Research Article
BEKLENEN YAŞAM SÜRESİNİN BELİRLEYİCİLERİ: JAPONYA ÖRNEĞİ ÜZERİNE EKONOMETRİK BİR İNCELEME / The Determinants Of Life Expectancy: An Econometric Analysis For Japan
Abstract
Bu
çalışmada, dünyada en yüksek yaşam beklentisine sahip ülke olan Japonya örneği
özelinde sigara tüketimi, alkol tüketimi ve obezitenin beklenen yaşam süresi
üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. İlgili literatür incelendiğinde konuyla
alakalı bazı çalışmaların yapıldığı görülmektedir. Ancak, yapılan çalışmalar
yeterli düzeyde olmadığı tespit edilmiş ve değişkenlerin yaşam süresi üzerinde
hangi boyutlarda bir etki yarattıkları sayısal olarak ortaya konmamıştır. Bu
çalışmada, 1980-2016 dönemindeki yıllık veriler ile değişkenler arasındaki uzun
dönemli ilişkinin tespiti için ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Elde
edilen bulgulara göre, beklenen yaşam süresi ile sigara tüketimi, alkol
tüketimi ve obezite arasında uzun dönemli eşbütünleşme ilişkisi vardır. Sigara
tüketimi, alkol tüketimi ve obezitenin beklenen yaşam süresi üzerinde negatif
bir etkiye sahip olduğu istatistiksel olarak saptanmıştır. Ayrıca yapılan
analizde beklenen yaşam süresini negatif etkileyen en önemli unsurun obezite
olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sigara tüketimi ve alkol tüketiminin de beklenen
yaşam süresini önemli ölçüde olumsuz etkileyen unsurlar olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.
References
- Akel, V. ve Gazel, S. (2014). Döviz Kurları İle BİST Sanayi Endeksi Arasındaki Eşbütünleşme İlişkisi: Bir ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 44, 23-41.
- Alper, F. Ö. ve Alper, A. E. (2017). Karbondioksit Emisyonu, Ekonomik Büyüme, Enerji Tüketimi İlişkisi: Türkiye İçin Bir ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı. Sosyoekonomi, 25(33), 145-156.
- Armstrong, M. (2019). Poor Diet Causes 22% of Global Deaths. STATISTA. Erişim adresi: https://www.statista.com/chart/17597/poor-diet-deaths-by-region/ Aydın, B. ve Bozdağ, E. G. (2018). Elektrik Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Örneği. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 4(18), 70-80.
- Beck, T. ve Webb, I. (2003). Economic, Democraphic, and Institutional Determinants of Life Insurance Consumption across Countries. The World Bank Economic Review, 17(1), 51-88.
- Becker, G. S., Philipson, T. ve Soa, R. (2005). The Quantity And Quality Of Life And The Evolution Of World İnequality. The American Economic Review, 95(1), 277-291.
- Bhattacharya, A. ve Kojima, S. (2012). Power Sector Investment Risk And Renewable Energy: A Japanese Case Study Using Portfolio Risk Optimization Method. Energy Policy, 40, 69-80.
- Flegal, K., Graubard, B., Williamson, D. ve Gail, M. (2005). Excess Deaths Associated With Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity. Original Contribution, 293(15), 1861-1867.
- Gujarati, D. N. ve Porter, D. C. (2009) Basic Econometrics, (Ü. Şeneşen ve G. G. Şeneşen, Çev). İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık
- Halicioglu, F. (2011). Modeling Life Expectancy İn Turkey. Economic Modelling, 28, 2075-2082.
- Holford, T., Meza, R., Warner, K., Meernik, C., Jeon, J., Moolgavkar, S. ve Levy, D. (2014). Tobacco Control and the Reduction in Smoking-Related Premature Deaths in the United States, 1964-2012. American Medical Association, 164-171.
- Ikegami, N. (2014). Universal Health Coverage for Inclusive and Sustainable Development: Lessons from Japan. Erişim adresi: https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/978-1-4648-0408-3
- Janssen, F., Rousson, V. ve Paccaud, F. (2015). The Role Of Smoking in Changes in The Survival Curve: An Empiricalstudy in 10 European Countries. Annals of Epidemiology, 25, 243-249.
- Kalaça, S. (1994). Japonya Sağlık Sistemi. Toplum ve Hekim, 9(64), 41-49.
- Khan, A., Khan, S. ve Khan, M. (2016). Factors Effecting Life Expectancy In Developed And Developing Countries of The World (An Approach to Available Literature). International Journal of Yoga, Physiotherapy and Physical Education, 1(1).
- Kleinow, T. ve Cairns, A. (2013). Mortality And Smoking Prevalence: An Empirical Investigation in Ten Developed Countries. British Actuarial Journal, 8(2), 452-466.
- Leon, D., Chenet, L., Shkolnikov, V., Zakharov, S., Shapiro, J., Rakhmanova, G., McKee, M. (1997). Huge Variation in Russian Mortality Rates 1984–94: Artefact. The Lancet, 350, 383-388.
