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Bir Huzurevinde Arkadaşlık Ağı Analizi

Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 10 - 24, 28.12.2017

Serkan Erebak

Abstract

Dünya nüfusu
yaşlanırken, daha çok insan sosyal çevrelerinin önemli derecede değiştiği
huzurevlerinde yaşamaya karar vermektedir. Yeni sosyal bağlar kurulması bu
inasnların sağlıklarını koruyabilmeleri için gereklidir. Arkadaşlık bu sosyal
bağların ana kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, huzurevinde yaşayan
yaşlılar arasındaki arkadaşlık yakından incelenmektedir. İlk olarak, 92
yaşlıyla arkadaşlıkları hakkında görüşme yapılmış; sonra da huzurevinin
kayıtları aracılığıyla bu kişilerin bilişsel durumları hakkında bilgi elde
edilmiştir. Akabinde, görüşme yapılan yaşlılar ve onların arkadaşlarının
bilişsel durumları arasındaki ilişkiler istatiksel yöntemlerle
değerlendirilmiştir. Arkadaşlık ağı analizi insanların yakınsal benzerliğe
dayanarak arkadaşlık kurabileceğini göstermiştir. İstatiksel analizler de yaşlı
insanların arkadaşlarını bilişsel benzerliği temel alarak seçebileceğini ortaya
çıkarmıştır. Sonuç olarak, huzurevi sakinlerinin arkadaş çevresi (3 kişiyle
limitli olarak) bu sakinlerin bilişsel durumlarını tahmin edebilir. 

