Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to determine the out-of-pocket payment costs of the Type 2 Diabetes patients due to and associated with the
disease.
Material and Methods: This study with a descriptive design qualifies. The sample of the study consisted of the patients diagnosed with
Type 2 Diabetes, who applied to a university hospital. In line with the calculated sample number, the study was performed through the
face-to-face interviews made with 180 participants.
Results: In terms of out-of-pocket payment costs, individual average cost figures within the two patient groups being service and
policlinic, are TL 350.59 for service patients, whereas TL 1046.26 for policlinic patients. The total out-of-pocket cost within both patient
groups was calculated as TL 111,309,442.
Conclusion: It is seen that the substantial part of the cost for the patients, special footwear and socks, which result from the diseases
developing in consequence of complication, such as Diabetic Foot, and which are required to be used. From this aspect, increase of
the state's support to the patients with regard to reduction of the out-of-pocket payment costs of the patients, or switching to domestic
production for the instruments used, and inducement of the patients in this direction, will play an important role in decreasing the costs.
References
- 1. Turkey Public Health Association (THSK). Erişkin Diyabetli Bireyler İçin Eğitimci Rehberi, 2014.(Accessed Sep30, 2020, at https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenmehareketli-hayat-db/Diyabet/diyabet-rehberleri/DiyabetliBireyler-Icin-Egitimci-Rehberi.pdf)
- 2. Yalın AS, Zuhur SS, Yetkin DÖ. Diabetes Mellitus ve Karbonhidrat Metabolizması Bozuklukları, 18. Baskı, İstanbul, Yüce Yayım, 2008.
- 3. İmamoğlu Ş, Dolar E. Diabetes Mellitus ve Komplikasyonları,1. Baskı, Bursa, Nobel & Güneş Tıp Kitapevi, 2005.
- 4. Tütün Yümin E. Tip 2 Diyabeti Olan Hastalarda Diyabetin Plantar Duyu, Denge ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Bolu, 2014.
- 5. International Diabetes Federation (IDF). IDF Diabetes Atlas, 2015, 7th Edition, Brussels, Belgium, (Accessed Sep 30, 2020, athttps://www.diabetesatlas.org/upload/resources/previous/ files/7/IDF%20Diabetes%20Atlas%207th.pdf)
- 6. International Diabetes Federation (IDF). IDF Diabetes Atlas, 2019, 9th Edition, Brussels, Belgium.(Accessed Sep 30, 2020, at https://diabetesatlas.org/atlas/ninth-edition/)
- 7. World Economic Forum (WEF), The Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH). The Global Economic Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland. (Accessed Sep 30, 2020, at https://www3. weforum.org/docs/WEF_Harvard_HE_GlobalEcono micBurdenNonCommunicableDiseases_2011.pdf
- 8. World Health Organization (WHO), Diabetes Fact Sheet (Accessed Dec20, 2020, athttps://www.who.int/health-topics/ diabetes#tab=tab_1)
- 9. Malhan S, Öksüz E, Babineaux SM, Ertekin A, Palmer JP. Assessment of the direct medical costs of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications in Turkey. Turk Jem. 2014;2:39- 43.
- 10. Davari M, Boroumand Z, Amini M, Alani A, Hosseini M. The direct medical costs of outpatient cares of type 2 diabetes in Iran: A retrospective study. Int J Prev Med. 2016;7(72):1-5.
- 11. Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları, 2017. (Accessed Sep 14, 2018, at https:// data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-KayitSistemi-Sonuclari-2017-27587)
- 12. Keşkek ŞO, Kirim S, Yanmaz N, Şahinoğlu K, Ortoğlu G, Canataroğlu A. Direct medical cost of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Turkey. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries. 2013;34(2):77-81.
