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Runaway Children: Their Social Support Levels and Psychosocial Characteristics

Year 2018, Volume: 8 Issue: 15, 877 - 901, 31.08.2018
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.425913

Abstract

The runing away from home is one of the
important problems in adolescence that can be seen to. This descriptive study
was conducted with the aim of investigating the social support levels, and
individual psychosocial characteristics of the runaway children. The
participants of the research are 15-17 year old 110 children; 65 of whom had
run away from home and 45 of whom hadn’t run away from home. The data have been
collected via Perceived Social Support Scale and a information form. For the
analysis of data, t-test and chi square tests were used. According to the
findings obtained as a result of the independent samples t-test, it has been
detected that the levels of social support of the runaway children are lower
than the comparison group. In addition, the individual characteristics of the
runaway children significantly differs from the control group are: skipping
school (33.8%), absenteeism from school (40%), dropping out (67.7%), suicide
attempt (58.5%), self-mutilation (73.8%), smoking (64.6%) and using alcohol
(26.2%), the presence of friends that use alcohol (61.5%) and drugs (36.9%),
mother's (32.8%) and father's physical abuse (41.5%). As a result, it was
thought that the findings from this study are very important for determining
the profile of the adolescents who run away from the home and for preventing
the running away from the home. Current findings are discussed with reference
to the literature. With reference to the findings of the research,
recommendations have been given to researchers, psychological counselors and
other mental health professionals.