Keywords

Huzurevi Yaşlı insanlar Arkadaşlık Ağ Biliş

References

  • Adams, R. G., & Blieszner, R. (1995). Aging well with friends and family. American Behavioral Scientist, 39(2), 209-224.
  • Barnes, L. L., de Leon, C. F. M., Wilson, R. S., & Evans, D. A. (2004). Social resources and cognitive decline in a population of older African Americans and whites. Neurology, 63, 2322-2326.
  • Bergland, A., & Kirkevold, M. (2008). The significance of peer relationships to thriving in nursing homes. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 1295–1302. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02069.x
  • Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. H. (1969). Interpersonal Attraction. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Transaction Publishers.
  • Brayne, C. (1998). The mini-mental state examination, will we be using it in 2001? International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 13(5), 285.
  • Brown, B.B. (1981). A life-span approach to friendship: Age-related dimensions of an ageless relationship. In H.Z. Lopata & D. Maines (Eds.). Research in the Interweave of Social Roles: Friendship. Greenwich, CN: JAI.
  • Burleson, B. R., Kunkel, A. W., & Szolwinski, J. B. (1997). Similarity in cognitive complexity and attraction to friends and lovers: Experimental and correlational studies. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 10(3), 221-248.
  • Byrne, D. E. (1971). The attraction paradigm (Vol. 11). Academic Pr.
  • de Medeiros, K., Saunders, P. A., Doyle, P. J., Mosby, A., & Van Haitsma, K. (2012). Friendships among people with dementia in long-term care. Dementia, 11(3), 363-381.
  • Moore, K. D. (1999). Dissonance in the dining room: A study of social interaction in a special care unit. Qualitative Health Research, 9(1), 133-155.
  • Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117-140.
  • Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189-198.
  • Güngen, C., Ertan, T., Eker, E., Yaşar, R., & Engin, F. (2002). Standardize mini mental test’in Türk toplumunda hafif demans tanısında geçerlik ve güvenilirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13, 273-281.
  • Gurung, R. A., Taylor, S. E., & Seeman, T. E. (2003). Accounting for changes in social support among married older adults: insights from the MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging. Psychology and Aging, 18(3), 487.
  • Gutheil, I. (1991). Intimacy in nursing home friendships. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 17(1-2), 59-73.
  • Hall, A., & Wellman, B. (1985). Social networks and social support. In S. Cohen & S. L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health (pp. 23-42). New York: Academic Press.
  • Hartup, W. W., & Stevens, N. (1997). Friendships and adaptation in the life course. Psychological Bulletin, 121(3), 355.
  • Hooyman, N. (1983). Social support networks in services for the elderly. (pp.133-164). In J.K. Whittaker & J. Garbarino (Eds.) Social Support Networks: Informal Helping in the Human Services. New York: Aldine.
  • Jacobzone, S. (2000). Coping with aging: international challenges. Health Affairs, 19(3), 213-225.
  • Kandel, D. B. (1978). Homophily, selection, and socialization in adolescent friendships. American Journal of Sociology, 84(2), 427-436.
  • Karney, B. R., & Gauer, B. (2010). Cognitive complexity and marital interaction in newlyweds. Personal Relationships, 17(2), 181-200.
  • Khattab, N., & Fenton, S. (2009). What makes young adults happy? Employment and non-work as determinants of life satisfaction. Sociology, 43(1), 11-26.
  • Kiata, L., Kerse, N., & Dixon, R. (2005). Residential care workers and residents: the New Zealand story. The New Zealand Medical Journal (Online), 118(1214).
  • Layard, R. (2005). Mental health: Britain’s biggest social problem? http://www.strategy.gov.uk/downloads/files/hm_layard.pdf 2004. Retrieved at 8 February, 2016.
  • Leedahl, S. N., Chapin, R. K., & Little, T. D. (2015). Multilevel examination of facility characteristics, social integration, and health for older adults living in nursing homes. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 70, 111–122. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbu112.
  • Liu, L. J., & Guo, Q. (2007). Loneliness and health-related quality of life for the empty nest elderly in the rural area of a mountainous county in China. Quality of Life Research, 16(8), 1275-1280.
  • Palmore, E. (1976). Total chance of institutionalization among the aged. The Gerontologist, 16(6), 504-507.
  • Pinquart, M., & Sorensen, S. (2001). Influences on loneliness in older adults: A meta-analysis. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 23, 245-266. Powers, B. A. (1991). The meaning of nursing home friendships. Advances in Nursing Science, 14(2), 42-58.
  • Roberts, T., & Bowers, B. (2015). How nursing home residents develop relationships with peers and staff: A grounded theory study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 52(1), 57-67.
  • Routasalo, P. E., Savikko, N., Tilvis, R. S., Strandberg, T. E., & Pitkälä, K. H. (2006). Social contacts and their relationship to loneliness among aged people–a population-based study. Gerontology, 52(3), 181-187.
  • Seeman, T. E., Lusignolo, T. M., Albert, M., & Berkman, L. (2001). Social relationships, social support, and patterns of cognitive aging in healthy, high-functioning older adults: MacArthur studies of successful aging. Health Psychology, 20(4), 243.
  • Sias, P. M., & Bartoo, H. (2007). Friendship, social support, and health. In Low-cost approaches to promote physical and mental health (pp. 455-472). Springer New York.
  • TUIK (2016). İstatistiklerle Yaşlılık. www.tuik.gov.tr/PdfGetir.do?id=21520. Retrieved at 3 February, 2016.
  • United Nations. (2015). World Population Aging. http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/WPA2015_Report.pdf. Retrieved at 3 June, 2016.
  • Usui, W. M. (1984). Homogeneity of friendship networks of elderly blacks and whites. Journal of Gerontology, 39(3), 350-356.
  • Van der Horst, M., & Coffé, H. (2012). How friendship network characteristics influence subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 107(3), 509-529.
  • Werner, C., & Parmelee, P. (1979). Similarity of activity preferences among friends: Those who play together stay together. Social Psychology Quarterly, 62-66.
  • Winningham, R. G., & Pike, N. L. (2007). A cognitive intervention to enhance institutionalized older adults’ social support networks and decrease loneliness. Aging & Mental Health, 11(6), 716-721.
  • Winkielman, P., Berntson, G. G., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2001). The psychophysiological perspective on the social mind. Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology: Intraindividual Processes, 89-108.
  • World Health Organization. (2015). World report on ageing and health. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Zeggelink, E. P., Stokman, F. N., & Van De Bunt, G. G. (1996). The emergence of groups in the evolution of friendship networks. Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 21(1-2), 29-55.
  • Zeggelink, E. (1995). Evolving friendship networks: An individual-oriented approach implementing similarity. Social Networks, 17(2), 83-110.
  • Zunzunegui, M. V., Alvarado, B. E., Del Ser, T., & Otero, A. (2003). Social networks, social integration, and social engagement determine cognitive decline in community-dwelling Spanish older adults. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences, 58B, S93-S100.

