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DÜNYA MUZ PİYASA YAPISI

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 9, 73 - 83, 01.09.2022

Onur Demirel Selim Adem Hatırlı

Abstract

Dünya’da tarım ürünlerinin üretimi içinde 4. sırada yer alan muzun, üretimi, tüketimi, dış ticareti ve piyasasında önemli gelişmeler kaydedilmiştir. 1990-2019 dönemi dikkate alındığında, muzun üretim miktarı 2,34 kat artarak 116,78 milyon tona, ihracat değeri ise 4,22 kat artışla 13,53 milyar dolara ulaşmıştır. Dünya muz üretimi Asya, Afrika ve Latin Amerika ülkelerinde yoğunlaşmış olup, Hindistan (%26,08), Çin (%10.27), Endonezya (%6,23) ve Brezilya (%5,83) ilk sıralarda yer almaktadır. Muz dış ticaretinde başlıca tedarikçi ülkeler Ekvator (%23,55), Filipinler (%14,44), Kosta Rika (%7,38) ve Kolombiya (%6,44)’dır. Muz ithalatında ABD %20.34’lük payı ile ilk sırada yer almaktadır. Dünya muz ticaretini geleneksel olarak 4 çokuluslu firma (Dole Food, Chiquita, Fresh DelMonte ve Fyffes) domine etmekle birlikte son dönemlerde bu firmaların pazar paylarında önemli azalışlar gerçekleşmiştir. 2002 yılında bu firmaların pazar payları toplamı (CR4) %62 düzeyinde iken, 2017 yılında %45’e düşmüştür. Çalışma bu değişimin nedenlerini araştırmayı amaçlamakta olup, çalışma sonucunda en önemli nedenler olarak muz taşımacılığındaki teknolojik ilerleme sonucu piyasadaki firma sayısının artması, özellikle zincir marketlerin muz ithalatını doğrudan kendilerinin veya diğer firmalardan gerçekleştirmeleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu gelişmeler kapsamında günümüzde, dünya muz dış ticaret piyasa yapısı son 20 yıllık dönemde güçlü bir oligopol piyasasından orta düzeyde bir oligopol piyasasına değişim gösterdiği belirtilebilir.

