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The Relationship Between Anxiety and Stress and Healthy Life Awareness During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 13 - 21, 30.01.2024

İremnur Doruk Cansel Parça Yasemin Aslan

Abstract

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the long-term psychological effects and healthy living awareness of the COVID-19 pandemic on society.
Methods: The population of the study consisted of literate individuals aged 18-65 living in the city center of Ordu, and the sample group consisted of 501 people who volunteered to participate in the study. The Personal Information Form, Integrated Anxiety Stress Scale, and Healthy Life Awareness Scale were used as data collection tools. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Number Cruncher Statistical System 2020 Statistical Software program.
Results: According to age, there was a statistically significant difference in the individuals' overall scores on the Integrated Anxiety Stress Scale (p<0.01). The scores of participants under the age of 20 and between the ages of 21 and 30 were found to be significantly higher than those of other age groups. It was determined that women, single people, those with low income, those without social security, and those who are not working had higher anxiety and stress scores. A statistically significant difference was found between the total scores of the Healthy Living Awareness Scale according to the educational status of the participants (p<0.01). It was discovered that people with low levels of education scored much lower on awareness of living a healthy life.
Conclusion: Developing strategies for disadvantaged groups during the pandemic is important for protecting individuals' mental health and improving awareness of healthy living.

Keywords

Anxiety COVID-19 mental health healthy lifestyle stress

Project Number

1919B012200708

References

  • [1] Aguiar A, Pinto M, Duarte R. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and social determinants on the Portuguese population: protocol for a web-based cross-sectional study. JMIR Research Protocols. 2021;10(10): e28071.
  • [2] Akgül A, Çevik O. İstatistiksel Analiz Teknikleri. Emek Ofset. 2003, Ankara.
  • [3] Allen R, Kannangara C, Carson J. Long-term mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students in the UK: a longitudinal analysis over 12 months. British Journal of Educational Studies. 2023;00(00):1-24.
  • [4] Altena E, Baglioni C, Espie CA, Ellis J, Gavriloff D, Holzinger B, Schlarb A, Frase L, Jernelöv S, Riemann D. Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID‐19 outbreak: practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT‐I Academy. Journal of Sleep Research. 2020;29(4):e13052.
  • [5] Aras Júnior R, Durães A, Roever L, Macedo C, Aras MG, Nascimento L, Improta-Caria AC, De Sousa RAL, Gomes-Neto M. The impact of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system. Revista Da Associação Médica Brasileira. 2021;67(1):163-167.
  • [6] Benke C, Autenrieth LK, Asselmann E, Pané-Farré CA. One year after the COVID-19 outbreak in Germany: Long-term changes in depression, anxiety, loneliness, distress and life satisfaction. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 2023;273(2):289-299.
  • [7] Bostan S, Kaya A, Güneş D, Usta İ. Anxiety caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the individual and escape from the hospital. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management. 2023;6(11):60-71.
  • [8] Bourmistrova NW, Solomon T, Braude P, Strawbridge R, Carter B. Long-term effects of COVID-19 on mental health: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2022;299:118-125.
  • [9] Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, Rubin GJ. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet. 2020;395(10227):912-920.
  • [10] Cabib I, Olea-Durán B, Villalobos Dintrans P, Browne Salas J. Long-term functional ability trajectories and mental health among older people before and after the COVID-19 pandemic onset in Chile. Aging & Mental Health. 2023;27(8):1534-1543.
  • [11] Davey L. The application of case study evaluations. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation. 2023;2(9):1-2.
  • [12] Diaz Hernandez L, Giezendanner S, Fischer R, Zeller A. The effect of COVID-19 on mental well-being in Switzerland: A cross-sectional survey of the adult Swiss general population. BMC Family Practice. 2021;22(1):181.
  • [13] Dörtkol A, Özdemi̇r L. Evaluation of healthy lifestyle behaviors and related factors in medical students. Cumhuriyet Medical Journal. 2021;43(1):20-30.
  • [14] Ebadi H. Bütünleşik Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği ölçek geliştirme çalışması. Balkan ve Yakın Doğu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2023;6(1):89-99.
  • [15] Fancourt D, Steptoe A, Bu F. Trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms during enforced isolation due to COVID-19 in England: a longitudinal observational study. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8(2):141-149.
  • [16] Gagné T, Schoon I, McMunn A, Sacker A. Mental distress among young adults in Great Britain: long-term trends and early changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2022;57(6):1261-1272.
  • [17] Glinianowicz M, Ciura D, Burnatowska E, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M. Psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic-what do we know about them? European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 2023;27:6445-6458.
  • [18] Hoffmann R, Lutz SU. The health knowledge mechanism: Evidence on the link between education and health lifestyle in the Philippines. The European Journal of Health Economics. 2019;20(1):27-43.
  • [19] Karagöz Y. SPSS 21.1 Uygulama Biyoistatistik, 1. Basım, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, 2014, Ankara.
