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The Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Willingness to Cooperate with Robots: Mediating Effects of Nursing Students’ Belief About Human Nature and Trust in Robots

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 30 - 47, 16.06.2022

Öz

Organizations providing healthcare services adopt modern technologies to improve the quality of the services they offer. Deploying the human-robot cooperation process in organizations is a challenge and organizations need to prepare their employees for the process. A single individual characteristic may be a variable that affects an employee’s adoption process. To learn whether individual characteristics affect this process, this paper examined how nursing students’ attachment styles have an effect on the human-robot cooperation process and whether beliefs about human nature have a mediation effect on how nursing students perceive robots. The study investigated how trust in robots affects attachment styles and the willingness to cooperate with robots. Nursing students filled out paper-based surveys in classrooms. Data were analyzed via Pearson product-moment correlations and PROCESS macro. The mediation hypotheses were supported with significant results. In human-robot cooperation, the human operator’s character may affect the entire process. Therefore, studies are needed to focus on the effects of individual factors on the adoption of these technologies.

Kaynakça

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  • Billings, D. R., Schaefer, K. E., Chen, J. Y., and Hancock, P. A. (2012). Human-robot interaction: developing trust in robots. In Proc. 7th Annual ACM/IEEE Int. Conf. on Human–Robot Interaction. Boston, MA, 5–8 March, pp. 109–110. New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/2157689.2157709
  • Borenstein, J., Wagner, A., and Howard, A. (2017). A case study in caregiver overtrust of pediatric healthcare robots. RSS Workshop on Morality and Social Trust in Autonomous Robots, Cambridge, MA.
  • Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Attachment (Vol. 1). New York: Basic Books.
  • Bowlby, J. (1988). Developmental psychiatry comes of age. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 145(1), 1-10. doi:10.1176/ajp.145.1.1
  • Carayon, P. (2006). Handbook of human factors and ergonomics in health care and patient safety. CRC Press. doi:10.1201/b11219
  • Cohen, A. B. (2009). Many forms of culture. American Psychologist, 64(3), 194–204. doi:10.1037/a0015308
  • Collins, E. C., Millings, A., and Prescott, T. J. (2013). Attachment to assistive technology: A new conceptualization. In Assistive Technology: From Research to Practice, Encarnação, P., Azevedo, L., Gelderblom, G. J., Newell, A., & Mathiassen N. IOS Press, 823-828. doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-304-9-823
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  • Day, A., and Leiter, M. P. (2014). The good and bad of working relationships: Implications for burnout. In M. P. Leiter, A. B. Bakker, & C. Maslach (Eds.), Burnout at work (pp. 56 –79). London, UK: Psychology Press.
  • de Graaf, M. M. (2016). An ethical evaluation of human–robot relationships. International Journal of Social Robotics, 8(4), 589-598. doi:10.1007/s12369-016-0368-5
  • De Visser, E., Parasuraman, R., Freedy, A., Freedy, E., and Weltman, G. (2006). A comprehensive methodology for assessing human-robot team performance for use in training and simulation. In Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (pp. 2639–2643). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. doi:10.1037/e577792012-007
  • Desai, M., Stubbs, K., Steinfeld, A., and Yanco, H. (2009). Creating trustworthy robots: Lessons and inspirations from automated systems. Paper presented at the AISB Conv.: New Front. Human–Robot Interaction, Edinburgh, U.K., Apr. 6–9, 2009.
  • Erebak, S. (2019). Is the belief that human nature is good or evil related to the stance on the possible social influence of robots? Journal of Turkish Social Sciences Research, 4(2), 149-158. Retrieved from http://tursbad.hku.edu.tr/tr/download/article-file/840672
  • Erebak, S., and Turgut, T. (2019). Caregivers’ attitudes toward potential robot coworkers in elder care. Cognition, Technology & Work, 21(2), 327-336. doi:10.1007/s10111-018-0512-0
  • Eyssel, F., and Hegel, F. (2012). (s) he's got the look: Gender stereotyping of robots. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(9), 2213-2230. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00937.x
  • Fishbein, M., and Ajzen, I. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behaviour. Englewood Cliffs: Prendice Hall.
  • Fraley, R. C., and Shaver, P. R. (2008). Attachment theory and its place in contemporary personality theory and research. Handbook of Personality: Theory Research, 3, 518-541.
  • Griffin, D. W., and Bartholomew, K. (1994). Models of the self and other: Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(3), 430. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.3.430
  • Hancock, P. A., Billings, D. R., Schaefer, K. E., Chen, J. Y., De Visser, E. J., and Parasuraman, R. (2011). A meta-analysis of factors affecting trust in human-robot interaction. Human Factors, 53(5), 517-527. doi:10.1177/0018720811417254
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  • Hayes, A. F. (2012). PROCESS: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling [White paper]. Retrieved from http://www.afhayes.com/public/process2012.pdf
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Bağlanma Stilleri ile Robotlarla İşbirliği Yapma İsteği Arasındaki İlişki: Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin İnsan Doğasına İlişkin İnançları ve Robotlara Güvenlerinin Aracı Etkileri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 30 - 47, 16.06.2022

