BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

External Debt Stock and Human Capital Relationship: An Application in terms of Investment in Education and Health

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 49 - 61, 01.03.2017

Servet Ceylan Mehmet Durkaya

Öz

In the study, the long run relationships between external debt and public investments in education and health are investigated. In the analysis, including annual time series data for the period 1989-2014, bound test based on ARDL model has been used to determine the long run relationships. The findings have shown that there is a positive long run relationship between external debt and public investments in education and health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Economic Growth External Debt Human Capital Co-integration Bound Test

Kaynakça

  • Baldacci, E., Clements, B., Gupta, S. ve Cui., Q. (2004), “Social Spending, Human Capital, and Growth in Developing Countries: Implications for Achieving the MDGs”, IMF Working Paper, WP/04/217.
  • Bangura, S., Kitabire, D. ve Powell, R. (2000), “External Debt Management in Low-Income Countries”, IMF Working Paper, WP/00/196.
  • Berber M. (2006), İktisadi Büyüme ve Kalkınma, Derya Kitapevi, 3. Baskı, Trabzon.
  • Blavy, R. (2006), “Public Debt and Productivity: The Difficult Quest for Growth in Jamaica”, IMF Working Paper, WP/06/235.
  • Calderón, C., Easterly, W. ve Servėn, L. (2003), “Latin America’s Infrastructure in the Era of Macroeconomic Crisis”, The Limits of Stabilization: Infrastructure, Public Deficits, and Growth in Latin America, Ed:William Easterly ve Luis Serven, Stanford University Press, and The World Bank, 27162, Washington DC.
  • Cashel-Cordo, P. ve Craig, S. G. (1990), “The Public Sector Impact of International Resource Transfers”, Journal of Development Economics, 32(1), 17–42.
  • Depetris Chauvin, Nicolas ve Kraay, Aart (2005), “ What has 100 Billion Dollars Worth of Debt Relief Done for Low-Income Countries?” (https://ssrn.com/abstract=818504 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.818504 ,10.09.2015.
  • Clements, B., Bhattacharya, R. ve Nguyen, T. Q. (2003), “External Debt, Public Investment, and Growth in Low-Income Countries”, IMF Working Paper, WP/03/249.
  • Dessy, S.E. ve Vencatachellum, D. (2007), “Debt Relief and Social Services Expenditure: The African Experience, 1989-2003”, African Development Review, 19(1), 200-216.
  • Dickey, D. ve Fuller, W. A. (1979), “Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Series with a Unit Root”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 427-431.
  • Durbarry, R., Seetanah, B. ve Padachi, K. (2008), “An Empirical Assessement of External Debt on Economic Growth: The Case of Africa in a Panel Var”, Journal of International Finance & Economics.
  • Dutta, I. (2007), “The Burden of Government Debt in the Indian States; Implications for the MDG Poverty Target”, Unonited Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research Paper, No: 2007/14.
  • Enders, W. (2004), Applied Econometric Time Series,2nd Edition, John Willey&Sons, USA.
  • Engle, Robert F. and C.W.J. Granger; (1987), “Cointegration and Error-Correction: Representation, Estimation and Testing”, Econometrica, 55(2), 251-276.
  • Fosu, A. K. (2007), “Fiscal Allocation for Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications of the External Debt Service Constraint”, World Development, 35 (4), 702-713.
  • Fosu, A. K. (2008), “Implications of the External Debt-Servicing Constraint for Public Health Expenditure in Sub-Saharan Africa”, Oxford Development Studies, 36(4), 363-377.
  • Hameed, A., Ashraf, H. ve Chaudhary, M.A. (2008), “External Debt and its Impact on Economic and Business Growth in Pakistan”, International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 20(20), 132-140.
  • Heller, P.S. ve Diamond, J. (1990), “International Comparisons of Government Expenditure Revisited: The Developing Countries 1975-86”, IMF Occasional Paper, 69.
  • Hepp, R. (2005), “Health Expenditures Under the HIPC Debt Initiative”, http://ssrn.com/abstract=819665, 10.09.2015
  • Hicks, N. L. (1989), “Expenditure Reductions in High-Debt Countries”, Finance and Development, 26, 35-37.
  • Hicks, N. L. (1991), “Expenditure Reductions in Developing Countries Revisited”, Journal of International Development, 3(1), 29-37.
  • Johansen, S. (1988), “Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors”, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12, 231-254.
  • Lora, E.ve Olivera, M. (2007), “Public Debt and Social Expenditure: Friends or Foes?” Emerging Markets Review, 8(4), 299–310.
  • Mahdavi, S. (2004), “Shifts in the Composition of Government Spending in Response to External Debt Burden”, World Development, 32(7), 1139-1157.
  • Moss, T. J. ve Chiang, H. S. (2003), “The Other Costs of High Debt in Poor Countries: Growth, Policy Dynamics, and Institutions”, Center for Global Development, Issue Paper on Debt Sustainability, 3, 44271, Washington DC.
  • Pattillo, C., Poirson, H. ve Ricci, L., (2004), “What are the Channels Through Which External Debt Affects Growth?”, IMF Working Paper, WP/ 04/15.
  • Peseran, Hashem M., Yongcheol Shin ve Richard Smith (2001), “Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289- 326.
  • Serieux, J. ve Samy, Y. (2001), “The Debt Service Burden and Growth: Evidence From Low Income Countries”, The North-South Institute, Canada, http://website1.wider.uni.edu/ confarance/confarance2001.2/parallel%20papers/4_2_Serieux.pdf,11.09.2015
  • Tanrıkulu, K. (1983), “Türkiye’de Ekonomik Büyüme ve Dış Borç İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi”, DPT, Yayınlanmamış Uzmanlık Tezi, Ankara.
  • Thomas, A. (2006), “Do Debt-Service Savings and Grants Boost Social Expenditures?”, IMF Working Paper, WP/06/180.
  • Ünsal, E. M. (2009), Makro İktisat, İmaj Yayınevi, 8. Baskı, Ankara.