  • [20] Karataş Z. Social impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic, change and empowerment. Türkiye Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2020;4(1):1-17.
  • [21] Kurt S, Karaaziz M. COVID-19 pandemisinin psikososyal alandaki etkileri. Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;3(2):81-91.
  • [22] Kwong ASF, Pearson RM, Adams MJ, Northstone K, Tilling K, Smith D, Fawns-Ritchie C, Bould H, Warne N, Zammit S, Gunnell DJ, Moran PA, Micali N, Reichenberg A, Hickman M, Rai D, Haworth S, Campbell A, Altschul D, Flaig R, McIntosh AM, Lawlor DA, Porteous D, Timpson NJ. Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in two longitudinal UK population cohorts. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2021;218(6):334-343.
  • [23] Leeming D, Lucock M, Shibazaki K, Pilkington N, Scott B. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on those supported in the community with long-term mental health problems: a qualitative analysis of power, threat, meaning and survival. Community Mental Health Journal. 2022;58(7):1297-1309.
  • [24] Leung CMC, Ho MK, Bharwani AA, Cogo-Moreira H, Wang Y, Chow MSC, Fan X, Galea S, Leung GM, Ni MY. Mental disorders following COVID-19 and other epidemics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Translational Psychiatry. 2022;12(1):205.
  • [25] Li W, Yang Y, Liu Z-H, Zhao Y-J, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Cheung T, Xiang YT. Progression of mental health services during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. International Journal of Biological Sciences. 2020;16(10):1732-1738.
  • [26] Mansur F, Ertaş Ş. COVID-19 sürecinde bireylerin sağlıklı yaşam farkındalıklarının incelenmesi. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;7(1):43-64.
  • [27] McDowell CP, Herring MP, Lansing J, Brower CS, Meyer JD. Associations between employment changes and mental health: US data from during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology. 2021;12:631510.
  • [28] Orlandi M, Rosselli M, Pellegrino A, Boddi M, Stefani L, Toncelli L, Modesti PA. Gender differences in the impact on physical activity and lifestyle in Italy during the lockdown, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2021;31(7):2173-2180.
  • [29] Ozhan Caparlar C, Donmez A. What is scientific research and how can it be done? Turkish Journal of Anesthesia and Reanimation. 2016;44(4):212-218.
  • [30] Özer E, Yilmaz N. Healthy life awareness: a scale development study. Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies. 2020;3(1):47-60.
  • [31] Pierce M, Hope H, Ford T, Hatch S, Hotopf M, John A, Kontopantelis E, Webb R, Wessely S, McManus S, Abel KM. Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal probability sample survey of the UK population. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(10):883-892.
  • [32] Qi T, Hu T, Ge Q-Q, Zhou X-N, Li J-M, Jiang C-L, Wang W. COVID-19 pandemic related long-term chronic stress on the prevalence of depression and anxiety in the general population. BMC Psychiatry. 2021;21(1):380.
  • [33] Roever L, Cavalcante BRR, Improta-Caria AC. Long-term consequences of COVID-19 on mental health and the impact of a physically active lifestyle: a narrative review. Annals of General Psychiatry. 2023;22(1):19.
  • [34] Saddik B, Hussein A, Albanna A, Elbarazi I, Al-Shujairi A, Temsah M-H, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Stip E, Hamid Q, Halwani R. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults and children in the United Arab Emirates: a nationwide cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2021;21(1):224.
  • [35] Schrempft S, Pullen N, Baysson H, Wisniak A, Zaballa M-E, Pennacchio F, Vollenweider P, Marques-Vidal P, Preisig M, Guessous I, Stringhini S; Specchio-COVID19 study group. Prevalence and predictors of psychological distress before, during, and after a COVID-19 pandemic wave in Switzerland, 2021, Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2023;158:192-201.
  • [36] Uribe-Restrepo JM, Waich-Cohen A, Ospina-Pinillos L, Rivera AM, Castro-Díaz S, Patiño-Trejos JA, Sepúlveda MAR, Ariza-Salazar K, Cardona-Porras LF, Gómez-Restrepo C, Diez-Canseco F. Mental health and psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing measures among young adults in Bogotá, Colombia. AIMS Public Health. 2022;9(4):630-643.
  • [37] Von Bothmer MIK, Fridlund B. Gender differences in health habits and in motivation for a healthy lifestyle among Swedish university students. Nursing and Health Sciences. 2005;7(2):107-118.
  • [38] WHO. Healthy living. What is a healthy lifestyle (1999). https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/108180?&locale-attribute=es. Erişim tarihi: 10 Ağustos 2023.
  • [39] Xue B, McMunn A. Gender differences in unpaid care work and psychological distress in the UK Covid-19 lockdown. PLOS One. 2021;16(3):e0247959.
  • [40] Yazıcıoğlu Y, Erdoğan S. SPSS Uygulamalı Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri, 4. Baskı. Detay Yayıncılık. 2004, Ankara.
  • [41] Zaninotto P, Iob E, Demakakos P, Steptoe A. Immediate and longer-term changes in the mental health and well-being of older adults in England during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Psychiatry. 2022;79(2):151.
  • [42] Zhang SX, Wang Y, Rauch A, Wei F. Unprecedented disruption of lives and work: Health, distress and life satisfaction of working adults in China one month into the COVID-19 outbreak. Psychiatry Research. 2020;288:112958.
  • [43] Zhu W, Xu D, Li H, Xu G, Tian J, Lyu L, Wan N, Wei L, Rong W, Liu C, Wu B, Bian X, Lyu A. Impact of long-term home quarantine on mental health and physical activity of people in Shanghai during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2022;12:782753.

COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Anksiyete ve Stres ile Sağlıklı Yaşam Farkındalığı Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 13 - 21, 30.01.2024

İremnur Doruk Cansel Parça Yasemin Aslan

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma COVID-19 pandemisinin toplum üzerindeki uzun dönem psikolojik etkileri ve sağlıklı yaşam farkındalığının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın evrenini Ordu ili merkezinde yaşayan 18-65 yaş arası okur-yazar bireyler, örneklem grubunu ise çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü 501 kişi oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama amacıyla Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Bütünleşik Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Farkındalığı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistiklerden ve Number Cruncher Statistical System 2020 Statistical Software programından yararlanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Yaşa göre katılımcıların Bütünleşik Anksiyete Stres Ölçek toplamından almış oldukları puanlar arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmıştır (p<0,01). 20 yaş altı ile 21-30 yaş arasındaki katılımcıların puanları diğer yaş gruplarından anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur. Çalışmada kadınların, bekarların, düşük gelirlilerin, sosyal güvencesi bulunmayanların ve çalışmayanların anksiyete ve stres puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların eğitim durumlarına göre Sağlıklı Yaşam Farkındalığı Ölçeği toplam puanları arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmıştır (p<0,01). Eğitim seviyesi düşük bireylerin sağlıklı yaşam farkındalığı puanlarının anlamlı derecede daha düşük olduğu bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Pandemi döneminde dezavantajlı gruplara yönelik stratejiler geliştirilmesi bireylerin ruh sağlığının korunması ve sağlıklı yaşam farkındalığının geliştirilmesi açısından önemlidir.