Öz

Sağlık hizmeti sunan kuruluşlar, sundukları hizmetin kalitesini artırmak için modern teknolojileri edinmektedir. Organizasyonlarda insan-robot işbirliği sürecini sağlamak zorlu bir aşamadır. Bu kuruluşların çalışanlarını bu sürece hazırlaması gerekir. Kişilik özellikleri bu teknolojileri benimseme sürecini etkileyen bir değişken olabilir. Bu çalışmada, bazı bireysel özelliklerin bu süreci etkileyip etkilemediğini öğrenmek için, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin bağlanma stillerinin nasıl bir etkiye sahip olduğunu ve insan doğasına dair inancın insanların robotlara dair algısı üzerinde aracılık etkisinin olup olmadığını incelenmiştir. Robotlara duyulan güvenin bağlanma stillerini ve robotlarla işbirliği yapma istekliliğini nasıl etkilediği de araştırılmıştır. Hemşirelik öğrencileri sınıflarda anketleri doldurmuştur. Veriler, Pearson çarpım-moment korelasyon katsayısı ve PROCESS makro ile analiz edilmiştir. Aracılık hipotezleri desteklenmiştir. İnsan-robot işbirliğinde, bireyin karakteri tüm süreci etkileyebilir. Bu nedenle, bu teknolojilerin benimsenmesinde bireysel faktörlerin etkilerine odaklanmak için yeni çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Kaynakça