References

  • Alavi, K., Nen, S., Mohamad, M. S., Sarnon, N., Ibrahim, F., ve Hoesni, S. M. (2014). Understanding the factors of children missing/running away from home in Malaysia. Sains Humanika, 66(1), 1-6. doi:10.11113/sh.v66n1.111 Aratani, Y., ve Cooper, J. L. (2015). The effects of runaway-homeless episodes on high school dropout. Youth & Society, 47(2), 173-198. doi:10.1177/0044118X12456406
  • Arnold, E. M., Song, E. Y., Legault, C., ve Wolfson, M. (2012). Risk behavior of runaways who return home. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 7(3), 283-297. doi:10.1080/17450128.2012.687843
  • Attar-Schwartz, S. (2013). Runaway behavior among adolescents in residential care: The role of personal characteristics, victimization experiences while in care, social climate, and institutional factors. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(2), 258-267. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.11.005
  • Aydoğan, İ. (2011). Genel liselerde öğrenim gören kız öğrencilerin problemleri. Aile ve Toplum, 7(24), 47-68.
  • Bowden, F., ve Lambie, I. (2015). What makes youth run or stay? A review of the literature on absconding. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 25, 266-279. doi: 10.1016/j.avb.2015.09.005
  • Choi, K. R. (2015). Risk factors for domestic minor sex trafficking in the United States: A literature review. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 11(2), 66-76. doi:10.1097/JFN.0000000000000072
  • Cole, J., Sprang, G., Lee, R., ve Cohen, J. (2016). The trauma of commercial sexual exploitation of youth: a comparison of CSE victims to sexual abuse victims in a clinical sample. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31(1), 122-146. doi:10.1177/0886260514555133
  • Courtney, M. E., ve Zinn, A. (2009). Predictors of running away from out-of-home care. Children and Youth Services Review, 31(12), 1298-1306. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.06.003
  • Duru, E., & Arslan, G. (2014). Evlenmek amacıyla evden kaçan kız ergenler: Bir olgubilim çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5(41), 36-48.
  • Edinburgh, L. D., Harpin, S. B., Garcia, C. M., ve Saewyc, E. M. (2013). Differences in Abuse and Related Risk and Protective Factors by Runaway Status for Adolescents Seen at a US Child Advocacy Centre. International Journal of Child and Adolescent Resilience, 1(1), 4-16.
  • Embleton, L., Lee, H., Gunn, J., Ayuku, D., ve Braitstein, P. (2016). Causes of child and youth homelessness in developed and developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(5), 435-444. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0156
  • Haynie, D. L., Petts, R. J., Maimon, D., ve Piquero, A. R. (2009). Exposure to violence in adolescence and precocious role exits. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(3), 269-286. doi:10.1007/s10964-008-9343-2
  • Hershberger, A. R., Sanders, J., Chick, C., Jessup, M., Hanlin, H., & Cyders, M. A. (2018). Predicting running away in girls who are victims of commercial sexual exploitation. Child Abuse & Neglect, 79, 269-278. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.02.023
  • Holliday, S. B., Edelen, M. O., ve Tucker, J. S. (2017). Family functioning and predictors of runaway behavior among at-risk youth. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 34(3), 247-258. doi:10.1007/s10560-016-0459-z
  • Johnson, R. J., Rew, L., ve Sternglanz, R. W. (2006). The relationship between childhood sexual abuse and sexual health practices of homeless adolescents. Adolescence, 41(162), 221-234.
  • Kim, H. S., Kim, S. Y., Cho, S. M., Chung, Y. K., Yang, J. J., ve Shin, Y. M. (2005). Mental health status and familial factors of runaway adolescents in shelter. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 44(5), 597-603.
  • Koçtürk, N., ve Bilge, F. (2017, Nisan). The individual and familial risk factors of the adolescents exposed to sexual revictimization: The first data from Turkey. 8th World Conference on Psychology, Counseling and Guidance’da sunulan bildiri, Antalya.
  • Koçtürk, N., ve Yılmaz, D. (2018). Çocuk istismarı ve ihmali için risk altındaki çocukları belirlemeye ve müdahale etmeye yönelik model/veri tabanı önerisi. Kastamonu Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, baskıda.
  • Kokkevi A., Rotsika V., Botsis A., Kanavou E., Malliori M., ve Richard-son C. (2014). “Adolescents’ self-reported running away from home and suicide attempts during a period of economic recession in Greece”. Child Youth Care Forum, 43, 691-704. doi:10.1007/s10566-014-9260-3
  • Lippert, A. M., ve Lee, B. A. (2015). Stress, coping, and mental health differences among homeless people. Sociological Inquiry, 85(3), 343-374. doi:10.1111/soin.12080
  • Lin, C. H. (2012). Children who run away from foster care: Who are the children and what are the risk factors?. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(4), 807-813. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.01.009
  • Meltzer, H., Ford, T., Bebbington, P., ve Vostanis, P. (2012). Children who run away from home: Risks for suicidal behavior and subs-tance misuse. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51(5), 415-421. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.04.002
  • Merter, F. (2007). Kızların okullaşması açısından bazı Avrupa Birliği topluluğu üyesi ülkeler ve Asya ülkelerinin karşılaştırılması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16, 221-244.
  • Nesmith, A. (2006). Predictors of running away from family foster care. Child Welfare, 85(3), 585-609.
  • Odabaş, E., Keser, N., Yüksel-Okur, F., Çelik, S., Daşkafa, F., Kars, G., ... Ulukol, B. (2012). Psychosocial analysis of revictimization in childhood sexual abuse. XIX. ISPCAN International Congress on Child Abuse and Neglect, İstanbul.
  • Peled, E., ve Cohavi, A. (2009). The meaning of running away for girls. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(10), 739-749. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.04.018
  • Rueger, S. Y., Malecki, C. K., Pyun, Y., Aycock, C., ve Coyle, S. (2016). A meta-analytic review of the association between perceived social support and depression in childhood and adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 142(10), 1017-1067. doi:10.1037/bul0000058
  • Sanchez, R. P., Waller, M. W., ve Greene, J. M. (2006). Who runs? A demographic profile of runaway youth in the United States. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(5), 778-781. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.04.018
  • Slesnick, N., ve Prestopnik, J. L. (2005). Ecologically based family therapy outcome with substance abusing runaway adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 28(2), 277-298. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.02.008
  • Thompson, S. J., Bender, K. A., Lewis, C. M., ve Watkins, R. (2008). Runaway and pregnant: Risk factors associated with pregnancy in a national sample of runaway/homeless female adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43(2), 125-132. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.12.015
  • Thompson, S. J., ve Pillai, V. K. (2006). Determinants of runaway episodes among adolescents using crisis shelter services. Internati-onal Journal of Social Welfare, 15(2), 142-149. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2397.2006.00370.x
  • Thrane, L. E., Hoyt, D. R., Whitbeck, L. B., ve Yoder, K. A. (2006). Impact of family abuse on running away, deviance, and street victimization among homeless rural and urban youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30(10), 1117-1128. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.03.008
  • Tucker, J. S., Edelen, M. O., Ellickson, P. L., ve Klein, D. J. (2011). Running away from home: A longitudinal study of adolescent risk factors and young adult outcomes. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(5), 507-518. doi:10.1007/s10964-010-9571-0
  • Tyler, K. A., ve Bersani, B. E. (2008). A longitudinal study of early adolescent precursors to running away. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 28(2), 230-251. doi:10.1177/0272431607313592
  • Whitbeck, L. B., Crawford, D. M., ve Johnson, K. A. (2009). Survival strategies, hunger, education and housing. L. B. Whitbeck (Ed.), Mental health and emerging adulthood among homeless young people içinde (s. 219-234). NY: Psychology Press.
  • Yıldırım, İ. (1997). Algılanan sosyal destek ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi güvenirliği ve geçerliği. HÜ Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 13, 81-87.
  • Zengin, L. E. (2013). Ergenlerde evden kaçma davranışının sosyo-demografik özellikler ve aile işlevleri açısından incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi), https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ adresinden edinilmiş-tir.