- Lung, T., Jan, S., Tan, E., Killedar, A., ve Hayes, A. (2018). Impact of Overweight, Obesity And Severe Obesity On Life Expectancy Of Australian Adults. International Journal of Obesity, 43(4), 782–789.
- Max, R. ve Hannah , R. (2013). Food Per Person. Our World In Data. Erişim adresi: https://ourworldindata.org/food-per-person
- Mercola, J. (2013). One in Five American Deaths Now Associated with Obesity. Erişim adresi: https://articles.mercola.com/sites /articles/archive/2013/12/21/obesity-death-risk.aspx
- Notzon, F., Komarov, Y. ve Ermakov, S. (1997). Russia, Causes of Declining Life Expectancy in Russia. Letter From Russia, 279(10), 793-800.
- OECD (2014). Obesity Update. OECD Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs. Erişim adresi: http://www.oecd.org/health/Obesity-Update-2014.pdf
- OECD (2017). OECD Health Statistics: Health care resources. Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/healtheqt/hospital-beds.htm
- Pamuk, M. ve Bektaş, H. (2014). Türkiye’de Eğitim Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşım. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 77-90.
- Peeters, A., Barendregt, J., Willekens, F., Mackenbach, J., Al Mamun, A. ve Bonneux, L. (2003). Obesity in Adulthood and Its Consequences for Life Expectancy: A Life-Table Analysis. American Society of Internal Medicine(138), 24-32.
- Reich, M. R. (1984). Mobilizing for Environmental Policy in Italy and Japan. Comparative Politics, 16(4), 379-402.
- Roser, M. (2016). Our World In Data. Erişim adresi: https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy
- Sidik, S., ve Ahmad, R. (2004). Childhood Obesity: Contributing Factors, Consequences and Intervention. Journal of Nutrition, 10(1), 13-22.
- Stewart, S., Cutler, D. ve Rosen, A. (2010). Forecasting the Effects of Obesity and Smoking on U.S. Life Expectancy. Survey of Anesthesiology, 54(6).
- Wagenaar, A., Tobler, A. ve Komro, K. (2011). Effects of Alcohol Tax and Price Policies on Morbidity and Mortality: A Systematic Review. American Journal of Public Healty.
- WHO (2012). Mortality Attributable to Tobacco. World Healty Organization, Cenevre. Erişim adresi: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44815/9789241564434_eng.pdf;jsessionid=D341149F3FE9F697EBAD183AF2F4FB93?sequence=1
- WHO (2018a). World Health Organization. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/alcohol
- WHO (2018b). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco. Erişim adresi : World Healty Organization: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco
THE DETERMINANTS OF LIFE EXPECTANCY: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS FOR JAPAN / Beklenen Yaşam Süresinin Belirleyicileri: Japonya Örneği Üzerine Ekonometrik Bir İnceleme
Abstract
In this study, the effects of
cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption and obesity on life expectancy were
investigated in the case of Japan which has the highest life expectancy in the
world. When the related literature is examined, it is seen that some studies
have been made related to the subject. However, the studies are not adequate
and no studies have been reported that statistical explain the extent to which
the variables have an impact on the life span. In this study, ARDL boundary
test approach was used to determine the long-term relationship between the
variables with the annual data in the period 1980-2016. According to the
findings, long-term cointegration relationship was determined between life
expectancy, smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity. It was statistically
determined that smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity had a negative effect
on life expectancy. In addition, it was concluded that the obesity is the most
important factor that negatively affects life expectancy. Smoking consumption
and alcohol consumption were also found to be important factors affecting life
expectancy.
References
- Akel, V. ve Gazel, S. (2014). Döviz Kurları İle BİST Sanayi Endeksi Arasındaki Eşbütünleşme İlişkisi: Bir ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 44, 23-41.
- Alper, F. Ö. ve Alper, A. E. (2017). Karbondioksit Emisyonu, Ekonomik Büyüme, Enerji Tüketimi İlişkisi: Türkiye İçin Bir ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı. Sosyoekonomi, 25(33), 145-156.
- Armstrong, M. (2019). Poor Diet Causes 22% of Global Deaths. STATISTA. Erişim adresi: https://www.statista.com/chart/17597/poor-diet-deaths-by-region/ Aydın, B. ve Bozdağ, E. G. (2018). Elektrik Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye Örneği. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 4(18), 70-80.
- Beck, T. ve Webb, I. (2003). Economic, Democraphic, and Institutional Determinants of Life Insurance Consumption across Countries. The World Bank Economic Review, 17(1), 51-88.
- Becker, G. S., Philipson, T. ve Soa, R. (2005). The Quantity And Quality Of Life And The Evolution Of World İnequality. The American Economic Review, 95(1), 277-291.
- Bhattacharya, A. ve Kojima, S. (2012). Power Sector Investment Risk And Renewable Energy: A Japanese Case Study Using Portfolio Risk Optimization Method. Energy Policy, 40, 69-80.