Keywords

Anksiyete COVID-19 ruh sağlığı sağlıklı yaşam tarzı stres

Ethical Statement

Çalışmanın için Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Etik Kurulu’ndan (05.12.2022 tarihli ve 2022-10 sayı) izin ve ölçek kullanım izni alınmıştır. Çalışmanın bütün aşamalarında Helsinki Deklarasyonu’na uygun hareket edilmiş ve çalışma verileri gönüllü katılımcılardan toplanmıştır.

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışma TÜBİTAK 2209-A Bilim İnsanı Destek Programları Başkanlığı (BIDEB) tarafından yürütülen “2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programı” kapsamında 1919B012109110 numarası ile desteklenmeye hak kazanan bir projenin çıktısı olarak üretilmiştir.

Project Number

1919B012200708

Thanks

Bu çalışmanın 1919B012109110 proje numarası ile desteklenmesini sağlayan TÜBİTAK 2209-A Bilim İnsanı Destek Programları Başkanlığı (BIDEB)’na çok teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • [1] Aguiar A, Pinto M, Duarte R. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and social determinants on the Portuguese population: protocol for a web-based cross-sectional study. JMIR Research Protocols. 2021;10(10): e28071.
  • [2] Akgül A, Çevik O. İstatistiksel Analiz Teknikleri. Emek Ofset. 2003, Ankara.
  • [3] Allen R, Kannangara C, Carson J. Long-term mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students in the UK: a longitudinal analysis over 12 months. British Journal of Educational Studies. 2023;00(00):1-24.
  • [4] Altena E, Baglioni C, Espie CA, Ellis J, Gavriloff D, Holzinger B, Schlarb A, Frase L, Jernelöv S, Riemann D. Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID‐19 outbreak: practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT‐I Academy. Journal of Sleep Research. 2020;29(4):e13052.
  • [5] Aras Júnior R, Durães A, Roever L, Macedo C, Aras MG, Nascimento L, Improta-Caria AC, De Sousa RAL, Gomes-Neto M. The impact of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system. Revista Da Associação Médica Brasileira. 2021;67(1):163-167.
  • [6] Benke C, Autenrieth LK, Asselmann E, Pané-Farré CA. One year after the COVID-19 outbreak in Germany: Long-term changes in depression, anxiety, loneliness, distress and life satisfaction. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 2023;273(2):289-299.
  • [7] Bostan S, Kaya A, Güneş D, Usta İ. Anxiety caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the individual and escape from the hospital. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management. 2023;6(11):60-71.
  • [8] Bourmistrova NW, Solomon T, Braude P, Strawbridge R, Carter B. Long-term effects of COVID-19 on mental health: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2022;299:118-125.
  • [9] Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, Rubin GJ. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet. 2020;395(10227):912-920.
  • [10] Cabib I, Olea-Durán B, Villalobos Dintrans P, Browne Salas J. Long-term functional ability trajectories and mental health among older people before and after the COVID-19 pandemic onset in Chile. Aging & Mental Health. 2023;27(8):1534-1543.
  • [11] Davey L. The application of case study evaluations. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation. 2023;2(9):1-2.
  • [12] Diaz Hernandez L, Giezendanner S, Fischer R, Zeller A. The effect of COVID-19 on mental well-being in Switzerland: A cross-sectional survey of the adult Swiss general population. BMC Family Practice. 2021;22(1):181.
  • [13] Dörtkol A, Özdemi̇r L. Evaluation of healthy lifestyle behaviors and related factors in medical students. Cumhuriyet Medical Journal. 2021;43(1):20-30.
  • [14] Ebadi H. Bütünleşik Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği ölçek geliştirme çalışması. Balkan ve Yakın Doğu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2023;6(1):89-99.
  • [15] Fancourt D, Steptoe A, Bu F. Trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms during enforced isolation due to COVID-19 in England: a longitudinal observational study. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8(2):141-149.
  • [16] Gagné T, Schoon I, McMunn A, Sacker A. Mental distress among young adults in Great Britain: long-term trends and early changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2022;57(6):1261-1272.
  • [17] Glinianowicz M, Ciura D, Burnatowska E, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M. Psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic-what do we know about them? European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 2023;27:6445-6458.
