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Innovation for Economic Growth: G7 vs E7

Year 2024, PRODUCTIVITY FOR INNOVATION, 39 - 56, 15.01.2024

Gökçe Sinem Erbuğa Ayşegül Gürsoy

https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1321338

Abstract

Purpose: The main objective of this research is to examine the impact of R&D expenditures and Global Innovation Index ranking on per capita income in E7 and G7 country groups.
Methodology: Logistic regression model was used as the research method in the study. Stata 18 Data Analysis and Statistical Software Program was used in the analysis of the data. At the hand of Stata 18 Data Analysis and Statistical Software Program, regression analysis was used to estimate the possible and unknown effects of independent variables on the dependent variable. During the collection of the data used in the study, the archive scanning method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used. Archival reports and official records were also used in the study.
Findings: According to the research results, 83.56% of the model is explained by explanatory variables. With all other explanatory variables constant, a 1% increase in R&D expenditure will result in an increase of 0.5243% on GDP per capita. At the same time, this coefficient gives the flexibility of GDP per capita relative to R&D expenditure (%GDP). It is also found out that there is a positive relationship between GDP per capita and R&D expenditure and also, there is a negative relationship between GDP per capita-GII ranking. In this study, which deals with the innovation efficiency of the G7 countries and the E7 countries, and the effect of this performance on the GDP per capita, it is seen that the G7 countries spend more on innovation.
Originality: It contributes to the literature as there is no other study in the literature that deals with per capita income, Global Innovation Index ranking and R&D expenditures comparatively between the G7 and E7.

Keywords

: innovation Global Innovation Index G7 E7

References

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  • Baykul, A. (2022). “İnovasyonun Belirleyicileri: Küresel İnovasyon Endeksi Üzerinde Bir Araştırma”, Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(1), 52-66.
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  • Gürtuna, F. and Polat, U. (2020). “Küresel İnovasyon Endeksi Verilerinin Kümeleme Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi”, Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(2), 551-566.
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  • Inekwe, J.N. (2015). “The Contribution of R&D Expenditure to Economic Growth in Developing Economies”, Social Indicators Research, 124(3), 727-745.
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Ekonomik Büyüme için İnovasyon: G7, E7’ye Karşı

Year 2024, PRODUCTIVITY FOR INNOVATION, 39 - 56, 15.01.2024

Gökçe Sinem Erbuğa Ayşegül Gürsoy

https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1321338

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı E7 ve G7 ülke gruplarında Ar-Ge harcamaları ve Küresel İnovasyon Endeksi sıralamasının kişi başına düşen gelir üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesidir.
Yöntem: Araştırmada araştırma yöntemi olarak lojistik regresyon modeli; verilerin analizinde Stata 18 Veri Analizi ve İstatistik Yazılım Programı kullanılmıştır. Stata 18 Programında bağımsız değişkenlerin bağımlı değişken üzerindeki olası ve bilinmeyen etkilerini tahmin etmek için regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca araştırmada kullanılan verilerin toplanması sırasında nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan arşiv tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada arşiv raporlarından ve resmi kayıtlardan yararlanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırma sonuçlarına göre model, %83,56 oranında belirlenen değişkenler tarafından açıklanmaktadır. Diğer tüm açıklayıcı değişkenler sabitken, Ar-Ge harcamalarındaki %1'lik bir artış, kişi başına düşen GSYİH'de %0,5243'lük bir artışla sonuçlanacaktır. Bu katsayı aynı zamanda kişi başına düşen GSYH'nin Ar-Ge harcamalarına (%GSYH) göre esnekliğini de vermektedir. Kişi başına düşen GSYİH ile Ar-Ge harcamaları arasında pozitif bir ilişkinin olduğu, kişi başına GSYH-GII sıralaması arasında ise negatif bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Firmaların inovasyon performansının ölçülmesini sağlayan global inovasyon endeksinde (GII), Ar-Ge harcaması yapan işletmelerin üst sıralarda ve zirveye yakın olduğu, kişi başına düşen GSYİH'nın daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi. G7 ülkeleri ile E7 ülkelerinin inovasyon performansının ve bu performansın kişi başına düşen GSYİH'ye etkisinin ele alındığı bu çalışmada, G7 ülkelerinin inovasyona daha fazla harcama yaptığı görülmektedir.
Özgünlük: Literatürde kişi başına düşen gelir, Küresel İnovasyon Endeksi sıralaması ve Ar-Ge harcamalarının G7 ve E7 açısından karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alan bir başka çalışma olmadığından literatüre katkı sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

