Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2023,
Sayı: 2, 147 - 189, 29.12.2023
Öz
Günümüzün vekâlet savaşları yalnızca küresel güçler veya bölgesel aktörler tarafından değil, aynı zamanda siyasi motivasyonlu devlet dışı silahlı aktörler tarafından da yürütülmektedir. Bununla birlikte mevcut literatürde vekâlet yoluyla savaş stratejisi çoğunlukla bir devlet aktörünün başka bir devlete ya da devlet dışı silahlı bir gruba sponsorluğu olarak algılanmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, vekâlet savaşına ilişkin mevcut anlayışlar, geleneksel olmayan vekâlet savaşı biçimlerini açıklamak için yeterli bir çerçeve sağlamamaktadır. Bu makale devlet sponsorluğunda olmayan vekâlet savaşını incelemektedir. Makalenin temel amacı, devlet sponsorluğunda olmayan vekâlet savaşına ilişkin bazı genel parametreleri ortaya çıkarmak ve böylece devlet sponsorluğunda olmayan vekâlet savaşının, devlet sponsorluğundaki vekâlet savaşından farklı olup olmadığını ve eğer öyleyse, ne ölçüde farklı olduğunu ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda, makale üç kısa örnek olayı incelemektedir: El-Kaide’nin Kuzey Kafkasya’daki radikal Selefi hareketlere sponsorluğu, Hizbullah’ın Yemenli Husilere sponsorluğu ve Leşker-i Tayyibe’nin Hint Mücahitlerine sponsorluğu. Çalışmanın bulguları devlet hamiliğinde olmayan vekâlet savaşının özü itibariyle devlet hamiliğindeki vekâlet savaşından farklı olmadığına bununla birlikte söz konusu aktörlerin vekilleriyle tesis ettikleri ilişki biçimleri arasında az da olsa farklılıklar bulunduğuna işaret etmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
vekalet savaşı devlet dışı aktörler el kaide hizbullah leşker-i tayyibe
Etik Beyan
Bu makale Small Wars Journal isimli çevrimiçi bir dergi için 21 Nisan 2022 tarihinde kaleme alınan “Non-State-Led Proxy Warfare: The Missing Link in the Proxy Wars Debate” isimli düşünce yazısının gözden geçirilmiş, güncellenmiş ve genişletilmiş versiyonudur.
Kaynakça
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- Levitt, Matthew. 2021. Hezbollah’s Regional Activities in Support of Iran’s Proxy Networks. Washington, D.C.: Middle East Institute.
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- Markedonov, Sergey. 2010. Radical Islam in the North Caucasus Evolving Threats, Challenges, and Prospects. Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic & International Studies.
- Mumford, Andrew. 2013. Proxy Warfare. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
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- Peters, Ralph. 2006. “Lessons from Lebanon: The New Model Terrorist Army.” Armed Forces Journal International, October 1, 2006. http://armedforcesjournal.com/lessons-from-lebanon/.
- Phillips, Christopher ve Morten Valbjørn. 2018. “ ‘What is in a Name?’: The Role of (Different) Identities in the Multiple Proxy Wars in Syria.” Small Wars & Insurgencies 29 (3): 414-433.
- Pokalova, Elena. 2015. “The Islamic State Comes to Russia?” War on the Rocks, July 20, 2015. https://warontherocks.com/2015/07/the-islamic-state-comes-to-russia/.
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- Rondeaux, Candace ve David Sterman. 2019. Twenty-First Century Proxy Warfare: Confronting Strategic Innovation in a Multipolar World Since the 2011 NATO Intervention. Washington D.C: New America.
- Saeed Al-Batati. 2021 “Yemen Army Kills Hezbollah Military Expert in Marib.” Arab News, December 09, 2021. https://www.arabnews.com/node/1984261/middle-east.
- Salehyan, Ideal. 2009. Rebels Without Borders: Transnational Insurgencies in World Politics. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
- Solmaz, Tarık. 2018. “Terörizmle Mücadelede Uluslararası İşbirliği: Şangay İşbirliği Örgütü Örneği.” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, TOBB Ekonomi ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi.
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- Tierney, Dominic. 2021 “The Future of Sino-U.S. Proxy War.” Texas National Security Review 4(2) (Spring): 49-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/13198.
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- Visel, Thomas. 2016. Nationalist to Transnational Insurgency: State Repression and Violent Extremist Scale Shift. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: School of Advanced Military Studies United States Army Command and General Staff College.
- Watts, Stephen, Bryan Frederick, Nathan Chandler, Mark Toukan, Christian Curriden, Erik E. Mueller ve Edward Geist. 2023. Proxy Warfare in Strategic Competition: Overarching Findings and Recommendations. Santa Monica. CA: RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA307-1.html.
- Wither, James K. 2020. “Outsourcing warfare: Proxy forces in contemporary armed conflicts.” Security and Defence Quarterly 31(4): 17-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35467/sdq/127928
- Zimmerman, Katherine. 2022. Yemen’s Houthis and the Expansion of Iran’s Axis of Resistance. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute.
Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Uluslararası Güvenlik |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Aralık 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 23 Ekim 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 23 Aralık 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Sayı: 2 |
Diplomasi ve Strateji Çalışmaları Derneği kurumsal yayınıdır.