Evden Kaçan Çocuklar: Sosyal Destek Düzeyleri ve Psikososyal Özellikleri

Year 2018, Volume: 8 Issue: 15, 877 - 901, 31.08.2018
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.425913

Abstract



Evden kaçma ergenlik döneminde görülebilen
önemli sorunlardan biridir. Bu araştırmada aileden algılanan sosyal destek
düzeyinin ve bireysel bazı özelliklerin evden kaçan ve kaçmamış çocuklarda
anlamlı farklar gösterip göstermediğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Betimsel
bir araştırma olan bu çalışmanın örneklemini 15-17 yaş arası, evden kaçan 65
kız çocuğu ile evden kaçma öyküsü olmayan 45 kız çocuğu oluşturmaktadır. Veri
toplama araçları olarak Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği ve bilgi formu
kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde ise bağımsız örneklemler t-testinden ve
ki-kare testinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre evden kaçan
çocukların aileden algıladıkları sosyal destek düzeyinin karşılaştırma grubuna
göre daha düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, evden kaçan çocukların okuldan
kaçma (%33.8), okul devamsızlığı (%40), okul terki (%67.7), intihar girişimi
(%58.5), öz yaralama davranışı sergileme (%73.8), sigara (%64.6) ve alkol
(%26.2) kullanımı, alkol (%61.5) ve uyuşturucu madde (%36.9) kullanan arkadaş
varlığı, annenin (%32.8) ve babanın fiziksel istismarı (%41.5) yönünden
karşılaştırma grubu ile aralarındaki farkın anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulguların, evden kaçan ergen
profilinin belirlenmesinde ve evden kaçmanın önlenmesinde çok önemli olduğu
düşünülmektedir.
Araştırmanın bulguları önceki araştırma bulguları ile birlikte tartışılıp yorumlanmıştır.
Araştırmanın bulgularından hareketle, araştırmacılara, psikolojik danışmanlara
ve diğer ruh sağlığı uzmanlarına yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur. 