Keywords

Muz Üretim Dış ticaret Piyasa yapısı

References

  • Akçaöz, H. (2011), “Analysis of Energy Use for Banana Production: A Case Study from Turkey”, African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6 (25), 5618-5624.
  • Anania, G. (2009), “How would a WTO Agreement on Bananas Affect Exporting and Importing Countries?”, ICTSD Programme on Agricultural Trade and Sustainable Development, ICTSD Project on Tropical Products, http://www.ecostat.unical.it/Anania/PUE&PIEC/pubblicazioni/Anania,%20Ictds,%20IP%20no%2021%202009.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 21.05.2021).
  • Anania, G. (2015), “The Role of Trade Policies, Multinationals, Shipping Modes and Product Differentiation in Global Value Chains for Bananas: The Case of Cameroon”, African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 10 (3), 174-191.
  • Arias, P. (2003), “The World Banana Economy, 1985-2002”, Food & Agriculture Org. FAO Commodity Studies 1, Rome.
  • Bananalink. (2021), “All about Bananas and Why Bananas Matter?”, https://www.bananalink.org.uk/all-about-bananas/#:~:text=Most%20bananas%20exported%20are%20grown,and%20ground%20and%20good%20drainage (Erişim tarihi: 22.05.2021).
  • Bellamy, A. S. (2013), “Banana Production Systems: Identification of Alternative Systems for More Sustainable Production”, AMBIO, 42, 334-343.
  • Chiquita. (2021), Official web site, https://www.chiquita.com/the-chiquita-story/ (Erişim tarihi: 28.05.2021).
  • Coltro, L., ve Kasarki, T. U. (2019), “Environmental Indicators of Banana Production in Brazil: Cavendish and Prata Varieties”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 207, 10 January, 363-378.
  • Costa, E., França, C., Fonseca, F., Kato, J., Bianco, H., Freitas, T., ve Izar, M. (2019), “Beneficial Effects of Green Banana Biomass Consumption in Patients with Pre-Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised Controlled Trial”, British Journal of Nutrition, 121 (12), 1365-1375.
  • Delmonte. (2021), Official web site, https://www.delmonte.com/our-story/our-history (Erişim tarihi: 28.05.2021).
  • Dodo, M. K. (2014), “Multinational Companies in Global Banana Trade Policies”, Food Processing and Technology, 5 (8), 1-8.
  • Dole. (2021), Official web site, https://www.dole.com/ (Erişim tarihi: 28.05.2021).
  • Evans, E. ve Ballen, F. (2012), “Banana Market”, University of Florida, February, https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/download/119613/117529 (Erişim tarihi: 21.05.2021).
  • Facts and Details. (2011), “Bananas: Their History, Cultivation and Production”, March, http://factsanddetails.com/world/cat54/sub343/item1577.html (Erişim tarihi: 22.05.2021).
  • Fairtrade International. (2021), https://www.fairtrade.net/ (Erişim tarihi: 23.05.2021).
  • Falcomer, A. L., Riquette, R. F. R., De Lima, B. R., Ginani, V. C., ve Zandonadi, R. P. (2019), “Health Benefits of Green Banana Consumption: A Systematic Review”, Nutrients, 11 (6), 1222: 1-22.
  • FAO. (2014), “The Changing Role of Multinational Companies in the Global Banana Trade”, http://www.fao.org/3/i3746e/i3746e.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 26.05.2021).
  • FAO. (2020), “Banana Market Review: February 2020 Snapshot”, http://www.fao.org/3/ca9212en/ca9212en.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 18.05.2021).
  • FAO. (2021), “Banana Facts and Figures”, http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-commodities/bananas/bananafacts/en/#.YKk0O6gzbIU (Erişim tarihi: 22.05.2021).
  • FAOSTAT. (2021a), http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC, (Erişim tarihi: 14.05.2021).
  • FAOSTAT. (2021b), http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/TP, (Erişim tarihi: 16.05.2021).
  • FAOSTAT. (2021c), http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBS, (Erişim tarihi: 18.05.2021).
  • Fyffes. (2021), Official web site, https://www.fyffes.com/our-story/about-us/, (Erişim tarihi: 28.05.2021).
  • Goenaga, R. ve Irizarry, H. (1998), “Yield of Banana Grown with Supplemental Drip-Irrigation on an Ultisol”, Experimental Agriculture, 34, 439-448.
  • Gold, C. S., Karamura, E. B., Kiggundu, A., Bagamba, F. ve Abera, A. M. K., (1999), “Geographic Shifts in the Highland Cooking Banana (Musa spp., group AAA-EA) Production in Uganda”, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 6, 45-59.
  • Guyomard, H., ve Le Mouel, C. (2003), “The New Banana Import Regime in the European Union: A Quantitative Assessment”, Estey Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, 4 (2), 143-161.
  • Hart, A. (1954), “The Banana in Jamaica: Export Trade”, Social and Economic Studies, 3 (2), 212-229.
  • Hatırlı, S. A., Jones, E., ve Aktaş, A. R. (2003), “Measuring the Market Power of the Banana Import Market in Turkey”, Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 27, 367-373.
  • Hellin, J. ve Higman, S. (2008), “The Impact of the Multinational Companies on the Banana Sector in Ecuador”, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jon-Hellin/publication/228738580_The_impact_of_the_multinational_companies_on_the_banana_sector_in_Ecuador/links/00b7d51f7b9328fec9000000/The-impact-of-the-multinational-companies-on-the-banana-sector-in-Ecuador.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 21.05.2021).
  • Hong, K., Pak, C. H. ve Pak, S. J. (2014), “Measuring Abnormal Pricing – An Alternative Approach the Case of US Banana Trade with Latin American and Caribbean Countries”, Journal of Money Laundering Control, 17 (2), 203-218.
  • Kumar, K. P. S., Bhowmik, D., Duraivel, S. ve Umadevi, M. (2012), “Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Banana”, Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 1 (3), 8192, 51-63.
  • Lotfollahi, Z., Mello, A. P. Q., Costa, E. S., Oliveira, C. L. P., Damasceno, N. R. T., Izar, M. C. ve Neto, A. M. F. (2020), “Green-Banana Biomass Consumption by Diabetic Patients Improves Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Functionality”. Sci Rep 10, 12269.
  • Mitsou, E. K., Kougia, E., Nomikos, T. Z., Yannakoulia, M., Mountzouris, K. C. ve Kyriacou, A. (2011), “Effect of Banana Consumption on Faecal Microbiota: A Randomised, Controlled Trial”, Anaerobe, 17 (6): 384-387.
  • Mordor Intelligence. (2021), “Banana Market - Growth, Trends, Covid-19 Impact, and Forecasts (2021-2026)”, https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/banana-market (Erişim tarihi: 18.05.2021).
  • OECD-FAO. (2020), “OECD‑FAO Agricultural Outlook 2020‑2029”, http://www.fao.org/3/ca8861en/CA8861EN.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 16.05.2021).
  • Paggi, M. ve Spreen, T. (2003), “Overview of the World Banana Market”, in: Josling, T. E. ve Taylor, T. G. (Ed) “Banana Wars: The Anatomy of a Trade Dispute”, CABI Publishing, USA.
  • Panigrahi, N., Thompson, A. J., Zubelzu, S. ve Knox, J. W. (2021), “Identifying Opportunities to Improve Management of Water Stress in Banana Production”, Scientia Horticulturae, 276, 109735.
  • Putra, E.S., Wasita, B. ve Anantanyu, S. (2018), “Effect of Banana Consumption and Walking Exercise on Anxiety in Female Adolescents”, Mid-International Conference in Public Health, Best Western Premiere Hotel, Solo, Indonesia, 18-19 April.
  • Rainforest Alliance. (2021), https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/ (Erişim tarihi: 23.05.2021).
  • Raynolds, L. T. (2003), “The Global Banana Trade”, in: Striffler, S., Moberg, M., Joseph, G. M. ve Rosenberg, E. S. (Ed) “Banana Wars: Power, Production, and History in the Americas”, Duke University Press, 20 November: 23-47.
  • Read, R. (2013), “The Growth and Structure of Multinationals in the Banana Export Trade”, in: “The Growth of International Business”, Routledge, London: 180-213.
  • Sae-Teaw, M., Johns, J., Johns, N. P. ve Subongkot, S. (2013), “Serum Melatonin Levels and Antioxidant Capacities after Consumption of Pineapple, Orange, or Banana by Healthy Male Volunteers”, J. Pineal Res., 55: 58-64.
  • Smith, A. ve Tossa, G. F. (2020), “Towards a United Voice for Banana Workers in Africa”, https://www.bananalink.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/FES-Towards-A-United-Voice-for-Banana-Workers-ENG-FINAL.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 28.05.2021).
  • TCTOB (T. C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı). (2021), “Tarım Ürünleri Piyasaları: Muz”, Ocak, https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/tepge/Belgeler/PDF%20Tar%C4%B1m%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCnleri%20Piyasalar%C4%B1/2021-Ocak%20Tar%C4%B1m%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCnleri%20Raporu/Muz,Ocak-2021,%20Tar%C4%B1m%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCnleri%20Piyasa%20Raporu.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 18.05.2021).
  • Tshiunza, M., Lemchi, J. ve Tenkouano, A. (2001), “Determinants of Market Production of Cooking Banana in Nigeria”, African Crop Science Journal, 9 (3): 537-547.
  • TÜİK. (2021), “Muz, Kivi, Avokado, İncir”, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=tarim-111&dil=1 (Erişim tarihi: 23.05.2021).
  • Turner, L. (1974), “Multinational Companies and the Third World”, The World Today Sep., 30 (9): 394-402.
  • Voora, V., Larrea, C. ve Bermudez, S. (2020), “Global Market Report: Bananas. Sustainable Commodities Marketplace Series 2019”, https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/ssi-global-market-report-banana.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 22.05.2021).
  • Webersik, C. (2005), “Fighting for the Plenty: The Banana Trade in Southern Somalia”, Oxford Development Studies, 33 (1): 81-97.
  • Yin, X., Quan, J. ve Kanazawa, T. (2008), “Banana Prevents Plasma Oxidative Stress in Healthy Individuals”, Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 63: 71-76.

