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YAŞLILARLA SOSYAL HİZMETLERDE YENİ PARADİGMA: YAŞLILARI GÜÇLENDİRME

Year 2020, Volume: 20 Issue: 47, 355 - 382, 02.10.2020

Melike Pak

https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.535708

Abstract

Yaşlı
bireyler toplum tabanında ve sosyal politika uygulamalarında bakıma muhtaç,
diğerlerine bağımlı, topluma faydasız ve yük olarak değerlendirilmekte, bu algı
hizmet süreçlerine de yansımaktadır. Ülkemizde yaşlı bireylere yönelik sosyal
hizmetler bakım modeli odaklı olarak uygulanmakta, bu durum yaşlıları daha
bağımlı hale getirerek güçsüzleştirmektedir. Ancak son yıllarda sosyal hizmet
disiplininde ön plana çıkan güçlendirme yaklaşımı, bireylerin içsel
potansiyellerinin geliştirilmesi, güçlü yanlarının ön plana çıkarılması,
çevresel kaynakların harekete geçirilmesi, karar süreçlerine dahil olması,
topluma katkı ve katılımlarının desteklenmesi ile birlikte yaşlıların toplumda
olumsuz algılanmasının önüne geçilmesi ve yaşam kalitelerinin arttırılması
açısından faydalı görülmektedir. Güçlendirme yaklaşımında hizmet alanlarla
işbirliği içinde bir süreç izlenerek kurum bakımı, sağlık hizmetleri ve sosyal
hizmetlerde güçlendirme odaklı uygulamalar ile birlikte kollektif grup
çalışmaları, sivil katılım, istihdam, eğitim, gönüllü çalışmalar, kuşaklararası
ilişkiler gibi pek çok alan yaşlı bireylerin güçlendirilmesi için
kullanılabilir. Yaşlı bireylerin yardıma muhtaç ve güçsüz bir grup olarak algılanmasını
önlemek için makro düzeyde sosyal politika uygulamaları üretilmesi
gerekmektedir. 