  • Ainsworth, M. D. (1985). Patterns of infant-mother attachments: antecedents and effects on development. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 61(9), 771-791.
  • Basım, H. N. (1998). Yönetim ve örgütlenme süreçlerinde ulusal kültür etkisi: İşletme yöneticilerinin kültürel görüş açıları üzerine uygulamalı bir araştırma. (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation), Gazi University, Ankara.
  • Beilmann, M., and Lilleoja, L. (2015). Social trust and value similarity: The relationship between social trust and human values in Europe. Studies of Transition States Societies, 7(2), 19-30.
  • Berscheid, E., and Peplau, L. A. (1983). The emerging science of relationships. In H. H. Kelley, E. Berscheid, A. Christensen, J. H. Harvey, T. L. Huston, G. Levinger, E. McClintock, L. A. Peplau, & D. R. Peterson (Eds.), Close relationships (pp. 1-19). New York: W. H. Freeman.
  • Billings, D. R., Schaefer, K. E., Chen, J. Y., and Hancock, P. A. (2012). Human-robot interaction: developing trust in robots. In Proc. 7th Annual ACM/IEEE Int. Conf. on Human–Robot Interaction. Boston, MA, 5–8 March, pp. 109–110. New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/2157689.2157709
  • Borenstein, J., Wagner, A., and Howard, A. (2017). A case study in caregiver overtrust of pediatric healthcare robots. RSS Workshop on Morality and Social Trust in Autonomous Robots, Cambridge, MA.
  • Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Attachment (Vol. 1). New York: Basic Books.
  • Bowlby, J. (1988). Developmental psychiatry comes of age. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 145(1), 1-10. doi:10.1176/ajp.145.1.1
  • Carayon, P. (2006). Handbook of human factors and ergonomics in health care and patient safety. CRC Press. doi:10.1201/b11219
  • Cohen, A. B. (2009). Many forms of culture. American Psychologist, 64(3), 194–204. doi:10.1037/a0015308
  • Collins, E. C., Millings, A., and Prescott, T. J. (2013). Attachment to assistive technology: A new conceptualization. In Assistive Technology: From Research to Practice, Encarnação, P., Azevedo, L., Gelderblom, G. J., Newell, A., & Mathiassen N. IOS Press, 823-828. doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-304-9-823
  • Collins, N. L., and Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(4), 644. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.4.644
  • Day, A., and Leiter, M. P. (2014). The good and bad of working relationships: Implications for burnout. In M. P. Leiter, A. B. Bakker, & C. Maslach (Eds.), Burnout at work (pp. 56 –79). London, UK: Psychology Press.
  • de Graaf, M. M. (2016). An ethical evaluation of human–robot relationships. International Journal of Social Robotics, 8(4), 589-598. doi:10.1007/s12369-016-0368-5
  • De Visser, E., Parasuraman, R., Freedy, A., Freedy, E., and Weltman, G. (2006). A comprehensive methodology for assessing human-robot team performance for use in training and simulation. In Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (pp. 2639–2643). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. doi:10.1037/e577792012-007
  • Desai, M., Stubbs, K., Steinfeld, A., and Yanco, H. (2009). Creating trustworthy robots: Lessons and inspirations from automated systems. Paper presented at the AISB Conv.: New Front. Human–Robot Interaction, Edinburgh, U.K., Apr. 6–9, 2009.
  • Erebak, S. (2019). Is the belief that human nature is good or evil related to the stance on the possible social influence of robots? Journal of Turkish Social Sciences Research, 4(2), 149-158. Retrieved from http://tursbad.hku.edu.tr/tr/download/article-file/840672
  • Erebak, S., and Turgut, T. (2019). Caregivers’ attitudes toward potential robot coworkers in elder care. Cognition, Technology & Work, 21(2), 327-336. doi:10.1007/s10111-018-0512-0
  • Eyssel, F., and Hegel, F. (2012). (s) he's got the look: Gender stereotyping of robots. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 42(9), 2213-2230. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00937.x
  • Fishbein, M., and Ajzen, I. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behaviour. Englewood Cliffs: Prendice Hall.
  • Fraley, R. C., and Shaver, P. R. (2008). Attachment theory and its place in contemporary personality theory and research. Handbook of Personality: Theory Research, 3, 518-541.
  • Griffin, D. W., and Bartholomew, K. (1994). Models of the self and other: Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(3), 430. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.3.430
  • Hancock, P. A., Billings, D. R., Schaefer, K. E., Chen, J. Y., De Visser, E. J., and Parasuraman, R. (2011). A meta-analysis of factors affecting trust in human-robot interaction. Human Factors, 53(5), 517-527. doi:10.1177/0018720811417254
  • Haring, K. S., Matsumoto, Y., and Watanabe, K. (2013). How do people perceive and trust a lifelike robot? In Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2013, WCECS 2013, 2013.