STRUCTURE OF GLOBAL BANANA MARKET

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 9, 73 - 83, 01.09.2022

Onur Demirel Selim Adem Hatırlı

Abstract

Crucial developments have been experienced in the production, foreign trade and the market of banana that ranks 4th in terms of agricultural production in the world. In the 1990-2019 period the production of banana increased by 2.34-fold and reached to 116.78 million tonnes, import increased by 4.22-fold and reached to 13.53 billion Dollars as of 2019. Banana production concentrates in Asia, Africa and Latin America, and India (26.08%), China (10.27%), Indonesia (6.23%) and Brazil (5.83%) are among top producer countries. Ecuador (23.55%), Philippines (14.44%), Costa Rica (7.38%) and Colombia (6.44%) are among top exporter countries. In terms of imports, USA ranks first with a 20.34% ratio. Although 4 multinational firms (Dole Food, Chiquita, Fresh DelMonte and Fyffes) traditionally dominate global banana trade, the market shares of these firms have decreased significantly. While market shares of these firms (CR4) had been 62%, it decreased to 45% as of 2017. In the study, the reasons of the change are aimed to be explored and the most important reason is determined to be the increase in the number of firms in the market after technological improvements in banana transportation. Consequently, chain stores started to import by themselves of from other importer firms. Following these developments global banana foreign trade market structure has altered form a strong oligopoly to a moderate oligopoly in the last 20 years.

Keywords

Banana Production Foreign trade Market structure.