Keywords

Yaşlı Güçlendirme Politika Sosyal Hizmetler Katılım

References

  • Baur, V. & Abma, T. (2012). ‘The Taste Buddies’: Participation and Empowerment in a Residential Home for Older People. Ageing & Society, 32(6), 1055-1078.
  • Breton, M. (1994). On the Meaning of Empowerment and Empowerment-Oriented Social Work Practice. Social Work with Groups, 17(3), 23-37.
  • Browne, C. V. (1995). Empowerment in Social Work Practice with Older Women. Social Work, 40(3), 358-364.
  • Burr, J. A., Caro, F. G. & Moorhead, J. (2002). Productive Aging and Civic Participation. Journal of Aging Studies, 16(1), 87-105.
  • Curry, N. & Fisher, R. (2013). Being, Belonging and Bestowing: Differing Degrees of Community Involvement Amongst Rural Elders in England and Wales. European Journal of Ageing, 10(4), 325-333.
  • Dong Y. & Dong H. (2018) Design Empowerment for Older Adults. In: Zhou J., Salvendy G. (eds.) Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population. Acceptance, Communication and Participation. ITAP 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 10926. Springer, Cham.
  • Fotokian, Z., Shahboulaghi, F. M., Fallahi-Khoshknab, M. & Pourhabib, A. (2017). The Empowerment of Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Managing Life with the Disease. Plos One, 12(4), e0174028.
  • Gonzales, E., Matz-Costa, C. & Morrow-Howell, N. (2015). Increasing Opportunities for the Productive Engagement of Older Adults: A Response to Population Aging. The Gerontologist, 55(2), 252-261.
  • Graybeal, C. (2001). Strengths-based Social Work Assessment: Transforming the Dominant Paradigm. Families in Society. The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 82(3), 233-242.
  • Grundtvig Projesi El Kılavuzu (2016). Empowering Processes for Older People in their Care Settings. A Manual of Good Practice from the Grundtvig PEP Project. https://www.curaviva.ch/files/WU6V8DN/pep_manual_02_2016.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.01. 2019).
  • Hage, A. M. & Lorensen, M. (2005). A Philosophical Analysis of the Concept Empowerment; The Fundament of an Education‐Programme to the Frail Elderly. Nursing Philosophy, 6(4), 235-246.
  • Hsueh, M. N. & Yeh, M. L. (2006). A Conceptual Analysis of the Process of Empowering the Elderly at the Community Level. The Journal of Nursing, 53(2), 5-10.
  • Johnston, J. H., Brosi, W. A., Hermann, J. R. & Jaco, L. (2011). The Impact of Social Support on Perceived Control Among Older Adults: Building Blocks of Empowerment. Journal of Extension, 49(5), 1-8.
  • King, N. & Calasanti, T. (2006). Empowering the Old: Critical Gerontology and Anti-aging in a Global Context. Aging, Globalization, and Inequality: The New Critical Gerontology, 139-157.
  • Kondo, N., Minai, J., Imai, H. & Yamagata, Z. (2007). Engagement in a Cohesive Group and Higher-level Functional Capacity in Older Adults in Japan: A Case of the Mujin. Social Science & Medicine, 64(11), 2311-2323.
  • Lam, K. L. & Lee, S. L. (2009). Elderly Participation and Empowerment: Experiences of SAGE. Monograph Serıes No.21. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=apiasmp (Erişim Tarihi: 29.01.2019).
  • Liu, M., Gao, R. & Pusari, N. (2006). Using Participatory Action Research to Provide Health Promotion for Disadvantaged Elders in Shaanxi Province, China. Public Health Nursing, 23(4), 332-338.
  • Lord, J. & Hutchison, P. (2009). The Process of Empowerment: Implications for Theory and Practice. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 12(1), 5-22.
  • Martínez-Maldonado De La Luz, M., Correa-Muñoz, E. & Mendoza-Núñez, V. M. (2007). Program of Active Aging in a Rural Mexican Community: A Qualitative Approach. BMC Public Health, 7(1), 276-285.
  • Martinson, M. & Minkler, M. (2006). Civic Engagement and Older Adults: A Critical Perspective. The Gerontologist, 46(3), 318-324.
  • Minimol, K. (2016). Risk Assessment and Strengths Based Case Management in Elderly Care–Scope of Social Work Practice. Artha-Journal of Social Sciences, 15(2), 121-121.
  • De Lira, G. A., da Silva Santos, M., Ribeiro, K. S. Q. S. & Stobäus, C. D. (2017). Elderly Empowerment: Health Promotion in the Perspective of Popular Education içinde Health. Education, (8), 1111-1123.
  • Ponnuswami, I., Francis, A. & Udhayakumar, P. (2012). Strengths-Based Approach to Social Work Practice with Older Persons. İçinde Papers in Strengths Based Practice. Allied Publishers, New Delhi, India, 150-161.
  • Poole, J., Gardner, P., Flower, M. C. & Cooper, C. (2009). Narrative Therapy, Older Adults, and Group Work?: Practice, Research, and Recommendations. Social Work with Groups, 32(4), 288-302.
  • Pradeep M.D. & Raj J. (2016). Recent Trends of Socıo-economıc Empowerment of Elderly- Interventıons Towards Broad Based Benefıts ın Indıa. International Journal of Current Research and Modern Education, 1(1), 2455 – 5428.
  • Ritchie, C., Wieland, D., Tully, C., Rowe, J., Sims, R., & Bodner, E. (2002). Coordination and Advocacy for Rural Elders (CARE) A Model of Rural Case Management With Veterans. The Gerontologist, 42(3), 399-405.
  • Roberts, K. J. (1999). Patient Empowerment in the United States: A Critical Commentary. Health Expectations, 2(2), 82-92.
  • Sak, G., Rothenfluh, F. & Schulz, P. J. (2017). Assessing The Predictive Power of Psychological Empowerment and Health Literacy for Older Patients’ Participation in Health Care: A Cross-sectional Population-based Study. BMC Geriatrics, 17(1), 59-74.
  • Saleebey, D. (1996). The Strengths Perspective in Social Work Practice: Extensions and Cautions. Social Work, 41(3), 296-305.
  • Shearer, N. B. C. & Reed, P. G. (2004). Empowerment: Reformulation of a Non-Rogerian Concept. Nursing Science Quarterly, 17(3), 253-259.
  • Shearer, N. B. C., Fleury, J. D. & Belyea, M. (2010). Randomized Control Trial of The Health Empowerment Intervention: Feasibility and Impact. Nursing Research, 59(3), 203-211.
  • Shearer, N. B., Fleury, J., Ward, K. A. & O’Brien, A. M. (2012). Empowerment Interventions for Older Adults. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 34(1), 24-51.
  • Shin, D. S., Kim, C. J. & Choi, Y. J. (2016). Effects of An Empowerment Program for Self‐management Among Rural Older Adults with Hypertension in South Korea. Australian Journal of Rural Health, 24(3), 213-219.
  • Smith, R. (2008). Social Work and Power. Palgrave.
  • Tabatabaei, S. Z., Ebrahimi, F., Hamzah, A. B. H., Rezaeian, M. & Kamrani, M. A. (2017). Ethnographic Exploration of Empowerment to Improve Elderly Residents’ Quality of Life. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 22(5), 414-419.
  • Thompson, N. (2016). Güç ve Güçlendirme. Nika Yayınevi. Ankara.
  • TUİK (2018). İstatistiklerle Yaşlılar, 2017, Sayı: 27595.
  • UNECE (2015). Innovative and Empowering Strategies for Care. Policy Brief on Aging. No:15. https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/pau/age/Policy_briefs/ECE-WG.1-21-PB15.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.01. 2019).
  • Vishal, M. V. (2017). Strengths-Based Social Work: Proposing Protective and Engagement Practice with Older Adults. Journal of Social Work Education and Practice, 3(3), 46-53.
  • Walsh, K. & O’Shea, E. (2008). Responding to Rural Social Care Needs: Older People Empowering Themselves, Others and Their Community. Health & Place, 14(4), 795-805.
  • Warburton, J., Paynter, J. & Petriwskyj, A. (2007). Volunteering As a Productive Aging Activity: Incentives and Barriers to Volunteering by Australian Seniors. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 26(4), 333-354.
  • World Health Organization (WHO) (2018). Aging and Health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2018).
  • Zimmerman, M. A. & Rappaport, J. (1988). Citizen Participation, Perceived Control and Psychological Empowerment. American Journal of Community Psychology, 16(5), 725-750.
  • Zimmerman, M. A. (1995). Psychological Empowerment: Issues and Illustrations. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 581-599.

