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BAĞIL YAŞIN YÜZME PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ

Year 2022, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 82 - 91, 30.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.984057

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı; 40-44 yaş masterlar kategorisinde erkek=178, kadın=105, yıldızlar 13-15 yaş kategorisinde erkek=1.298, kadın=1.190, gençler 16-18 yaş kategorisinde erkek=655, kadın=432 ve 16-28 yaş arası (1993-2005 doğumlu) 440 milli takım sporcusu olmak üzere toplam 4.298 yüzücüde Bağıl Yaş Etkisi’nin (BYE) incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya 4.298 (erkek=2.404 ve kadın=1.894) lisanslı yüzücü katılmıştır. Yüzücülerin doğum yaşları, cinsiyetleri ve olimpik havuzda yüzülen 50 m serbest yüzme tekniği müsabaka dereceleri (saniye cinsinden) incelenmiştir. Yüzücüler doğum aylarına göre çeyrek yıl (ÇY) ve yarım yıl (YY) dönemlere ayrılarak gruplandırılmıştır. ÇY1 (Ocak, Şubat, Mart), ÇY2 (Nisan, Mayıs, Haziran), ÇY3 (Temmuz, Ağustos, Eylül), ÇY4 (Ekim, Kasım, Aralık) ve YY1 (Ocak, Şubat, Mart, Nisan, Mayıs, Haziran), YY2 (Temmuz, Ağustos, Eylül, Ekim, Kasım, Aralık) aylarını kapsamaktadır. Bu çeyrek ve yarım dönemlere göre yüzücülerin yüzme dereceleri ve doğum ayları karşılaştırılmıştır. Verilerin analizi SPSS 22 programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Kategoriler arası performans farkının analizi için tek yönlü varyans analizi (One- Way Anova), yüzücülerin doğum tarihleri dağılımı arasındaki farkın tespiti için Ki-kare (x2) testi kullanılmıştır. Anlamlılık derecesi p<0.05 kabul edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak Türkiye’deki çocuk ve genç yüzücülerde BYE’ nin varlığını açık şekilde ortaya koymaktadır. Master (40-44 yaş) kategoride ise BYE bulunmamıştır. Bu sonuçlar BYE’nin erken yaşlarda daha etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Takımlara seçilme aşamalarında ve aynı yıl doğan çocukların müsabakalarında BYE dikkate alınmalıdır.