Dış Borç ve Beşeri Sermaye İlişkisi: Eğitim ve Sağlık Yatırımları Açısından Bir Uygulama

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 49 - 61, 01.03.2017

Servet Ceylan Mehmet Durkaya

Öz

Çalışmada, dış borç stoku ile kamunun eğitim ve sağlık yatırımları arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişkiler incelenmiştir. 1989-2014 dönemi yıllık zaman serilerini içeren analizde uzun dönem ilişkileri tespit etmek için ARDL modeline dayalı sınır testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, Türkiye ekonomisinde dış borç ile kamu sağlık yatırımları ve dış borç ile kamu eğitim yatırımları arasında uzun dönemli pozitif yönlü ilişkinin olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ekonomik Büyüme Dış Borç Beşeri Sermaye Ko-entegrasyon Sınır Testi

Kaynakça

  • Baldacci, E., Clements, B., Gupta, S. ve Cui., Q. (2004), “Social Spending, Human Capital, and Growth in Developing Countries: Implications for Achieving the MDGs”, IMF Working Paper, WP/04/217.
  • Bangura, S., Kitabire, D. ve Powell, R. (2000), “External Debt Management in Low-Income Countries”, IMF Working Paper, WP/00/196.
  • Berber M. (2006), İktisadi Büyüme ve Kalkınma, Derya Kitapevi, 3. Baskı, Trabzon.
  • Blavy, R. (2006), “Public Debt and Productivity: The Difficult Quest for Growth in Jamaica”, IMF Working Paper, WP/06/235.
  • Calderón, C., Easterly, W. ve Servėn, L. (2003), “Latin America’s Infrastructure in the Era of Macroeconomic Crisis”, The Limits of Stabilization: Infrastructure, Public Deficits, and Growth in Latin America, Ed:William Easterly ve Luis Serven, Stanford University Press, and The World Bank, 27162, Washington DC.
  • Cashel-Cordo, P. ve Craig, S. G. (1990), “The Public Sector Impact of International Resource Transfers”, Journal of Development Economics, 32(1), 17–42.
  • Depetris Chauvin, Nicolas ve Kraay, Aart (2005), “ What has 100 Billion Dollars Worth of Debt Relief Done for Low-Income Countries?” (https://ssrn.com/abstract=818504 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.818504 ,10.09.2015.
  • Clements, B., Bhattacharya, R. ve Nguyen, T. Q. (2003), “External Debt, Public Investment, and Growth in Low-Income Countries”, IMF Working Paper, WP/03/249.
  • Dessy, S.E. ve Vencatachellum, D. (2007), “Debt Relief and Social Services Expenditure: The African Experience, 1989-2003”, African Development Review, 19(1), 200-216.
  • Dickey, D. ve Fuller, W. A. (1979), “Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Series with a Unit Root”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 427-431.
  • Durbarry, R., Seetanah, B. ve Padachi, K. (2008), “An Empirical Assessement of External Debt on Economic Growth: The Case of Africa in a Panel Var”, Journal of International Finance & Economics.
  • Dutta, I. (2007), “The Burden of Government Debt in the Indian States; Implications for the MDG Poverty Target”, Unonited Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research Paper, No: 2007/14.
  • Enders, W. (2004), Applied Econometric Time Series,2nd Edition, John Willey&Sons, USA.
  • Engle, Robert F. and C.W.J. Granger; (1987), “Cointegration and Error-Correction: Representation, Estimation and Testing”, Econometrica, 55(2), 251-276.
  • Fosu, A. K. (2007), “Fiscal Allocation for Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications of the External Debt Service Constraint”, World Development, 35 (4), 702-713.
  • Fosu, A. K. (2008), “Implications of the External Debt-Servicing Constraint for Public Health Expenditure in Sub-Saharan Africa”, Oxford Development Studies, 36(4), 363-377.
  • Hameed, A., Ashraf, H. ve Chaudhary, M.A. (2008), “External Debt and its Impact on Economic and Business Growth in Pakistan”, International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 20(20), 132-140.
  • Heller, P.S. ve Diamond, J. (1990), “International Comparisons of Government Expenditure Revisited: The Developing Countries 1975-86”, IMF Occasional Paper, 69.
  • Hepp, R. (2005), “Health Expenditures Under the HIPC Debt Initiative”, http://ssrn.com/abstract=819665, 10.09.2015
  • Hicks, N. L. (1989), “Expenditure Reductions in High-Debt Countries”, Finance and Development, 26, 35-37.
  • Hicks, N. L. (1991), “Expenditure Reductions in Developing Countries Revisited”, Journal of International Development, 3(1), 29-37.
  • Johansen, S. (1988), “Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors”, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12, 231-254.
  • Lora, E.ve Olivera, M. (2007), “Public Debt and Social Expenditure: Friends or Foes?” Emerging Markets Review, 8(4), 299–310.
  • Mahdavi, S. (2004), “Shifts in the Composition of Government Spending in Response to External Debt Burden”, World Development, 32(7), 1139-1157.
  • Moss, T. J. ve Chiang, H. S. (2003), “The Other Costs of High Debt in Poor Countries: Growth, Policy Dynamics, and Institutions”, Center for Global Development, Issue Paper on Debt Sustainability, 3, 44271, Washington DC.
  • Pattillo, C., Poirson, H. ve Ricci, L., (2004), “What are the Channels Through Which External Debt Affects Growth?”, IMF Working Paper, WP/ 04/15.
  • Peseran, Hashem M., Yongcheol Shin ve Richard Smith (2001), “Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289- 326.
  • Serieux, J. ve Samy, Y. (2001), “The Debt Service Burden and Growth: Evidence From Low Income Countries”, The North-South Institute, Canada, http://website1.wider.uni.edu/ confarance/confarance2001.2/parallel%20papers/4_2_Serieux.pdf,11.09.2015
  • Tanrıkulu, K. (1983), “Türkiye’de Ekonomik Büyüme ve Dış Borç İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi”, DPT, Yayınlanmamış Uzmanlık Tezi, Ankara.
  • Thomas, A. (2006), “Do Debt-Service Savings and Grants Boost Social Expenditures?”, IMF Working Paper, WP/06/180.
  • Ünsal, E. M. (2009), Makro İktisat, İmaj Yayınevi, 8. Baskı, Ankara.
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Servet Ceylan