inovasyon Küresel İnovasyon Endeksi G7 E7

References

  • Adıyaman, G. and Hayaloğlu, P. (2020). “Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde İnovasyonun Sürdürülebilir Büyüme ve Kalkınmaya Etkisi”, Karadeniz Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 113-128.
  • Afuah, A. (1998). “Responding to Structural Industry Changes: A Technological Evolution Perspective”, Industrial and Corporate Change, 6(1), 183-202.
  • Aghion, P. and Howitt, P. (1992). “A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction”, Econometrica, 60(2), 323-351.
  • Akcali, B.Y. and Sismanoglu, E. (2015). “Innovation and the Effect of Research and Development (R&D) Expenditure on Growth in Some Developing and Developed Countries”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 768-775.
  • Aktaş, N. (2022). “G7 Ülkelerinin İnovasyon Göstergelerinin Değerlendirilmesi”, European Journal of Managerial Research (EUJMR), 6(10), 87-104.
  • Archibugi, D. and Pianta, M. (1996). “Innovation Surveys and Patents as Technology Indicators: The State of the Art”, OECD Innovation, Patents and Technological Strategies, OECD, Paris, 17–56.
  • Baş, D. (2020). “Küresel İnovasyon Endeksi”, https://www.zucder.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Kuresel-Inovasyon-Endeksi.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 01.06.2023).
  • Bate, A.F., Wachira, E.W. and Danka, S. (2023). “The Determinants of Innovation Performance: An Income-Based Cross-Country Comparative Analysis Using the Global Innovation Index (GII)”, Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 12(1), 1-27.
  • Baykul, A. (2022). “İnovasyonun Belirleyicileri: Küresel İnovasyon Endeksi Üzerinde Bir Araştırma”, Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7(1), 52-66.
  • Benetyte, R., Rubio, J.G., Kovalov, B., Matviychuk-Soskina, N. and Krusinskas, R. (2021). “Role of R&D Expenditure, CEO Compensation and Financial Ratios for Country's Economic Sustainability and Innovative Growth”, International Journal of Global Energy Issues, 43(2-3), 228-246.
  • Bogliacino, F. and Pianta, M. (2013). “Profits, R&D, and Innovation-A Model and a Test”, Industrial and Corporate change, 22(3), 649-678.
  • Brás, G.R. (2023). “Pillars of the Global Innovation Index by Income Level of Economies: Longitudinal Data (2011-2022) for Researchers’ Use”, Data in Brief, 46, 108818.
  • Chen, C., Gu, J. and Luo, R. (2022). “Corporate Innovation and R&D Expenditure Disclosures”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 174, 121230.
  • Crosby, M. (2000). “Patents, Innovation and Growth”, Economic Record, 76(234), 255-262. Dosi, G. (1988). “Sources, Procedures and Microeconomic Effects of Innovation”, Journal of Economic Literature, 25, 1120-1171.
  • Dritsaki, M. and Dritsaki, C. (2023). “R&D Expenditures on Innovation: A Panel Cointegration Study of the EU Countries”, Sustainability, 15(8), 6637.
  • Dutta, S., Lanvin, B. and Wunsch-Vincent, S., (2015). “The Global Innovation Index 2015: Effective Innovation Policies for Development”, https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_gii_2015.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2023).
  • Dutta, S., Lanvin, B., Wunsch-Vincent, S. and León, L.R. (2022). “Global Innovation Index 2022: What is the Future of Innovation-driven Growth?”, WIPO, Vol. 2000.
  • Elverdi, S. and Atik, H. (2021). “İnovasyon ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişkinin Analizi: Bir Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi”, Pearson Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(10), 183- 205.
  • Eygü, H. and Coşkun, H. (2020). “Türkiye’de Beşerî Sermaye, İnovasyon ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisinin Ekonometrik Analizi”, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23, 503-522.
  • Franco, C. and De Oliveira, R.H. (2017). “Inputs and Outputs of Innovation: Analysis of the BRICS: Theme 6–Innovation Technology and Competitiveness”, RAI Revista de Administração e Inovação, 14(1), 79-89.
  • Frankenfield, J., (2022). “Research and Development (R&D) Expenses: Definition and Example”, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/research-and-developmentexpenses.asp#:~:text=Research%20and%20development%20(R%26D)%20expenses%20are%20dire ct%20expenditures%20relating%20to,highest%20degree%20of%20R%26D%20expense, (Erişim Tarihi: 13.06.2023)
