Abstract
D2,
D6 and Calmax cold work tool steels were heat treated in vacuum hardening, made
grinding and plasma nitrided in 75% N2 + 25% H2
atmosphere at 450 °C for 12 h at 2 mbar.
Characterization of samples has been carried out by means of surface roughness,
microstructure, microhardness and wear-friction. Wear-friction characteristics
of samples have been investigated using a ball-on-disc tribosystem with a WC-Co ball.
Plasma nitriding increased the surface roughness of samples. However, this
effect was decreased with higher surface roughness of base metal. Fe4N
(γ'), Fe3N (ε) and CrN phases were obtained on the surfaces of
samples. Higher surface hardness was obtained in the plasma nitrided D2 and D6
steels. No significant mass loss was observed in the ball on-disc tribosystem. So,
the wear of samples was characterized
with the worn surfaces using a
scanning electron microscope (SEM). Plasma nitriding improved the wear
resistance and decreased the friction coefficient of steels. Plasma nitrided D2
steel showed the highest wear resistance, whereas plasma nitrided Calmax steel
exhibited the lowest wear resistance. However, plasma nitrided Calmax tool
steel had relatively lower friction coefficient than the other plasma nitrided
steels. In general, brittle layer fractures have determined the friction
coefficient.
Keywords
Cold work tool steels Plasma nitriding Microhardness Friction coefficient Wear surface characterization
Supporting Institution
TUBITAK
Project Number
Project No. 3180859
Thanks
This work was funded by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (Project No. 3180859). The authors acknowledge to TUBITAK for financial support.
References
- 1. Ahangarania, Sh., Sabourb, A.R., Mahboubic, F., Shahrabib, T. (2009) The influence of active screen plasma nitriding parameters on corrosion behavior of a low-alloy steel, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 484(1-2), 222-229.
- 2. Akbari, A., Mohammadzadeh, R., Templier, C., Riviere, J.P. (2010) Effect of the initial microstructure on the plasma nitriding behavior of AISI M2 high speed steel, Surface & Coatings Technology, 204(24), 4114-4120.
- 3. Alves, C., Lima, J.A., Hajek, V., Cunha, J.B.M., Santos, C.A. (2007) Effect of cooling rate on properties of plasma nitrided AISI 1010 steel, Surface & Coatings Technology, 201(16-17), 7566-7573.
- 4. Aydın, H., Bayram, A., Topcu, Ş. (2013) Friction Characteristics of Nitrided Layers on AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel Obtained by Various Nitriding Processes, Material Science, 19(1), 19-24.
- 5. Conci, M.D., Bozzi, A.C., Franco, A.R. (2014) Effect of plasma nitriding potential on tribological behaviour of AISI D2 cold-worked tool steel, Wear, 317(1-2), 188-193.
- 6. Devi, M.U., Chakraborty, T.K., Mohanty, O.N. (1999) Wear behaviour of plasma nitrided tool steels, Surface and Coating Technology, 116-119, 212-221.
- 7. Doan, T.V., Dobrocky, D., Pokorny, Z., Kusmic, D., Nguyen, V.T. (2016) Effect Of Plasma Nitriding On Mechanical And Tribological Properties Of 42CrMo4 Steel, The Electrochemical Society, 74(1), 231-238.
- 8. Groche, P., Christiany, M. (2013) Evaluation of the potential of tool materials for the cold forming of advanced high strength steels, Wear, 302(1-2), 1279-1285.
- 9. Grzesik, W. (2017) Tool Wear and Damage, Advanced Machining Processes of Metallic Materials (Second Edition) Theory, Modelling, and Applications, 215-239.
- 10. Jurci, P., Panjan, P. (2006) PVD protection enhanced by plasma nitriding, Metal Powder Report (MPR), 61(6), 28-31.