- 13. Turkey Public Health Association (THSK). Türkiye Kronik Hastalıklar ve Risk Faktörleri Sıklığı Çalışması. 1. Baskı, Ankara, Sağlık Bakanlığı, 2013. (Accessed Sep30, 2020, athttps://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/ekutuphane /kitaplar/khrfat.pdf)
- 14. Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları, 2017. (Accessed Sep 14, 2018, at http://www. tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=24579)
- 15. McQueen RB, Farahbakhshian S, Bell K, Nair K, Saseen J. Economic burden of moderate chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. Value in Health. 2016;19:1-8.
- 16. Khowaja LA, Khuwaja AK, Cosgrove P. Cost of diabetes care in out-patient clinics of Karachi, Pakistan. BMC Health Services Research. 2016;7:1-12.
- 17. Rodbard HW, Green JA, Fox MK, Grandy S. Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on prescription medication burden and out-of-pocket healthcare expenses. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010;87:360-365.
- 18. Bibeau WS, Nelson DR, Lilly E. Impact of out-of-pocket costs on medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes. Value in Health. 2016:19.
- 19. Cippo PP, Scalone L, Mantovani LG. Costs of type-2 diabetes mellitus: A comparison between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Value in Health. 2004;7:738.
- 20. Hirsch JD, Morello CM. Economic impact of and treatment options for type 2 diabetes. m J Manag Care. 2017;23:231-240.
- 21. Farshchi A, Esteghamati A, Sarı AK, Kebriaeezadeh A, Abdollahi M, Dorkoosh FA, Khamseh ME, Aghili R, Ebadi M. The cost of diabetes chronic complications among Iranian people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders. 2014:13-42.
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışma, Tip 2 Diyabet hastalarının hastalığa bağlı ve ilişkili cepten ödeme maliyetlerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu çalışma aynı zamanda maliyet araştırması niteliği taşımaktadır. Çalışmamıza
Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Hastalıkları Bilim Dalı polikliniğine başvuran 40 aşikâr hipotiroidi, 40 subklinik hipotiroidi tanısı almış
hastalarla 30 sağlıklı birey karşılaştırıldı. Gruplar demografik bulgular, serum lipid ve tiroid hormon panelleri, serum K-YABP ve
KIMK ölçümleri açısından karşılaştırıldı. Ayrıca aşikâr hipotiroidi nedeniyle 6 aylık levotiroksin replasman tedavisi alan hastaların
tedavi öncesi ve sonrası serum K-YABP ve KIMK ölçümleri karşılaştırıldı. Çalışmanın örneklemini bir üniversite hastanesine başvuran
Tip 2 Diyabet tanılı hastalar oluşturmaktadır. Hesaplanan örneklem sayısı doğrultusunda çalışma, 180 katılımcı ile yüz yüze yapılan
görüşmeler ile gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Cepten ödeme maliyetleri açısından servis ve poliklinik olmak üzere her iki hasta grubu içinde ayrı ayrı ortalama maliyet
rakamları, servis hastalarında 350,59 TL iken; poliklinik hastalarında 1046,26 TL olduğu görülmektedir. Her iki hasta grubu içinde
yapılan toplam cepten ödeme maliyeti 111,309,442 TL olarak hesaplanmıştır.
Sonuç: Hastalar açısından maliyetin büyük kısmını Diyabetik Ayak gibi komplikasyon sonucu gelişen hastalıkların sebep olduğu ve
kullanılması gereken özel ayakkabı ve çorap gibi eşyaların oluşturduğu görülmektedir.
References
- 1. Turkey Public Health Association (THSK). Erişkin Diyabetli Bireyler İçin Eğitimci Rehberi, 2014.(Accessed Sep30, 2020, at https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenmehareketli-hayat-db/Diyabet/diyabet-rehberleri/DiyabetliBireyler-Icin-Egitimci-Rehberi.pdf)
- 2. Yalın AS, Zuhur SS, Yetkin DÖ. Diabetes Mellitus ve Karbonhidrat Metabolizması Bozuklukları, 18. Baskı, İstanbul, Yüce Yayım, 2008.