References

  • Alavi, K., Nen, S., Mohamad, M. S., Sarnon, N., Ibrahim, F., ve Hoesni, S. M. (2014). Understanding the factors of children missing/running away from home in Malaysia. Sains Humanika, 66(1), 1-6. doi:10.11113/sh.v66n1.111 Aratani, Y., ve Cooper, J. L. (2015). The effects of runaway-homeless episodes on high school dropout. Youth & Society, 47(2), 173-198. doi:10.1177/0044118X12456406
  • Arnold, E. M., Song, E. Y., Legault, C., ve Wolfson, M. (2012). Risk behavior of runaways who return home. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 7(3), 283-297. doi:10.1080/17450128.2012.687843
  • Attar-Schwartz, S. (2013). Runaway behavior among adolescents in residential care: The role of personal characteristics, victimization experiences while in care, social climate, and institutional factors. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(2), 258-267. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.11.005
  • Aydoğan, İ. (2011). Genel liselerde öğrenim gören kız öğrencilerin problemleri. Aile ve Toplum, 7(24), 47-68.
  • Bowden, F., ve Lambie, I. (2015). What makes youth run or stay? A review of the literature on absconding. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 25, 266-279. doi: 10.1016/j.avb.2015.09.005
  • Choi, K. R. (2015). Risk factors for domestic minor sex trafficking in the United States: A literature review. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 11(2), 66-76. doi:10.1097/JFN.0000000000000072
  • Cole, J., Sprang, G., Lee, R., ve Cohen, J. (2016). The trauma of commercial sexual exploitation of youth: a comparison of CSE victims to sexual abuse victims in a clinical sample. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 31(1), 122-146. doi:10.1177/0886260514555133
  • Courtney, M. E., ve Zinn, A. (2009). Predictors of running away from out-of-home care. Children and Youth Services Review, 31(12), 1298-1306. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.06.003
  • Duru, E., & Arslan, G. (2014). Evlenmek amacıyla evden kaçan kız ergenler: Bir olgubilim çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5(41), 36-48.
  • Edinburgh, L. D., Harpin, S. B., Garcia, C. M., ve Saewyc, E. M. (2013). Differences in Abuse and Related Risk and Protective Factors by Runaway Status for Adolescents Seen at a US Child Advocacy Centre. International Journal of Child and Adolescent Resilience, 1(1), 4-16.
  • Embleton, L., Lee, H., Gunn, J., Ayuku, D., ve Braitstein, P. (2016). Causes of child and youth homelessness in developed and developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(5), 435-444. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0156
  • Haynie, D. L., Petts, R. J., Maimon, D., ve Piquero, A. R. (2009). Exposure to violence in adolescence and precocious role exits. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(3), 269-286. doi:10.1007/s10964-008-9343-2
  • Hershberger, A. R., Sanders, J., Chick, C., Jessup, M., Hanlin, H., & Cyders, M. A. (2018). Predicting running away in girls who are victims of commercial sexual exploitation. Child Abuse & Neglect, 79, 269-278. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.02.023
  • Holliday, S. B., Edelen, M. O., ve Tucker, J. S. (2017). Family functioning and predictors of runaway behavior among at-risk youth. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 34(3), 247-258. doi:10.1007/s10560-016-0459-z
  • Johnson, R. J., Rew, L., ve Sternglanz, R. W. (2006). The relationship between childhood sexual abuse and sexual health practices of homeless adolescents. Adolescence, 41(162), 221-234.
  • Kim, H. S., Kim, S. Y., Cho, S. M., Chung, Y. K., Yang, J. J., ve Shin, Y. M. (2005). Mental health status and familial factors of runaway adolescents in shelter. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 44(5), 597-603.
  • Koçtürk, N., ve Bilge, F. (2017, Nisan). The individual and familial risk factors of the adolescents exposed to sexual revictimization: The first data from Turkey. 8th World Conference on Psychology, Counseling and Guidance’da sunulan bildiri, Antalya.
  • Koçtürk, N., ve Yılmaz, D. (2018). Çocuk istismarı ve ihmali için risk altındaki çocukları belirlemeye ve müdahale etmeye yönelik model/veri tabanı önerisi. Kastamonu Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, baskıda.
  • Kokkevi A., Rotsika V., Botsis A., Kanavou E., Malliori M., ve Richard-son C. (2014). “Adolescents’ self-reported running away from home and suicide attempts during a period of economic recession in Greece”. Child Youth Care Forum, 43, 691-704. doi:10.1007/s10566-014-9260-3