- 11. Lind, L., Peetsalu, P., Podra, P., Adoberg, E., Veinthal, R., Kulu, P. (2010) Description of punch wear mechanism in Turing fine banking process, Proceedings of 7th International DAAAM Baltic Conference “Industrial Engineering”, Tallinn.
- 12. Manfridini, A.P.A., Godoy, G.C.D., Santos, L.A. (2017) Structural characterization of plasma nitrided interstitial-free steel at different temperatures by SEM, XRD and Rietveld method, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 6(1), 65-70.
- 13. Mashreghi, A.R., Soleimani, S.M.Y., Saberifar, S. (2013) The investigation of wear and corrosion behavior of plasma nitrided DIN 1.2210 cold work tool steel, Materials and Design, 46, 532-538.
- 14. Okonkwo, P.C., Georgina, K., Bernard, F.R., Michael, P.P. (2016) The effect of sliding speed on the wear of steel–tool steel pairs, Tribology International, 97, 218-227.
- 15. Tillmann, W., Dias, N.F.L., Stangier, D. (2019) Influence of plasma nitriding pretreatments on the tribomechanical properties of DLC coatings sputtered on AISI H11, Surface & Coatings Technology, 357, 1027-1036.
- 16. Toboła, D., Brostowb, W., Czechowski, K., Rusek, P. (2017) Improvement of wear resistance of some cold working tool steels, Wear, 382-383, 29-39.
- 17. Zeghni, A.E., Hashmi, M.S.J., (2004) The effect of coating and nitriding on the wear behaviour of tool steels, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 155-156, 1918-1922.
Abstract
D2,
D6 ve Calmax soğuk iş takım çelikleri vakum altında sertleştirildi, taşlandı ve
75% N2 + 25% H2 atmosferinde 450 °C sıcaklıkta ve 2 mbar
basınç altında 12 saat süre ile plazma nitrürlendi. Numuneler yüzey
pürüzlülüğü, mikroyapı, mikrosertlik ve aşınma-sürtünme testleri ile
karakterize edildi. Aşınma-sürtünme karakteristiklerinin belirlenmesinde WC-Co
bilyasına sahip ball-on-disk sürtünme-aşınma sistemi kullanıldı. Plasma
nitrürleme numunelerin yüzey pürüzlülüğünü arttırmıştır. Ancak, bu etki temel
malzemenin daha yüksek yüzey pürüzlülüğü ile azalmıştır. Plazma nitrürlenmiş numunelerin
yüzeylerinde Fe4N (γ'), Fe3N (ε) ve CrN
fazları elde edilmiştir. Plazma nitürlenmiş D2 ve D6 çeliklerinde daha yüksek
yüzey sertlikleri elde edilmiştir. Ball-on-disk sürtünme-aşınma sisteminde
numunelerde önemli bir kütle kaybı meydana gelmemiştir. Bu yüzden,
numunelerdeki aşınma taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile karakterize
edilmiştir. Plazma nitrürleme çeliklerin aşınma dayanımını iyileştirmesinin
yanında sürtünme katsayısını da düşürmüştür. Plazma nitürlenmiş D2 çeliği en
yüksek aşınma dayanımına sahip olurken, plazma nitrülenmiş Calmax çeliği ise en
düşük aşınma dayanımı sergilemiştir. Ancak, plazma nitrürlenmiş Calmax çeliği
diğer plazma nitrülenmiş çeliklere nazaran nispeten daha düşük sürtünme
katsayısına sahip olmuştur. Genel olarak, aşınma ürünü kırılgan nitrür
parçacıkları sürtünme katsayısını belirleyici rol oynamıştır.
Keywords
Soğuk iş takım çelikleri Plazma nitrürleme Mikrosertlik Sürtünme katsayısı Aşınma yüzeyi karakterizasyonu
Project Number
Project No. 3180859
References
- 1. Ahangarania, Sh., Sabourb, A.R., Mahboubic, F., Shahrabib, T. (2009) The influence of active screen plasma nitriding parameters on corrosion behavior of a low-alloy steel, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 484(1-2), 222-229.