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  • Gökçe, S.G., Karatepe, S. and Karagöz, M. (2012). “The Impact of R&D Intensity on High-Tech Exports: Case of Turkey and EU-27 Countries”.
  • Gürtuna, F. and Polat, U. (2020). “Küresel İnovasyon Endeksi Verilerinin Kümeleme Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi”, Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(2), 551-566.
  • Hammar, N. and Belarbi, Y. (2021). “R&D, Innovation and Productivity Relationships: Evidence from Threshold Panel Model”, International Journal of Innovation Studies, 5(3), 113-126.
  • Inekwe, J.N. (2015). “The Contribution of R&D Expenditure to Economic Growth in Developing Economies”, Social Indicators Research, 124(3), 727-745.
  • Kučera, J. and Fiľa, M. (2022). “R&D Expenditure, Innovation Performance and Economic Development of the EU Countries”, Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 9(3), 227.
  • Merriam-Webster.com, (2017). “Innovation”, https://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/innovation, (Erişim Tarihi: 03.06.2023).
  • Minitab (2019). “Coefficients for Binary Logistic Regression”, https://support.minitab.com/en-us/minitab-express/1/help-and-how-to/modelingstatistics/regression/how-to/binary-logistic-regression/interpret-the-results/allstatistics-and-graphs/coefficients/#coef, (Erişim Tarihi: 09.06.2023).
  • Muñoz-Bullón, F., Sanchez-Bueno, M.J. and De Massis, A. (2020). “Combining Internal and External R&D: The Effects on Innovation Performance in Family and Nonfamily Firms”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 44(5), 996-1031.
  • OECD (2018). “Oslo Manual 2018 Guidelines for Collecting, Reporting and Using Data on Innovation”, https://www.oecd.org/sti/inno/oslo-manual-2018-info.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 20.06.2023).
  • Olaoye, I.J., Ayinde, O.E., Ajewole, O.O. and Adebisi, L.O. (2021). “The Role of Research and Development (R&D) Expenditure and Governance on Economic Growth in Selected African Countries”, African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 13(6), 663-670.
  • Özbey, H. and Başdaş, Ö. (2018). “Hemşirelikte İnovasyon”, ERÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1-2), 1-7. Pelikánová, R.M. (2019). “R&D Expenditure and Innovation in the EU and Selected Member States”, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 15(1), 13-34.
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  • Rodil, Ó., Vence, X. and Del Carmen Sánchez, M. (2016). “The Relationship between Innovation and Export Behaviour: The Case of Galician Firms”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 113, 248-265.
  • Rowley J., Baregheh A. and Sambrook, S. (2011). “Towards an Innovation-Type Mapping Tool”, Management Decision, 49(1), 73-86.
  • Schumpeter, J.A. (1934). “The Theory of Economic Development”, Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA.
  • Schumpeter, J.A. (1982). “The" Crisis" in Economics-Fifty Years Ago”, Journal of Economic Literature, 20(3), 1049-1059.
  • Shefer, D. and Frenkel, A. (2005). “R&D, Firm Size and Innovation: An Empirical Analysis”, Technovation, 25(1), 25-32.
  • Sıcakyüz, Ç. (2023). “How Does the Global Innovation Index Score Affect Income? A Policy for Innovativeness”, Journal of Research in Business, 8(1), 1-19.
  • Smith, K. (2005). “Measuring innovation”, The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, (Editors: Fagerberg, J., Mowery, D. and Nelson, R.), 148-179, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
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There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sustainable Development
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gökçe Sinem Erbuğa 0000-0003-1604-4668

Ayşegül Gürsoy 0000-0002-5523-1397

Publication Date January 15, 2024
Submission Date June 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 PRODUCTIVITY FOR INNOVATION

Cite

APA Erbuğa, G. S., & Gürsoy, A. (2024). Innovation for Economic Growth: G7 vs E7. Verimlilik Dergisi39-56. https://doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1321338
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