A Friendship Network Analysis in a Nursing Home

Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 10 - 24, 28.12.2017

Serkan Erebak

Abstract

As the world population
is getting aged, more people decide to live in nursing homes where their social
environment changes dramatically. Forming new social ties become necessary for
them to keep their wellbeing. Friendship forms main branch of these social
ties. In this study, we scrutinize the friendship among elderly people who
reside in a nursing home. Firstly, 92 elderly people were interviewed for their
friendships; then, data for mental status obtained via records of the nursing
homes. Afterwards, the associations among the cognitive abilities of these
interviewees and their friends were statistically evaluated. Friendship network
analysis showed that elderly people may form friendships based on proximal
similarity. Statistical analyses indicated that, elderly people may choose
friends based on cognitive similarity. Therefore, residents’ circle of friends
(limited to 3) may predict the cognitive status of the resident.

Keywords

Nursing home Older people Friendship Network Cognition

References

  • Adams, R. G., & Blieszner, R. (1995). Aging well with friends and family. American Behavioral Scientist, 39(2), 209-224.
  • Barnes, L. L., de Leon, C. F. M., Wilson, R. S., & Evans, D. A. (2004). Social resources and cognitive decline in a population of older African Americans and whites. Neurology, 63, 2322-2326.
  • Bergland, A., & Kirkevold, M. (2008). The significance of peer relationships to thriving in nursing homes. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 1295–1302. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02069.x
  • Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. H. (1969). Interpersonal Attraction. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Transaction Publishers.
  • Brayne, C. (1998). The mini-mental state examination, will we be using it in 2001? International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 13(5), 285.
  • Brown, B.B. (1981). A life-span approach to friendship: Age-related dimensions of an ageless relationship. In H.Z. Lopata & D. Maines (Eds.). Research in the Interweave of Social Roles: Friendship. Greenwich, CN: JAI.
  • Burleson, B. R., Kunkel, A. W., & Szolwinski, J. B. (1997). Similarity in cognitive complexity and attraction to friends and lovers: Experimental and correlational studies. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 10(3), 221-248.
  • Byrne, D. E. (1971). The attraction paradigm (Vol. 11). Academic Pr.
  • de Medeiros, K., Saunders, P. A., Doyle, P. J., Mosby, A., & Van Haitsma, K. (2012). Friendships among people with dementia in long-term care. Dementia, 11(3), 363-381.
  • Moore, K. D. (1999). Dissonance in the dining room: A study of social interaction in a special care unit. Qualitative Health Research, 9(1), 133-155.
  • Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117-140.
  • Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189-198.
  • Güngen, C., Ertan, T., Eker, E., Yaşar, R., & Engin, F. (2002). Standardize mini mental test’in Türk toplumunda hafif demans tanısında geçerlik ve güvenilirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13, 273-281.
  • Gurung, R. A., Taylor, S. E., & Seeman, T. E. (2003). Accounting for changes in social support among married older adults: insights from the MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging. Psychology and Aging, 18(3), 487.
  • Gutheil, I. (1991). Intimacy in nursing home friendships. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 17(1-2), 59-73.
  • Hall, A., & Wellman, B. (1985). Social networks and social support. In S. Cohen & S. L. Syme (Eds.), Social support and health (pp. 23-42). New York: Academic Press.
  • Hartup, W. W., & Stevens, N. (1997). Friendships and adaptation in the life course. Psychological Bulletin, 121(3), 355.
  • Hooyman, N. (1983). Social support networks in services for the elderly. (pp.133-164). In J.K. Whittaker & J. Garbarino (Eds.) Social Support Networks: Informal Helping in the Human Services. New York: Aldine.
  • Jacobzone, S. (2000). Coping with aging: international challenges. Health Affairs, 19(3), 213-225.
  • Kandel, D. B. (1978). Homophily, selection, and socialization in adolescent friendships. American Journal of Sociology, 84(2), 427-436.
  • Karney, B. R., & Gauer, B. (2010). Cognitive complexity and marital interaction in newlyweds. Personal Relationships, 17(2), 181-200.