References

  • Akçaöz, H. (2011), “Analysis of Energy Use for Banana Production: A Case Study from Turkey”, African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6 (25), 5618-5624.
  • Anania, G. (2009), “How would a WTO Agreement on Bananas Affect Exporting and Importing Countries?”, ICTSD Programme on Agricultural Trade and Sustainable Development, ICTSD Project on Tropical Products, http://www.ecostat.unical.it/Anania/PUE&PIEC/pubblicazioni/Anania,%20Ictds,%20IP%20no%2021%202009.pdf, (Erişim tarihi: 21.05.2021).
  • Anania, G. (2015), “The Role of Trade Policies, Multinationals, Shipping Modes and Product Differentiation in Global Value Chains for Bananas: The Case of Cameroon”, African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 10 (3), 174-191.
  • Arias, P. (2003), “The World Banana Economy, 1985-2002”, Food & Agriculture Org. FAO Commodity Studies 1, Rome.
  • Bananalink. (2021), “All about Bananas and Why Bananas Matter?”, https://www.bananalink.org.uk/all-about-bananas/#:~:text=Most%20bananas%20exported%20are%20grown,and%20ground%20and%20good%20drainage (Erişim tarihi: 22.05.2021).
  • Bellamy, A. S. (2013), “Banana Production Systems: Identification of Alternative Systems for More Sustainable Production”, AMBIO, 42, 334-343.
  • Chiquita. (2021), Official web site, https://www.chiquita.com/the-chiquita-story/ (Erişim tarihi: 28.05.2021).
  • Coltro, L., ve Kasarki, T. U. (2019), “Environmental Indicators of Banana Production in Brazil: Cavendish and Prata Varieties”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 207, 10 January, 363-378.
  • Costa, E., França, C., Fonseca, F., Kato, J., Bianco, H., Freitas, T., ve Izar, M. (2019), “Beneficial Effects of Green Banana Biomass Consumption in Patients with Pre-Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomised Controlled Trial”, British Journal of Nutrition, 121 (12), 1365-1375.
  • Delmonte. (2021), Official web site, https://www.delmonte.com/our-story/our-history (Erişim tarihi: 28.05.2021).
  • Dodo, M. K. (2014), “Multinational Companies in Global Banana Trade Policies”, Food Processing and Technology, 5 (8), 1-8.
  • Dole. (2021), Official web site, https://www.dole.com/ (Erişim tarihi: 28.05.2021).
  • Evans, E. ve Ballen, F. (2012), “Banana Market”, University of Florida, February, https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/download/119613/117529 (Erişim tarihi: 21.05.2021).
  • Facts and Details. (2011), “Bananas: Their History, Cultivation and Production”, March, http://factsanddetails.com/world/cat54/sub343/item1577.html (Erişim tarihi: 22.05.2021).
  • Fairtrade International. (2021), https://www.fairtrade.net/ (Erişim tarihi: 23.05.2021).
  • Falcomer, A. L., Riquette, R. F. R., De Lima, B. R., Ginani, V. C., ve Zandonadi, R. P. (2019), “Health Benefits of Green Banana Consumption: A Systematic Review”, Nutrients, 11 (6), 1222: 1-22.
  • FAO. (2014), “The Changing Role of Multinational Companies in the Global Banana Trade”, http://www.fao.org/3/i3746e/i3746e.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 26.05.2021).
  • FAO. (2020), “Banana Market Review: February 2020 Snapshot”, http://www.fao.org/3/ca9212en/ca9212en.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 18.05.2021).
  • FAO. (2021), “Banana Facts and Figures”, http://www.fao.org/economic/est/est-commodities/bananas/bananafacts/en/#.YKk0O6gzbIU (Erişim tarihi: 22.05.2021).
  • FAOSTAT. (2021a), http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC, (Erişim tarihi: 14.05.2021).
  • FAOSTAT. (2021b), http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/TP, (Erişim tarihi: 16.05.2021).
  • FAOSTAT. (2021c), http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBS, (Erişim tarihi: 18.05.2021).
  • Fyffes. (2021), Official web site, https://www.fyffes.com/our-story/about-us/, (Erişim tarihi: 28.05.2021).
  • Goenaga, R. ve Irizarry, H. (1998), “Yield of Banana Grown with Supplemental Drip-Irrigation on an Ultisol”, Experimental Agriculture, 34, 439-448.
  • Gold, C. S., Karamura, E. B., Kiggundu, A., Bagamba, F. ve Abera, A. M. K., (1999), “Geographic Shifts in the Highland Cooking Banana (Musa spp., group AAA-EA) Production in Uganda”, International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 6, 45-59.
  • Guyomard, H., ve Le Mouel, C. (2003), “The New Banana Import Regime in the European Union: A Quantitative Assessment”, Estey Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, 4 (2), 143-161.
  • Hart, A. (1954), “The Banana in Jamaica: Export Trade”, Social and Economic Studies, 3 (2), 212-229.
  • Hatırlı, S. A., Jones, E., ve Aktaş, A. R. (2003), “Measuring the Market Power of the Banana Import Market in Turkey”, Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 27, 367-373.