Year 2020, Volume: 20 Issue: 47, 355 - 382, 02.10.2020

Melike Pak

https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.535708

Abstract

References

  • Baur, V. & Abma, T. (2012). ‘The Taste Buddies’: Participation and Empowerment in a Residential Home for Older People. Ageing & Society, 32(6), 1055-1078.
  • Breton, M. (1994). On the Meaning of Empowerment and Empowerment-Oriented Social Work Practice. Social Work with Groups, 17(3), 23-37.
  • Browne, C. V. (1995). Empowerment in Social Work Practice with Older Women. Social Work, 40(3), 358-364.
  • Burr, J. A., Caro, F. G. & Moorhead, J. (2002). Productive Aging and Civic Participation. Journal of Aging Studies, 16(1), 87-105.
  • Curry, N. & Fisher, R. (2013). Being, Belonging and Bestowing: Differing Degrees of Community Involvement Amongst Rural Elders in England and Wales. European Journal of Ageing, 10(4), 325-333.
  • Dong Y. & Dong H. (2018) Design Empowerment for Older Adults. In: Zhou J., Salvendy G. (eds.) Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population. Acceptance, Communication and Participation. ITAP 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 10926. Springer, Cham.
  • Fotokian, Z., Shahboulaghi, F. M., Fallahi-Khoshknab, M. & Pourhabib, A. (2017). The Empowerment of Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Managing Life with the Disease. Plos One, 12(4), e0174028.
  • Gonzales, E., Matz-Costa, C. & Morrow-Howell, N. (2015). Increasing Opportunities for the Productive Engagement of Older Adults: A Response to Population Aging. The Gerontologist, 55(2), 252-261.
  • Graybeal, C. (2001). Strengths-based Social Work Assessment: Transforming the Dominant Paradigm. Families in Society. The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 82(3), 233-242.
  • Grundtvig Projesi El Kılavuzu (2016). Empowering Processes for Older People in their Care Settings. A Manual of Good Practice from the Grundtvig PEP Project. https://www.curaviva.ch/files/WU6V8DN/pep_manual_02_2016.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.01. 2019).
  • Hage, A. M. & Lorensen, M. (2005). A Philosophical Analysis of the Concept Empowerment; The Fundament of an Education‐Programme to the Frail Elderly. Nursing Philosophy, 6(4), 235-246.
  • Hsueh, M. N. & Yeh, M. L. (2006). A Conceptual Analysis of the Process of Empowering the Elderly at the Community Level. The Journal of Nursing, 53(2), 5-10.
  • Johnston, J. H., Brosi, W. A., Hermann, J. R. & Jaco, L. (2011). The Impact of Social Support on Perceived Control Among Older Adults: Building Blocks of Empowerment. Journal of Extension, 49(5), 1-8.
  • King, N. & Calasanti, T. (2006). Empowering the Old: Critical Gerontology and Anti-aging in a Global Context. Aging, Globalization, and Inequality: The New Critical Gerontology, 139-157.
  • Kondo, N., Minai, J., Imai, H. & Yamagata, Z. (2007). Engagement in a Cohesive Group and Higher-level Functional Capacity in Older Adults in Japan: A Case of the Mujin. Social Science & Medicine, 64(11), 2311-2323.
  • Lam, K. L. & Lee, S. L. (2009). Elderly Participation and Empowerment: Experiences of SAGE. Monograph Serıes No.21. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=apiasmp (Erişim Tarihi: 29.01.2019).
  • Liu, M., Gao, R. & Pusari, N. (2006). Using Participatory Action Research to Provide Health Promotion for Disadvantaged Elders in Shaanxi Province, China. Public Health Nursing, 23(4), 332-338.
  • Lord, J. & Hutchison, P. (2009). The Process of Empowerment: Implications for Theory and Practice. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 12(1), 5-22.
  • Martínez-Maldonado De La Luz, M., Correa-Muñoz, E. & Mendoza-Núñez, V. M. (2007). Program of Active Aging in a Rural Mexican Community: A Qualitative Approach. BMC Public Health, 7(1), 276-285.
  • Martinson, M. & Minkler, M. (2006). Civic Engagement and Older Adults: A Critical Perspective. The Gerontologist, 46(3), 318-324.
  • Minimol, K. (2016). Risk Assessment and Strengths Based Case Management in Elderly Care–Scope of Social Work Practice. Artha-Journal of Social Sciences, 15(2), 121-121.