  • Khattab, N., & Fenton, S. (2009). What makes young adults happy? Employment and non-work as determinants of life satisfaction. Sociology, 43(1), 11-26.
  • Kiata, L., Kerse, N., & Dixon, R. (2005). Residential care workers and residents: the New Zealand story. The New Zealand Medical Journal (Online), 118(1214).
  • Layard, R. (2005). Mental health: Britain’s biggest social problem? http://www.strategy.gov.uk/downloads/files/hm_layard.pdf 2004. Retrieved at 8 February, 2016.
  • Leedahl, S. N., Chapin, R. K., & Little, T. D. (2015). Multilevel examination of facility characteristics, social integration, and health for older adults living in nursing homes. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 70, 111–122. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbu112.
  • Liu, L. J., & Guo, Q. (2007). Loneliness and health-related quality of life for the empty nest elderly in the rural area of a mountainous county in China. Quality of Life Research, 16(8), 1275-1280.
  • Palmore, E. (1976). Total chance of institutionalization among the aged. The Gerontologist, 16(6), 504-507.
  • Pinquart, M., & Sorensen, S. (2001). Influences on loneliness in older adults: A meta-analysis. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 23, 245-266. Powers, B. A. (1991). The meaning of nursing home friendships. Advances in Nursing Science, 14(2), 42-58.
  • Roberts, T., & Bowers, B. (2015). How nursing home residents develop relationships with peers and staff: A grounded theory study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 52(1), 57-67.
  • Routasalo, P. E., Savikko, N., Tilvis, R. S., Strandberg, T. E., & Pitkälä, K. H. (2006). Social contacts and their relationship to loneliness among aged people–a population-based study. Gerontology, 52(3), 181-187.
  • Seeman, T. E., Lusignolo, T. M., Albert, M., & Berkman, L. (2001). Social relationships, social support, and patterns of cognitive aging in healthy, high-functioning older adults: MacArthur studies of successful aging. Health Psychology, 20(4), 243.
  • Sias, P. M., & Bartoo, H. (2007). Friendship, social support, and health. In Low-cost approaches to promote physical and mental health (pp. 455-472). Springer New York.
  • TUIK (2016). İstatistiklerle Yaşlılık. www.tuik.gov.tr/PdfGetir.do?id=21520. Retrieved at 3 February, 2016.
  • United Nations. (2015). World Population Aging. http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/WPA2015_Report.pdf. Retrieved at 3 June, 2016.
  • Usui, W. M. (1984). Homogeneity of friendship networks of elderly blacks and whites. Journal of Gerontology, 39(3), 350-356.
  • Van der Horst, M., & Coffé, H. (2012). How friendship network characteristics influence subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 107(3), 509-529.
  • Werner, C., & Parmelee, P. (1979). Similarity of activity preferences among friends: Those who play together stay together. Social Psychology Quarterly, 62-66.
  • Winningham, R. G., & Pike, N. L. (2007). A cognitive intervention to enhance institutionalized older adults’ social support networks and decrease loneliness. Aging & Mental Health, 11(6), 716-721.
  • Winkielman, P., Berntson, G. G., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2001). The psychophysiological perspective on the social mind. Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology: Intraindividual Processes, 89-108.
  • World Health Organization. (2015). World report on ageing and health. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Zeggelink, E. P., Stokman, F. N., & Van De Bunt, G. G. (1996). The emergence of groups in the evolution of friendship networks. Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 21(1-2), 29-55.
  • Zeggelink, E. (1995). Evolving friendship networks: An individual-oriented approach implementing similarity. Social Networks, 17(2), 83-110.
  • Zunzunegui, M. V., Alvarado, B. E., Del Ser, T., & Otero, A. (2003). Social networks, social integration, and social engagement determine cognitive decline in community-dwelling Spanish older adults. Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences, 58B, S93-S100.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Serkan Erebak 0000-0002-3777-7249

Publication Date December 28, 2017
Acceptance Date November 15, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Erebak, S. (2017). Bir Huzurevinde Arkadaşlık Ağı Analizi. Sosyal Çalışma Dergisi, 1(2), 10-24.
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