Mehmet Durkaya

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ceylan, S., & Durkaya, M. (2017). Dış Borç ve Beşeri Sermaye İlişkisi: Eğitim ve Sağlık Yatırımları Açısından Bir Uygulama. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(1), 49-61.
AMA Ceylan S, Durkaya M. Dış Borç ve Beşeri Sermaye İlişkisi: Eğitim ve Sağlık Yatırımları Açısından Bir Uygulama. UEAD. Mart 2017;3(1):49-61.
Chicago Ceylan, Servet, ve Mehmet Durkaya. “Dış Borç Ve Beşeri Sermaye İlişkisi: Eğitim Ve Sağlık Yatırımları Açısından Bir Uygulama”. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 3, sy. 1 (Mart 2017): 49-61.
EndNote Ceylan S, Durkaya M (01 Mart 2017) Dış Borç ve Beşeri Sermaye İlişkisi: Eğitim ve Sağlık Yatırımları Açısından Bir Uygulama. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 3 1 49–61.
IEEE S. Ceylan ve M. Durkaya, “Dış Borç ve Beşeri Sermaye İlişkisi: Eğitim ve Sağlık Yatırımları Açısından Bir Uygulama”, UEAD, c. 3, sy. 1, ss. 49–61, 2017.
ISNAD Ceylan, Servet - Durkaya, Mehmet. “Dış Borç Ve Beşeri Sermaye İlişkisi: Eğitim Ve Sağlık Yatırımları Açısından Bir Uygulama”. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi 3/1 (Mart 2017), 49-61.
JAMA Ceylan S, Durkaya M. Dış Borç ve Beşeri Sermaye İlişkisi: Eğitim ve Sağlık Yatırımları Açısından Bir Uygulama. UEAD. 2017;3:49–61.
MLA Ceylan, Servet ve Mehmet Durkaya. “Dış Borç Ve Beşeri Sermaye İlişkisi: Eğitim Ve Sağlık Yatırımları Açısından Bir Uygulama”. Uluslararası Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 1, 2017, ss. 49-61.
Vancouver Ceylan S, Durkaya M. Dış Borç ve Beşeri Sermaye İlişkisi: Eğitim ve Sağlık Yatırımları Açısından Bir Uygulama. UEAD. 2017;3(1):49-61.