- 3. İmamoğlu Ş, Dolar E. Diabetes Mellitus ve Komplikasyonları,1. Baskı, Bursa, Nobel & Güneş Tıp Kitapevi, 2005.
- 4. Tütün Yümin E. Tip 2 Diyabeti Olan Hastalarda Diyabetin Plantar Duyu, Denge ve Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Bolu, 2014.
- 5. International Diabetes Federation (IDF). IDF Diabetes Atlas, 2015, 7th Edition, Brussels, Belgium, (Accessed Sep 30, 2020, athttps://www.diabetesatlas.org/upload/resources/previous/ files/7/IDF%20Diabetes%20Atlas%207th.pdf)
- 6. International Diabetes Federation (IDF). IDF Diabetes Atlas, 2019, 9th Edition, Brussels, Belgium.(Accessed Sep 30, 2020, at https://diabetesatlas.org/atlas/ninth-edition/)
- 7. World Economic Forum (WEF), The Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH). The Global Economic Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland. (Accessed Sep 30, 2020, at https://www3. weforum.org/docs/WEF_Harvard_HE_GlobalEcono micBurdenNonCommunicableDiseases_2011.pdf
- 8. World Health Organization (WHO), Diabetes Fact Sheet (Accessed Dec20, 2020, athttps://www.who.int/health-topics/ diabetes#tab=tab_1)
- 9. Malhan S, Öksüz E, Babineaux SM, Ertekin A, Palmer JP. Assessment of the direct medical costs of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications in Turkey. Turk Jem. 2014;2:39- 43.
- 10. Davari M, Boroumand Z, Amini M, Alani A, Hosseini M. The direct medical costs of outpatient cares of type 2 diabetes in Iran: A retrospective study. Int J Prev Med. 2016;7(72):1-5.
- 11. Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları, 2017. (Accessed Sep 14, 2018, at https:// data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-KayitSistemi-Sonuclari-2017-27587)
- 12. Keşkek ŞO, Kirim S, Yanmaz N, Şahinoğlu K, Ortoğlu G, Canataroğlu A. Direct medical cost of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Turkey. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries. 2013;34(2):77-81.
- 13. Turkey Public Health Association (THSK). Türkiye Kronik Hastalıklar ve Risk Faktörleri Sıklığı Çalışması. 1. Baskı, Ankara, Sağlık Bakanlığı, 2013. (Accessed Sep30, 2020, athttps://sbu.saglik.gov.tr/ekutuphane /kitaplar/khrfat.pdf)
- 14. Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları, 2017. (Accessed Sep 14, 2018, at http://www. tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=24579)
- 15. McQueen RB, Farahbakhshian S, Bell K, Nair K, Saseen J. Economic burden of moderate chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. Value in Health. 2016;19:1-8.
- 16. Khowaja LA, Khuwaja AK, Cosgrove P. Cost of diabetes care in out-patient clinics of Karachi, Pakistan. BMC Health Services Research. 2016;7:1-12.
- 17. Rodbard HW, Green JA, Fox MK, Grandy S. Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on prescription medication burden and out-of-pocket healthcare expenses. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010;87:360-365.
- 18. Bibeau WS, Nelson DR, Lilly E. Impact of out-of-pocket costs on medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes. Value in Health. 2016:19.
- 19. Cippo PP, Scalone L, Mantovani LG. Costs of type-2 diabetes mellitus: A comparison between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Value in Health. 2004;7:738.
- 20. Hirsch JD, Morello CM. Economic impact of and treatment options for type 2 diabetes. m J Manag Care. 2017;23:231-240.
- 21. Farshchi A, Esteghamati A, Sarı AK, Kebriaeezadeh A, Abdollahi M, Dorkoosh FA, Khamseh ME, Aghili R, Ebadi M. The cost of diabetes chronic complications among Iranian people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders. 2014:13-42.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 30, 2021 |
| Acceptance Date | December 2, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 5 Issue: 3 |