- Flegal, K., Graubard, B., Williamson, D. ve Gail, M. (2005). Excess Deaths Associated With Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity. Original Contribution, 293(15), 1861-1867.
- Gujarati, D. N. ve Porter, D. C. (2009) Basic Econometrics, (Ü. Şeneşen ve G. G. Şeneşen, Çev). İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık
- Halicioglu, F. (2011). Modeling Life Expectancy İn Turkey. Economic Modelling, 28, 2075-2082.
- Holford, T., Meza, R., Warner, K., Meernik, C., Jeon, J., Moolgavkar, S. ve Levy, D. (2014). Tobacco Control and the Reduction in Smoking-Related Premature Deaths in the United States, 1964-2012. American Medical Association, 164-171.
- Ikegami, N. (2014). Universal Health Coverage for Inclusive and Sustainable Development: Lessons from Japan. Erişim adresi: https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/978-1-4648-0408-3
- Janssen, F., Rousson, V. ve Paccaud, F. (2015). The Role Of Smoking in Changes in The Survival Curve: An Empiricalstudy in 10 European Countries. Annals of Epidemiology, 25, 243-249.
- Kalaça, S. (1994). Japonya Sağlık Sistemi. Toplum ve Hekim, 9(64), 41-49.
- Khan, A., Khan, S. ve Khan, M. (2016). Factors Effecting Life Expectancy In Developed And Developing Countries of The World (An Approach to Available Literature). International Journal of Yoga, Physiotherapy and Physical Education, 1(1).
- Kleinow, T. ve Cairns, A. (2013). Mortality And Smoking Prevalence: An Empirical Investigation in Ten Developed Countries. British Actuarial Journal, 8(2), 452-466.
- Leon, D., Chenet, L., Shkolnikov, V., Zakharov, S., Shapiro, J., Rakhmanova, G., McKee, M. (1997). Huge Variation in Russian Mortality Rates 1984–94: Artefact. The Lancet, 350, 383-388.
- Lung, T., Jan, S., Tan, E., Killedar, A., ve Hayes, A. (2018). Impact of Overweight, Obesity And Severe Obesity On Life Expectancy Of Australian Adults. International Journal of Obesity, 43(4), 782–789.
- Max, R. ve Hannah , R. (2013). Food Per Person. Our World In Data. Erişim adresi: https://ourworldindata.org/food-per-person
- Mercola, J. (2013). One in Five American Deaths Now Associated with Obesity. Erişim adresi: https://articles.mercola.com/sites /articles/archive/2013/12/21/obesity-death-risk.aspx
- Notzon, F., Komarov, Y. ve Ermakov, S. (1997). Russia, Causes of Declining Life Expectancy in Russia. Letter From Russia, 279(10), 793-800.
- OECD (2014). Obesity Update. OECD Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs. Erişim adresi: http://www.oecd.org/health/Obesity-Update-2014.pdf
- OECD (2017). OECD Health Statistics: Health care resources. Erişim adresi: https://data.oecd.org/healtheqt/hospital-beds.htm
- Pamuk, M. ve Bektaş, H. (2014). Türkiye’de Eğitim Harcamaları ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki İlişki: ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşım. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 77-90.
- Peeters, A., Barendregt, J., Willekens, F., Mackenbach, J., Al Mamun, A. ve Bonneux, L. (2003). Obesity in Adulthood and Its Consequences for Life Expectancy: A Life-Table Analysis. American Society of Internal Medicine(138), 24-32.
- Reich, M. R. (1984). Mobilizing for Environmental Policy in Italy and Japan. Comparative Politics, 16(4), 379-402.
- Roser, M. (2016). Our World In Data. Erişim adresi: https://ourworldindata.org/life-expectancy
- Sidik, S., ve Ahmad, R. (2004). Childhood Obesity: Contributing Factors, Consequences and Intervention. Journal of Nutrition, 10(1), 13-22.
- Stewart, S., Cutler, D. ve Rosen, A. (2010). Forecasting the Effects of Obesity and Smoking on U.S. Life Expectancy. Survey of Anesthesiology, 54(6).
- Wagenaar, A., Tobler, A. ve Komro, K. (2011). Effects of Alcohol Tax and Price Policies on Morbidity and Mortality: A Systematic Review. American Journal of Public Healty.
- WHO (2012). Mortality Attributable to Tobacco. World Healty Organization, Cenevre. Erişim adresi: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44815/9789241564434_eng.pdf;jsessionid=D341149F3FE9F697EBAD183AF2F4FB93?sequence=1
- WHO (2018a). World Health Organization. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/alcohol
- WHO (2018b). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco. Erişim adresi : World Healty Organization: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco
There are 32 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Economics |
| Journal Section | RESEARCH ARTICLES |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | October 23, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 3 Issue: 2 |
Cited By
OECD ÜLKELERİNDE SAĞLIĞIN SOSYAL BELİRLEYİCİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ
Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.61859/hacettepesid.1347335
Recep Tayyip Erdogan University
Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences
Department of Economics
RIZE / TURKEY