C. B., and Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika, 75, 335-346.
  • Proença, S., and Fortes, P. (2020). The social face of renewables: Econometric analysis of the relationship between renewables and employment. Energy Reports, 6(1), 581-586.
  • Rafiq, S. Salim, R. and Sgro, P. M. (2018). Energy, unemployment and trade. Applied Economics, 50(47), 5122-5134.
  • Ram, M., Aghahosseini, A., and Breyer, C. (2020). Job creation during the global energy transition towards 100% renewable power system by 2050, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 151, 1-19.
  • Rivers, N. (2013). Renewable energy and unemployment: A general equilibrium analysis. Resource and Energy Economics, 35(4), 467-485.
  • Saboori, B., Gholipour, H. F., Rasoulinezhad, E., and Ranjbar, O. (2022). Renewable energy sources and unemployment rate: Evidence from the US states. Energy Policy, 168, 1-12.
  • Sastresa, E., Usón, A., Bribián, I., and Scarpelleni, S. (2010). Local impact of renewables on employment: assessment methodology and case study. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14, 679-690.
  • Sequeira, T. N., and SerraSantos, M. (2018). Renewable energy and politics: a systematic review and new evidence. Journal of Cleaner Production, 192, 553-568.
  • Simas, M., and Pacca, S. (2014). Assessing employment in renewable energy technologies: A case study for wind power in Brazil. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 31, 83-90.
  • Sooriyaarachchi, T. M., Tsai, I. T., El Khatib, S. Farid, A. M., and Mezher, T. (2015). Job creation potentials and skill requirements in, PV, CSP, wind, water-to-energy and energy efficiency value chains. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, 653–668.
  • Sulich, A., and Sołoducho-Pelc, L. (2022). The circular economy and the Green Jobs creation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 14231–14247.
  • Tatli, H., and Barak, D. (2019). The Relationship Between Female Unemployment and Energy Consumption: The Case of OECD Countries. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 24, 215-232.
  • Telli, C., Voyvoda E., and Yeldan, E. (2008). Macroeconomics of twin-targeting in Turkey: Analytics of a financial computable general equilibrium model. International Review of Applied Economics,22(2), 227-242.
  • TURKSTAT, MEDAS, available at: http://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=72&locale=tr, (accessed 12.05.2023).
  • Vona, F., Marin, G., and Consoli, D. (2019). Measures, Drivers, and Effects of Green Employment: Evidence from US Local Labor Markets, 2006-2014. Journal of Economic Geography, 19, 1021–1048.
  • Wei, M., Patadia, S., and Kammen, D. M. (2010). Putting renewables and energy efficiency to work: How many jobs can the clean energy industry generate in the US?. Energy Policy, 38(2), 919-931.
  • Yilanci, V., Islamoglu, E., Yildirimalp, S., and Candan, G. (2020). The Relationship between Unemployment Rates and Renewable Energy Consumption: Evidence from Fourier ADL Cointegration Test. alphanumeric journal, 8(1), 17-28.
  • Yu, B. (2021). Ecological effects of new-type urbanization in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 135, 1-14.
  • Zhao, X., and Luo, D. (2017). Force of rising renewable energy in China: Environment, regulation and employment. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 68(1), 48-56.
  • Zivot, E., and Andrews, D. W. K. (1992). Further Evidence on the Great Crash, the Oil-Price Shock, and the Unit-Root Hypothesis. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 20(1), 25-44.
Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çalışma Ekonomisi, İklim ve Su Politikaları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Olcay Besnili Memiş 0000-0003-1821-2143

Faruk Sapancalı 0000-0002-7443-6283

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 5 Nisan 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Eylül 2023
Kabul Tarihi 26 Ocak 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 39 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Besnili Memiş, O., & Sapancalı, F. (2024). Impact of Global Climate Change on The Labour Market: Evidence from Türkiye. İzmir İktisat Dergisi, 39(2), 361-374. https://doi.org/10.24988/ije.1368048
 Kapak Resmi İndir

İzmir İktisat Dergisi
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tarafından taranmaktadır.

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Yayınevi Web Sitesi
https://kutuphane.deu.edu.tr/yayinevi/

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https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ije/contacts


İZMİR İKTİSAT DERGİSİ 2022 yılı 37. cilt 1. sayı ile birlikte sadece elektronik olarak yayınlanmaya başlamıştır.