  • Lippert, A. M., ve Lee, B. A. (2015). Stress, coping, and mental health differences among homeless people. Sociological Inquiry, 85(3), 343-374. doi:10.1111/soin.12080
  • Lin, C. H. (2012). Children who run away from foster care: Who are the children and what are the risk factors?. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(4), 807-813. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.01.009
  • Meltzer, H., Ford, T., Bebbington, P., ve Vostanis, P. (2012). Children who run away from home: Risks for suicidal behavior and subs-tance misuse. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51(5), 415-421. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.04.002
  • Merter, F. (2007). Kızların okullaşması açısından bazı Avrupa Birliği topluluğu üyesi ülkeler ve Asya ülkelerinin karşılaştırılması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16, 221-244.
  • Nesmith, A. (2006). Predictors of running away from family foster care. Child Welfare, 85(3), 585-609.
  • Odabaş, E., Keser, N., Yüksel-Okur, F., Çelik, S., Daşkafa, F., Kars, G., ... Ulukol, B. (2012). Psychosocial analysis of revictimization in childhood sexual abuse. XIX. ISPCAN International Congress on Child Abuse and Neglect, İstanbul.
  • Peled, E., ve Cohavi, A. (2009). The meaning of running away for girls. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(10), 739-749. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.04.018
  • Rueger, S. Y., Malecki, C. K., Pyun, Y., Aycock, C., ve Coyle, S. (2016). A meta-analytic review of the association between perceived social support and depression in childhood and adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 142(10), 1017-1067. doi:10.1037/bul0000058
  • Sanchez, R. P., Waller, M. W., ve Greene, J. M. (2006). Who runs? A demographic profile of runaway youth in the United States. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(5), 778-781. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.04.018
  • Slesnick, N., ve Prestopnik, J. L. (2005). Ecologically based family therapy outcome with substance abusing runaway adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 28(2), 277-298. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.02.008
  • Thompson, S. J., Bender, K. A., Lewis, C. M., ve Watkins, R. (2008). Runaway and pregnant: Risk factors associated with pregnancy in a national sample of runaway/homeless female adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43(2), 125-132. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.12.015
  • Thompson, S. J., ve Pillai, V. K. (2006). Determinants of runaway episodes among adolescents using crisis shelter services. Internati-onal Journal of Social Welfare, 15(2), 142-149. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2397.2006.00370.x
  • Thrane, L. E., Hoyt, D. R., Whitbeck, L. B., ve Yoder, K. A. (2006). Impact of family abuse on running away, deviance, and street victimization among homeless rural and urban youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30(10), 1117-1128. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.03.008
  • Tucker, J. S., Edelen, M. O., Ellickson, P. L., ve Klein, D. J. (2011). Running away from home: A longitudinal study of adolescent risk factors and young adult outcomes. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(5), 507-518. doi:10.1007/s10964-010-9571-0
  • Tyler, K. A., ve Bersani, B. E. (2008). A longitudinal study of early adolescent precursors to running away. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 28(2), 230-251. doi:10.1177/0272431607313592
  • Whitbeck, L. B., Crawford, D. M., ve Johnson, K. A. (2009). Survival strategies, hunger, education and housing. L. B. Whitbeck (Ed.), Mental health and emerging adulthood among homeless young people içinde (s. 219-234). NY: Psychology Press.
  • Yıldırım, İ. (1997). Algılanan sosyal destek ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi güvenirliği ve geçerliği. HÜ Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 13, 81-87.
  • Zengin, L. E. (2013). Ergenlerde evden kaçma davranışının sosyo-demografik özellikler ve aile işlevleri açısından incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi), https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ adresinden edinilmiş-tir.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fadime Yüksel

Nilüfer Koçtürk

Publication Date August 31, 2018
Acceptance Date June 22, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 8 Issue: 15

Cite

APA Yüksel, F., & Koçtürk, N. (2018). Evden Kaçan Çocuklar: Sosyal Destek Düzeyleri ve Psikososyal Özellikleri. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 8(15), 877-901. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.425913