- 2. Akbari, A., Mohammadzadeh, R., Templier, C., Riviere, J.P. (2010) Effect of the initial microstructure on the plasma nitriding behavior of AISI M2 high speed steel, Surface & Coatings Technology, 204(24), 4114-4120.
- 3. Alves, C., Lima, J.A., Hajek, V., Cunha, J.B.M., Santos, C.A. (2007) Effect of cooling rate on properties of plasma nitrided AISI 1010 steel, Surface & Coatings Technology, 201(16-17), 7566-7573.
- 4. Aydın, H., Bayram, A., Topcu, Ş. (2013) Friction Characteristics of Nitrided Layers on AISI 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel Obtained by Various Nitriding Processes, Material Science, 19(1), 19-24.
- 5. Conci, M.D., Bozzi, A.C., Franco, A.R. (2014) Effect of plasma nitriding potential on tribological behaviour of AISI D2 cold-worked tool steel, Wear, 317(1-2), 188-193.
- 6. Devi, M.U., Chakraborty, T.K., Mohanty, O.N. (1999) Wear behaviour of plasma nitrided tool steels, Surface and Coating Technology, 116-119, 212-221.
- 7. Doan, T.V., Dobrocky, D., Pokorny, Z., Kusmic, D., Nguyen, V.T. (2016) Effect Of Plasma Nitriding On Mechanical And Tribological Properties Of 42CrMo4 Steel, The Electrochemical Society, 74(1), 231-238.
- 8. Groche, P., Christiany, M. (2013) Evaluation of the potential of tool materials for the cold forming of advanced high strength steels, Wear, 302(1-2), 1279-1285.
- 9. Grzesik, W. (2017) Tool Wear and Damage, Advanced Machining Processes of Metallic Materials (Second Edition) Theory, Modelling, and Applications, 215-239.
- 10. Jurci, P., Panjan, P. (2006) PVD protection enhanced by plasma nitriding, Metal Powder Report (MPR), 61(6), 28-31.
- 11. Lind, L., Peetsalu, P., Podra, P., Adoberg, E., Veinthal, R., Kulu, P. (2010) Description of punch wear mechanism in Turing fine banking process, Proceedings of 7th International DAAAM Baltic Conference “Industrial Engineering”, Tallinn.
- 12. Manfridini, A.P.A., Godoy, G.C.D., Santos, L.A. (2017) Structural characterization of plasma nitrided interstitial-free steel at different temperatures by SEM, XRD and Rietveld method, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 6(1), 65-70.
- 13. Mashreghi, A.R., Soleimani, S.M.Y., Saberifar, S. (2013) The investigation of wear and corrosion behavior of plasma nitrided DIN 1.2210 cold work tool steel, Materials and Design, 46, 532-538.
- 14. Okonkwo, P.C., Georgina, K., Bernard, F.R., Michael, P.P. (2016) The effect of sliding speed on the wear of steel–tool steel pairs, Tribology International, 97, 218-227.
- 15. Tillmann, W., Dias, N.F.L., Stangier, D. (2019) Influence of plasma nitriding pretreatments on the tribomechanical properties of DLC coatings sputtered on AISI H11, Surface & Coatings Technology, 357, 1027-1036.
- 16. Toboła, D., Brostowb, W., Czechowski, K., Rusek, P. (2017) Improvement of wear resistance of some cold working tool steels, Wear, 382-383, 29-39.
- 17. Zeghni, A.E., Hashmi, M.S.J., (2004) The effect of coating and nitriding on the wear behaviour of tool steels, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 155-156, 1918-1922.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Materials Engineering (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | Project No. 3180859 |
| Publication Date | April 30, 2020 |
| Submission Date | October 7, 2019 |
| Acceptance Date | April 21, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 25 Issue: 1 |
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