  • De Lira, G. A., da Silva Santos, M., Ribeiro, K. S. Q. S. & Stobäus, C. D. (2017). Elderly Empowerment: Health Promotion in the Perspective of Popular Education içinde Health. Education, (8), 1111-1123.
  • Ponnuswami, I., Francis, A. & Udhayakumar, P. (2012). Strengths-Based Approach to Social Work Practice with Older Persons. İçinde Papers in Strengths Based Practice. Allied Publishers, New Delhi, India, 150-161.
  • Poole, J., Gardner, P., Flower, M. C. & Cooper, C. (2009). Narrative Therapy, Older Adults, and Group Work?: Practice, Research, and Recommendations. Social Work with Groups, 32(4), 288-302.
  • Pradeep M.D. & Raj J. (2016). Recent Trends of Socıo-economıc Empowerment of Elderly- Interventıons Towards Broad Based Benefıts ın Indıa. International Journal of Current Research and Modern Education, 1(1), 2455 – 5428.
  • Ritchie, C., Wieland, D., Tully, C., Rowe, J., Sims, R., & Bodner, E. (2002). Coordination and Advocacy for Rural Elders (CARE) A Model of Rural Case Management With Veterans. The Gerontologist, 42(3), 399-405.
  • Roberts, K. J. (1999). Patient Empowerment in the United States: A Critical Commentary. Health Expectations, 2(2), 82-92.
  • Sak, G., Rothenfluh, F. & Schulz, P. J. (2017). Assessing The Predictive Power of Psychological Empowerment and Health Literacy for Older Patients’ Participation in Health Care: A Cross-sectional Population-based Study. BMC Geriatrics, 17(1), 59-74.
  • Saleebey, D. (1996). The Strengths Perspective in Social Work Practice: Extensions and Cautions. Social Work, 41(3), 296-305.
  • Shearer, N. B. C. & Reed, P. G. (2004). Empowerment: Reformulation of a Non-Rogerian Concept. Nursing Science Quarterly, 17(3), 253-259.
  • Shearer, N. B. C., Fleury, J. D. & Belyea, M. (2010). Randomized Control Trial of The Health Empowerment Intervention: Feasibility and Impact. Nursing Research, 59(3), 203-211.
  • Shearer, N. B., Fleury, J., Ward, K. A. & O’Brien, A. M. (2012). Empowerment Interventions for Older Adults. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 34(1), 24-51.
  • Shin, D. S., Kim, C. J. & Choi, Y. J. (2016). Effects of An Empowerment Program for Self‐management Among Rural Older Adults with Hypertension in South Korea. Australian Journal of Rural Health, 24(3), 213-219.
  • Smith, R. (2008). Social Work and Power. Palgrave.
  • Tabatabaei, S. Z., Ebrahimi, F., Hamzah, A. B. H., Rezaeian, M. & Kamrani, M. A. (2017). Ethnographic Exploration of Empowerment to Improve Elderly Residents’ Quality of Life. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 22(5), 414-419.
  • Thompson, N. (2016). Güç ve Güçlendirme. Nika Yayınevi. Ankara.
  • TUİK (2018). İstatistiklerle Yaşlılar, 2017, Sayı: 27595.
  • UNECE (2015). Innovative and Empowering Strategies for Care. Policy Brief on Aging. No:15. https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/pau/age/Policy_briefs/ECE-WG.1-21-PB15.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 28.01. 2019).
  • Vishal, M. V. (2017). Strengths-Based Social Work: Proposing Protective and Engagement Practice with Older Adults. Journal of Social Work Education and Practice, 3(3), 46-53.
  • Walsh, K. & O’Shea, E. (2008). Responding to Rural Social Care Needs: Older People Empowering Themselves, Others and Their Community. Health & Place, 14(4), 795-805.
  • Warburton, J., Paynter, J. & Petriwskyj, A. (2007). Volunteering As a Productive Aging Activity: Incentives and Barriers to Volunteering by Australian Seniors. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 26(4), 333-354.
  • World Health Organization (WHO) (2018). Aging and Health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health (Erişim Tarihi: 25.01.2018).
  • Zimmerman, M. A. & Rappaport, J. (1988). Citizen Participation, Perceived Control and Psychological Empowerment. American Journal of Community Psychology, 16(5), 725-750.
  • Zimmerman, M. A. (1995). Psychological Empowerment: Issues and Illustrations. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 581-599.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Melike Pak 0000-0002-4391-3024