References

  • Akkoc, O., Sercan, C., Kirandi, O., Erol, M., Kapici, S., Kayhan, R. F., Ulucan, K. (2020). Determination of the distribution angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE I/D) and alpha-actinin-(ACTN-3 R577X) among elite sprinters and middle-long distance runners in Turkey. Progress in Nutrition, 22, 2: e2020031.
  • Akkoç, O., Genç, D., Özel, H., Kayhan, R. F., Gökalp, M., Kırandı, Ö.,Akkoç, T. (2021). Acute effect of repeated sprint and aerobic endurance training on foxp3+ regulatory t cells and cytokine levels. Turk J Immunol, 9(1), 50-8.
  • Akkoç, O., Göksu Ö. (2020). 15 yaş altı futbolcuların yetenek ve atletik performans seviyelerine bağıl yaş etkisi. Spormetre The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 18(4), 203-212.
  • Augste, C., Lames, M. (2011). The relative age effect and success in German elite U-17 soccer teams. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(9), 983-987.
  • Barbosa, T.M, Morais, J.E., Marques, M.C, Costa, M.J., Marinho, D.A. (2015). The power output and sprinting performance of young swimmers. J. Strength Cond. Res. 29, 440–450.
  • Barnsley, R., Thompson, A.H., Legault, P. (1992). Family planning: football style. the relative age effect in football. Int. Rev. F. Sociology of Sports, 27, 77-86.
  • Baikoğlu, S. (2016). Elit spocularda bağıl yaş etkisi. Sport Sciences 11(3), 39-45.
  • Bompa, T. O. Carrera M. (2015). Conditioning young athletes. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 125.
  • Cobley, S., Baker, J., Wattie, N., McKenna, J. (2009). Annual age-grouping and athlete development. Sports Medicine, 39(3), 235-256.
  • Connor, J. D., Renshaw, I., Doma, K. (2019). Moderating factors influence the relative age effect in Australian cricket. PeerJ, 7, e6867.
  • DeLorme, N., Boiché, J., Raspaud, M. (2009). The relative age effect in elite sport: the french case. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80 (2).
  • Gonzalez-Villora, S., Pastor-Vicedo, J. C. and Cordente, D. (2015). Relative age effect in UEFA championship soccer players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 47(1), 237-248.
  • Groeneveld, R. A., Meeden, G. (1984). Measuring skewness and kurtosis. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series D (The Statistician), 33(4), 391-399.
  • Hasırcı, S., Sevimli, D., Durusoy, E.A. (2009). Gelişim ve öğrenme. Ankara: Nobel Kitabevi.
  • Hirose, N. (2009). Relationships among birth-month distribution,skeletal age and anthropometric characteristics in adolescent elite soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(11), s. 1159-1166.
  • Peña-González, I., Moya-Ramón, M., Cervelló, E. (2018). Relative Age effect, biological maturation, and coaches’ efficacy expectations in young male soccer players. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 89(3), 17.
  • Staub, I., Stallman, R. K., Vogt, T. (2020). The relative age effect in german 11-18 year-old male and female swimmers. German Journal of Exeriszee and Sports Research, 50, 453-462.
  • Malina, R.M. (2003). Growth and maturity status of young soccer players. (Ed. Reilly T, Williams AM). Growth and Adolescence: Science and Soccer, (2nd Edition), London, Routledge, s. 289-306.
  • Mengütay, S. (2005). Çocuklarda hareket gelişimi ve spor. İstanbul: Morpa Kültür Yayınları.
  • Medic, N., Young, B. W., Starkes, J. L., Weir, P. L., Grove, J. R. (2009). Gender, age, and sport differences in relative age effects among US Masters swimming and track and field athletes. Journal of sports sciences, 27(14), 1535-1544.
  • Mikulic, M., Gregora, P., Benkovsky, L. and Peracek, P. (2015). The relative age effect on the selection in the Slovakia National Football Teams. Acta Facultatis Educationis Physicae Universitatis Comenianae, 55(2), 122-131.
  • Muratlı, S. (1991). Çocuk ve gençlerde kuvvet gelişimi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri ve Teknolojisi Yüksekokulu. Antrenman Bilimleri Sempozyumu, Yayın No: 4, Ankara.
  • Musch, J., Grondin, S. (2001). Unequal Competition as an Impediment to Personal Development: A Review of the Relative Age Effect in Sport. Developmental Review, 21, 147-167.
  • Mülazımoğlu, O., Cihan, H., Erdoğdu, M., Şirin, E. F. (2013). Türkiye’deki bazı futbol kulüplerinin profesyonel ve alt yapı takımlarında bağıl yaş etkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, 11(2), 105-111.
  • Müller, L., Gehmaier, J., Gonaus, C., Raschner, C., & Müller, E. (2018). Maturity status strongly influences the relative age effect in international elite under-9 soccer. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 17(2), 216.
  • Nagy, N., Csaba, Ö. (2015). Research on relative age in hungarian swimming. Physıcal Culture and sports Research. doi: 10.1515/pcssr-2015-0023
  • Özer, D.S., Özer, M.K. (2006). Çocuklarda motor gelişim. Ankara, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Pekel, H.A., Kalamış, O. (2018). 14 yaş altı atletlerde bağıl yaşın etkisi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(2), 153-162.
  • Roberts, S.J., Boddy, L.M., Fairclough, S.J. ve Stratton, G. (2012). The ınfluence of relative age effects on the cardiorespiratory fitness levels of children age 9 to 10 and 11 to 12 years of age. Pediatric Exercise Science, 24, 72-83.
  • Romaneiro, C., Folgado, H., Batalha, N. and Duarte, R. (2009). Relative age effect of Olympic athletes in Beijing. Department of Sport and health, University of Evora, POR.
  • Sevim, Y. (2002). Antrenman bilgisi, Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Simmons, C., Paull, G.C. (2001). Season-of-birth bias in association football. Journal of sports sciences, 19, s. 677-686.
  • Stracciolini, A., Friedman, H. L., Casciano, R., Howell, D., Sugimoto, D., Micheli, L. J. (2016). The relative age effect on youth sports injuries. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 48(6), 1068-1074.
  • Şahin, M. (2017). Türkiye’deki 7-14 yaş futbol oynayan çocukların fiziksel performans ve beden kompozisyonu norm çalışması. Yayınlanmış Doktora tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimler Enstitüsü, Hareket Antrenman Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul.
  • Şahin, L. (2017). Futbol milli takım seçmelerinde bağıl yaş etkisi ve fiziksel performans. Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim Dalı, Sağlık Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • “Türkiye Yüzme Federasyonu”. Erişim:10.10.2020, https://www.tyf.gov.tr.
  • Tribolet, R., Watsford, M.L., Coutts, A.j., Smith, C., Fransen, J. (2019). From entry to elite: The relative age effect in the Austrilian football talent pathway. Journal of science and Medicine in Sport, 22(6), 741-745.
  • Unnithana, V., Whitea, J., Georgioua, A., Igab, J., Drustb, B. (2012). Talent identification in youth soccer. J Sport Sci, 30(15), 1, 719-1,726
  • Werneck, E.F. Coelho, H.Z. de Oliveira, D.B. Ribeiro Júnior, S.P. Almas, J.R.P. de Lima, M.O. Mattab, A.J. Figueiredo (2016). Relative age effect in Olympic basketball athletes. Science & Sports, 31, 158-161.