  • Harms, P. D. (2011). Adult attachment styles in the workplace. Human Resource Management Review, 21(4), 285-296. doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.10.006
  • Hayes, A. F. (2012). PROCESS: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling [White paper]. Retrieved from http://www.afhayes.com/public/process2012.pdf
  • Hazan, C., and Shaver, P. (1990). Love and work: An attachment-theoretical perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(2), 270. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.59.2.270
  • Hui, C. H., and Triandis, H. C. (1986). Individualism-collectivism: A study of cross-cultural researchers. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 17(2), 225-248. International Federation of Robotics. (2019). Executive Summary World Robotics 2019 Service Robots. Retrieved from https://ifr.org/downloads/press2018/Executive_Summary_WR_Service_Robots_2019.pdf
  • Jian, J. Y., Bisantz, A. M., and Drury, C. G. (2000). Foundations for an empirically determined scale of trust in automated systems. International Journal of Cognitive Ergonomics, 4(1), 53-71. doi:10.21236/ada388787
  • Kagermann, H., Helbig, J., Hellinger, A., and Wahlster, W. (2013). Recommendations for implementing the strategic initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0: Securing the future of German manufacturing industry; final report of the Industrie 4.0 Working Group: Forschungsunion.
  • Kahn Jr, P. H., Gary, H. E., and Shen, S. (2013). Children's social relationships with current and near‐future robots. Child Development Perspectives, 7(1), 32-37. doi: 10.1111/cdep.12011
  • Kerepesi, A., Kubinyi, E., Jonsson, G., Magnusson, M., and Miklosi, A. (2006). Behavioural comparison of human–animal (dog) and human–robot (AIBO) interactions. Behavioural Processes, 73(1), 92-99. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2006.04.001
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  • Li, N., Barrick, M. R., Zimmerman, R. D., and Chiaburu, D. S. (2014). Retaining the productive employee: The role of personality. The Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 347-395. doi:10.1080/19416520.2014.890368
  • Li, Y., Tee, K. P., Ge, S. S., and Li, H. (2013). Building companionship through human-robot collaboration. In Social Robotics (G. Herrmann, M. Pearson, A. Lenz, P. Bremner, A. Spiers, and U. Leonards, eds.), vol. 8239 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 1–7, Springer International Publishing, 2013.
  • Matsumoto, D., Kouznetsova, N., Ray, R., Ratzlaff, C., Biehl, M., and Raroque, J. (1999). Psychological culture, physical health, and subjective well-being. Journal of Gender, Culture and Health, 4(1), 1-18.
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  • Ullman, D., and Malle, B. F. (2018). What does it mean to trust a robot?: Steps toward a multidimensional measure of trust. In Companion of the 2018 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (pp. 263-264). ACM. doi:10.1145/3173386.3176991
  • Wagner, A. R. (2009). The role of trust and relationships in human-robot social interaction. (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation), Georgia Institute of Technology. Whiteley, P. F. (2000). Economic growth and social capital. Political Studies, 48(3), 443-466.
  • Wu, J., Paeng, E., Linder, K., Valdesolo, P., and Boerkoel, J. C. (2016). Trust and cooperation in human-robot decision making. In The 2016 AAAI Fall Symposium Series: Artificial Intelligence for Human-Robot Interaction, 110-116. Retrieved from https://aaai.org/ocs/index.php/FSS/FSS16/paper/view/14118
  • Xu, A., and Dudek, G. (2016). Towards modeling real-time trust in asymmetric human–robot collaborations. In Robotics Research (pp. 113-129): Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28872-7_7
  • Yang, X. J., Unhelkar, V. V., Li, K., and Shah, J. A. (2017). Evaluating effects of user experience and system transparency on trust in automation. Proceedings of the 2017 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction – HRI ’17. doi:10.1145/2909824.3020230.
  • Yerdon, V. A., Marlowe, T. A., Volante, W. G., Li, S., and Hancock, P. A. (2017). Investigating cross-cultural differences in trust levels of automotive automation. In Advances in Cross-Cultural Decision Making (pp. 183-194): Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41636-6_15
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Toplam 72 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Serkan Erebak 0000-0002-3777-7249

Necla Kasımoğlu 0000-0001-9957-0959

Yayımlanma Tarihi 16 Haziran 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Erebak, S., & Kasımoğlu, N. (2022). The Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Willingness to Cooperate with Robots: Mediating Effects of Nursing Students’ Belief About Human Nature and Trust in Robots. Current Research and Reviews in Psychology and Psychiatry, 2(1), 30-47.