Publication Date October 2, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 20 Issue: 47

Cite

APA Pak, M. (2020). YAŞLILARLA SOSYAL HİZMETLERDE YENİ PARADİGMA: YAŞLILARI GÜÇLENDİRME. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 20(47), 355-382. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.535708
AMA Pak M. YAŞLILARLA SOSYAL HİZMETLERDE YENİ PARADİGMA: YAŞLILARI GÜÇLENDİRME. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi. October 2020;20(47):355-382. doi:10.21560/spcd.vi.535708
Chicago Pak, Melike. “YAŞLILARLA SOSYAL HİZMETLERDE YENİ PARADİGMA: YAŞLILARI GÜÇLENDİRME”. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi 20, no. 47 (October 2020): 355-82. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.535708.
EndNote Pak M (October 1, 2020) YAŞLILARLA SOSYAL HİZMETLERDE YENİ PARADİGMA: YAŞLILARI GÜÇLENDİRME. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi 20 47 355–382.
IEEE M. Pak, “YAŞLILARLA SOSYAL HİZMETLERDE YENİ PARADİGMA: YAŞLILARI GÜÇLENDİRME”, Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, vol. 20, no. 47, pp. 355–382, 2020, doi: 10.21560/spcd.vi.535708.
ISNAD Pak, Melike. “YAŞLILARLA SOSYAL HİZMETLERDE YENİ PARADİGMA: YAŞLILARI GÜÇLENDİRME”. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi 20/47 (October 2020), 355-382. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.535708.
JAMA Pak M. YAŞLILARLA SOSYAL HİZMETLERDE YENİ PARADİGMA: YAŞLILARI GÜÇLENDİRME. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2020;20:355–382.
MLA Pak, Melike. “YAŞLILARLA SOSYAL HİZMETLERDE YENİ PARADİGMA: YAŞLILARI GÜÇLENDİRME”. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, vol. 20, no. 47, 2020, pp. 355-82, doi:10.21560/spcd.vi.535708.
Vancouver Pak M. YAŞLILARLA SOSYAL HİZMETLERDE YENİ PARADİGMA: YAŞLILARI GÜÇLENDİRME. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2020;20(47):355-82.
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