  • Hellin, J. ve Higman, S. (2008), “The Impact of the Multinational Companies on the Banana Sector in Ecuador”, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jon-Hellin/publication/228738580_The_impact_of_the_multinational_companies_on_the_banana_sector_in_Ecuador/links/00b7d51f7b9328fec9000000/The-impact-of-the-multinational-companies-on-the-banana-sector-in-Ecuador.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 21.05.2021).
  • Hong, K., Pak, C. H. ve Pak, S. J. (2014), “Measuring Abnormal Pricing – An Alternative Approach the Case of US Banana Trade with Latin American and Caribbean Countries”, Journal of Money Laundering Control, 17 (2), 203-218.
  • Kumar, K. P. S., Bhowmik, D., Duraivel, S. ve Umadevi, M. (2012), “Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Banana”, Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 1 (3), 8192, 51-63.
  • Lotfollahi, Z., Mello, A. P. Q., Costa, E. S., Oliveira, C. L. P., Damasceno, N. R. T., Izar, M. C. ve Neto, A. M. F. (2020), “Green-Banana Biomass Consumption by Diabetic Patients Improves Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Functionality”. Sci Rep 10, 12269.
  • Mitsou, E. K., Kougia, E., Nomikos, T. Z., Yannakoulia, M., Mountzouris, K. C. ve Kyriacou, A. (2011), “Effect of Banana Consumption on Faecal Microbiota: A Randomised, Controlled Trial”, Anaerobe, 17 (6): 384-387.
  • Mordor Intelligence. (2021), “Banana Market - Growth, Trends, Covid-19 Impact, and Forecasts (2021-2026)”, https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/banana-market (Erişim tarihi: 18.05.2021).
  • OECD-FAO. (2020), “OECD‑FAO Agricultural Outlook 2020‑2029”, http://www.fao.org/3/ca8861en/CA8861EN.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 16.05.2021).
  • Paggi, M. ve Spreen, T. (2003), “Overview of the World Banana Market”, in: Josling, T. E. ve Taylor, T. G. (Ed) “Banana Wars: The Anatomy of a Trade Dispute”, CABI Publishing, USA.
  • Panigrahi, N., Thompson, A. J., Zubelzu, S. ve Knox, J. W. (2021), “Identifying Opportunities to Improve Management of Water Stress in Banana Production”, Scientia Horticulturae, 276, 109735.
  • Putra, E.S., Wasita, B. ve Anantanyu, S. (2018), “Effect of Banana Consumption and Walking Exercise on Anxiety in Female Adolescents”, Mid-International Conference in Public Health, Best Western Premiere Hotel, Solo, Indonesia, 18-19 April.
  • Rainforest Alliance. (2021), https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/ (Erişim tarihi: 23.05.2021).
  • Raynolds, L. T. (2003), “The Global Banana Trade”, in: Striffler, S., Moberg, M., Joseph, G. M. ve Rosenberg, E. S. (Ed) “Banana Wars: Power, Production, and History in the Americas”, Duke University Press, 20 November: 23-47.
  • Read, R. (2013), “The Growth and Structure of Multinationals in the Banana Export Trade”, in: “The Growth of International Business”, Routledge, London: 180-213.
  • Sae-Teaw, M., Johns, J., Johns, N. P. ve Subongkot, S. (2013), “Serum Melatonin Levels and Antioxidant Capacities after Consumption of Pineapple, Orange, or Banana by Healthy Male Volunteers”, J. Pineal Res., 55: 58-64.
  • Smith, A. ve Tossa, G. F. (2020), “Towards a United Voice for Banana Workers in Africa”, https://www.bananalink.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/FES-Towards-A-United-Voice-for-Banana-Workers-ENG-FINAL.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 28.05.2021).
  • TCTOB (T. C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı). (2021), “Tarım Ürünleri Piyasaları: Muz”, Ocak, https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr/tepge/Belgeler/PDF%20Tar%C4%B1m%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCnleri%20Piyasalar%C4%B1/2021-Ocak%20Tar%C4%B1m%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCnleri%20Raporu/Muz,Ocak-2021,%20Tar%C4%B1m%20%C3%9Cr%C3%BCnleri%20Piyasa%20Raporu.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 18.05.2021).
  • Tshiunza, M., Lemchi, J. ve Tenkouano, A. (2001), “Determinants of Market Production of Cooking Banana in Nigeria”, African Crop Science Journal, 9 (3): 537-547.
  • TÜİK. (2021), “Muz, Kivi, Avokado, İncir”, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=tarim-111&dil=1 (Erişim tarihi: 23.05.2021).
  • Turner, L. (1974), “Multinational Companies and the Third World”, The World Today Sep., 30 (9): 394-402.
  • Voora, V., Larrea, C. ve Bermudez, S. (2020), “Global Market Report: Bananas. Sustainable Commodities Marketplace Series 2019”, https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/ssi-global-market-report-banana.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 22.05.2021).
  • Webersik, C. (2005), “Fighting for the Plenty: The Banana Trade in Southern Somalia”, Oxford Development Studies, 33 (1): 81-97.
  • Yin, X., Quan, J. ve Kanazawa, T. (2008), “Banana Prevents Plasma Oxidative Stress in Healthy Individuals”, Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 63: 71-76.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Onur Demirel 0000-0002-4476-0066