RELATİVE AGE EFFECT ON SWİMMİNG PERFORMANCE

Year 2022, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 82 - 91, 30.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.984057

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the Relative Age Effects (RAE) between the categories in 4,298 swimmers, including men=178, women=105, men=1,298, women=1,190 in the stars 13-15 age category, men=655.4298 (male:2404, female:1894) licensed swimmers has participated on this study. The birth age and gender of the swimmers and the 50 m freestyle swimming technique competition degrees (in seconds) swimming in the Olympic pool were examined. The swimmers have been categorised as quarterly year (QY) and half year (HY) depending on where their birth month landed through out the year. It covers the months of QY1 (January, February, March), QY2 (April, May, June), QY3 (July, August, September), QY4 (October, November, December) and HY1 (January, February, March, April, May, June), HY2 (July, August, September, October, November, December). According to these quarter and half periods, the swimming degrees and birth months of the swimmers were compared. The data analysis has been done by using the SPSS 22 Program. One-way variance analysis (One-Way ANOVA) for the analysis of the interpreter performance difference (One-Way ANOVA) and the detection of swimmers between the distribution of the birthdates were used to determine the chi-square (X2) test. The degree of significance p <0.05 has been adopted.Results of the study found the presence of RAE in children and young swimmers in Turkey but there is no effect on the master category (40-44 years old). This suggests that the is more effective on the young age groups. The RAE should be considered when the candidates are selected for the teams.

References

  • Akkoc, O., Sercan, C., Kirandi, O., Erol, M., Kapici, S., Kayhan, R. F., Ulucan, K. (2020). Determination of the distribution angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE I/D) and alpha-actinin-(ACTN-3 R577X) among elite sprinters and middle-long distance runners in Turkey. Progress in Nutrition, 22, 2: e2020031.
  • Akkoç, O., Genç, D., Özel, H., Kayhan, R. F., Gökalp, M., Kırandı, Ö.,Akkoç, T. (2021). Acute effect of repeated sprint and aerobic endurance training on foxp3+ regulatory t cells and cytokine levels. Turk J Immunol, 9(1), 50-8.
  • Akkoç, O., Göksu Ö. (2020). 15 yaş altı futbolcuların yetenek ve atletik performans seviyelerine bağıl yaş etkisi. Spormetre The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 18(4), 203-212.
  • Augste, C., Lames, M. (2011). The relative age effect and success in German elite U-17 soccer teams. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(9), 983-987.
  • Barbosa, T.M, Morais, J.E., Marques, M.C, Costa, M.J., Marinho, D.A. (2015). The power output and sprinting performance of young swimmers. J. Strength Cond. Res. 29, 440–450.
  • Barnsley, R., Thompson, A.H., Legault, P. (1992). Family planning: football style. the relative age effect in football. Int. Rev. F. Sociology of Sports, 27, 77-86.
  • Baikoğlu, S. (2016). Elit spocularda bağıl yaş etkisi. Sport Sciences 11(3), 39-45.
  • Bompa, T. O. Carrera M. (2015). Conditioning young athletes. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 125.
  • Cobley, S., Baker, J., Wattie, N., McKenna, J. (2009). Annual age-grouping and athlete development. Sports Medicine, 39(3), 235-256.
  • Connor, J. D., Renshaw, I., Doma, K. (2019). Moderating factors influence the relative age effect in Australian cricket. PeerJ, 7, e6867.
  • DeLorme, N., Boiché, J., Raspaud, M. (2009). The relative age effect in elite sport: the french case. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80 (2).
  • Gonzalez-Villora, S., Pastor-Vicedo, J. C. and Cordente, D. (2015). Relative age effect in UEFA championship soccer players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 47(1), 237-248.
  • Groeneveld, R. A., Meeden, G. (1984). Measuring skewness and kurtosis. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series D (The Statistician), 33(4), 391-399.
  • Hasırcı, S., Sevimli, D., Durusoy, E.A. (2009). Gelişim ve öğrenme. Ankara: Nobel Kitabevi.
  • Hirose, N. (2009). Relationships among birth-month distribution,skeletal age and anthropometric characteristics in adolescent elite soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27(11), s. 1159-1166.
  • Peña-González, I., Moya-Ramón, M., Cervelló, E. (2018). Relative Age effect, biological maturation, and coaches’ efficacy expectations in young male soccer players. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 89(3), 17.
  • Staub, I., Stallman, R. K., Vogt, T. (2020). The relative age effect in german 11-18 year-old male and female swimmers. German Journal of Exeriszee and Sports Research, 50, 453-462.
  • Malina, R.M. (2003). Growth and maturity status of young soccer players. (Ed. Reilly T, Williams AM). Growth and Adolescence: Science and Soccer, (2nd Edition), London, Routledge, s. 289-306.
  • Mengütay, S. (2005). Çocuklarda hareket gelişimi ve spor. İstanbul: Morpa Kültür Yayınları.
  • Medic, N., Young, B. W., Starkes, J. L., Weir, P. L., Grove, J. R. (2009). Gender, age, and sport differences in relative age effects among US Masters swimming and track and field athletes. Journal of sports sciences, 27(14), 1535-1544.
  • Mikulic, M., Gregora, P., Benkovsky, L. and Peracek, P. (2015). The relative age effect on the selection in the Slovakia National Football Teams. Acta Facultatis Educationis Physicae Universitatis Comenianae, 55(2), 122-131.
  • Muratlı, S. (1991). Çocuk ve gençlerde kuvvet gelişimi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri ve Teknolojisi Yüksekokulu. Antrenman Bilimleri Sempozyumu, Yayın No: 4, Ankara.
  • Musch, J., Grondin, S. (2001). Unequal Competition as an Impediment to Personal Development: A Review of the Relative Age Effect in Sport. Developmental Review, 21, 147-167.
  • Mülazımoğlu, O., Cihan, H., Erdoğdu, M., Şirin, E. F. (2013). Türkiye’deki bazı futbol kulüplerinin profesyonel ve alt yapı takımlarında bağıl yaş etkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, 11(2), 105-111.
  • Müller, L., Gehmaier, J., Gonaus, C., Raschner, C., & Müller, E. (2018). Maturity status strongly influences the relative age effect in international elite under-9 soccer. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 17(2), 216.
  • Nagy, N., Csaba, Ö. (2015). Research on relative age in hungarian swimming. Physıcal Culture and sports Research. doi: 10.1515/pcssr-2015-0023
  • Özer, D.S., Özer, M.K. (2006). Çocuklarda motor gelişim. Ankara, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Pekel, H.A., Kalamış, O. (2018). 14 yaş altı atletlerde bağıl yaşın etkisi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(2), 153-162.
  • Roberts, S.J., Boddy, L.M., Fairclough, S.J. ve Stratton, G. (2012). The ınfluence of relative age effects on the cardiorespiratory fitness levels of children age 9 to 10 and 11 to 12 years of age. Pediatric Exercise Science, 24, 72-83.
  • Romaneiro, C., Folgado, H., Batalha, N. and Duarte, R. (2009). Relative age effect of Olympic athletes in Beijing. Department of Sport and health, University of Evora, POR.
  • Sevim, Y. (2002). Antrenman bilgisi, Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Simmons, C., Paull, G.C. (2001). Season-of-birth bias in association football. Journal of sports sciences, 19, s. 677-686.
  • Stracciolini, A., Friedman, H. L., Casciano, R., Howell, D., Sugimoto, D., Micheli, L. J. (2016). The relative age effect on youth sports injuries. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 48(6), 1068-1074.
  • Şahin, M. (2017). Türkiye’deki 7-14 yaş futbol oynayan çocukların fiziksel performans ve beden kompozisyonu norm çalışması. Yayınlanmış Doktora tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimler Enstitüsü, Hareket Antrenman Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul.
  • Şahin, L. (2017). Futbol milli takım seçmelerinde bağıl yaş etkisi ve fiziksel performans. Doktora Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim Dalı, Sağlık Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • “Türkiye Yüzme Federasyonu”. Erişim:10.10.2020, https://www.tyf.gov.tr.
  • Tribolet, R., Watsford, M.L., Coutts, A.j., Smith, C., Fransen, J. (2019). From entry to elite: The relative age effect in the Austrilian football talent pathway. Journal of science and Medicine in Sport, 22(6), 741-745.
  • Unnithana, V., Whitea, J., Georgioua, A., Igab, J., Drustb, B. (2012). Talent identification in youth soccer. J Sport Sci, 30(15), 1, 719-1,726
  • Werneck, E.F. Coelho, H.Z. de Oliveira, D.B. Ribeiro Júnior, S.P. Almas, J.R.P. de Lima, M.O. Mattab, A.J. Figueiredo (2016). Relative age effect in Olympic basketball athletes. Science & Sports, 31, 158-161.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sports Medicine
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Meltem Düzgün 0000-0003-1603-8567

Ömercan Göksu 0000-0003-3504-5818

Orkun Akkoç 0000-0003-0718-6883

Early Pub Date March 24, 2022
Publication Date March 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 20 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Düzgün, M., Göksu, Ö., & Akkoç, O. (2022). BAĞIL YAŞIN YÜZME PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(1), 82-91. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.984057

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