Selim Adem Hatırlı 0000-0001-9632-3071

Publication Date September 1, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 9

Cite

APA Demirel, O., & Hatırlı, S. A. (2022). DÜNYA MUZ PİYASA YAPISI. Uygulamalı Sosyal Bilimler Ve Güzel Sanatlar Dergisi, 4(9), 73-83.
AMA Demirel O, Hatırlı SA. DÜNYA MUZ PİYASA YAPISI. SOSGÜZ. September 2022;4(9):73-83.
Chicago Demirel, Onur, and Selim Adem Hatırlı. “DÜNYA MUZ PİYASA YAPISI”. Uygulamalı Sosyal Bilimler Ve Güzel Sanatlar Dergisi 4, no. 9 (September 2022): 73-83.
EndNote Demirel O, Hatırlı SA (September 1, 2022) DÜNYA MUZ PİYASA YAPISI. Uygulamalı Sosyal Bilimler ve Güzel Sanatlar Dergisi 4 9 73–83.
IEEE O. Demirel and S. A. Hatırlı, “DÜNYA MUZ PİYASA YAPISI”, SOSGÜZ, vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 73–83, 2022.
ISNAD Demirel, Onur - Hatırlı, Selim Adem. “DÜNYA MUZ PİYASA YAPISI”. Uygulamalı Sosyal Bilimler ve Güzel Sanatlar Dergisi 4/9 (September 2022), 73-83.
JAMA Demirel O, Hatırlı SA. DÜNYA MUZ PİYASA YAPISI. SOSGÜZ. 2022;4:73–83.
MLA Demirel, Onur and Selim Adem Hatırlı. “DÜNYA MUZ PİYASA YAPISI”. Uygulamalı Sosyal Bilimler Ve Güzel Sanatlar Dergisi, vol. 4, no. 9, 2022, pp. 73-83.
Vancouver Demirel O, Hatırlı SA. DÜNYA MUZ PİYASA YAPISI. SOSGÜZ. 2022;4(9):73-8.
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