  • [18] Hoffmann R, Lutz SU. The health knowledge mechanism: Evidence on the link between education and health lifestyle in the Philippines. The European Journal of Health Economics. 2019;20(1):27-43.
  • [19] Karagöz Y. SPSS 21.1 Uygulama Biyoistatistik, 1. Basım, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, 2014, Ankara.
  • [20] Karataş Z. Social impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic, change and empowerment. Türkiye Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2020;4(1):1-17.
  • [21] Kurt S, Karaaziz M. COVID-19 pandemisinin psikososyal alandaki etkileri. Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;3(2):81-91.
  • [22] Kwong ASF, Pearson RM, Adams MJ, Northstone K, Tilling K, Smith D, Fawns-Ritchie C, Bould H, Warne N, Zammit S, Gunnell DJ, Moran PA, Micali N, Reichenberg A, Hickman M, Rai D, Haworth S, Campbell A, Altschul D, Flaig R, McIntosh AM, Lawlor DA, Porteous D, Timpson NJ. Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in two longitudinal UK population cohorts. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2021;218(6):334-343.
  • [23] Leeming D, Lucock M, Shibazaki K, Pilkington N, Scott B. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on those supported in the community with long-term mental health problems: a qualitative analysis of power, threat, meaning and survival. Community Mental Health Journal. 2022;58(7):1297-1309.
  • [24] Leung CMC, Ho MK, Bharwani AA, Cogo-Moreira H, Wang Y, Chow MSC, Fan X, Galea S, Leung GM, Ni MY. Mental disorders following COVID-19 and other epidemics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Translational Psychiatry. 2022;12(1):205.
  • [25] Li W, Yang Y, Liu Z-H, Zhao Y-J, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Cheung T, Xiang YT. Progression of mental health services during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. International Journal of Biological Sciences. 2020;16(10):1732-1738.
  • [26] Mansur F, Ertaş Ş. COVID-19 sürecinde bireylerin sağlıklı yaşam farkındalıklarının incelenmesi. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2022;7(1):43-64.
  • [27] McDowell CP, Herring MP, Lansing J, Brower CS, Meyer JD. Associations between employment changes and mental health: US data from during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology. 2021;12:631510.
  • [28] Orlandi M, Rosselli M, Pellegrino A, Boddi M, Stefani L, Toncelli L, Modesti PA. Gender differences in the impact on physical activity and lifestyle in Italy during the lockdown, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2021;31(7):2173-2180.
  • [29] Ozhan Caparlar C, Donmez A. What is scientific research and how can it be done? Turkish Journal of Anesthesia and Reanimation. 2016;44(4):212-218.
  • [30] Özer E, Yilmaz N. Healthy life awareness: a scale development study. Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies. 2020;3(1):47-60.
  • [31] Pierce M, Hope H, Ford T, Hatch S, Hotopf M, John A, Kontopantelis E, Webb R, Wessely S, McManus S, Abel KM. Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal probability sample survey of the UK population. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(10):883-892.
  • [32] Qi T, Hu T, Ge Q-Q, Zhou X-N, Li J-M, Jiang C-L, Wang W. COVID-19 pandemic related long-term chronic stress on the prevalence of depression and anxiety in the general population. BMC Psychiatry. 2021;21(1):380.
  • [33] Roever L, Cavalcante BRR, Improta-Caria AC. Long-term consequences of COVID-19 on mental health and the impact of a physically active lifestyle: a narrative review. Annals of General Psychiatry. 2023;22(1):19.
  • [34] Saddik B, Hussein A, Albanna A, Elbarazi I, Al-Shujairi A, Temsah M-H, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Stip E, Hamid Q, Halwani R. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults and children in the United Arab Emirates: a nationwide cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2021;21(1):224.
  • [35] Schrempft S, Pullen N, Baysson H, Wisniak A, Zaballa M-E, Pennacchio F, Vollenweider P, Marques-Vidal P, Preisig M, Guessous I, Stringhini S; Specchio-COVID19 study group. Prevalence and predictors of psychological distress before, during, and after a COVID-19 pandemic wave in Switzerland, 2021, Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2023;158:192-201.
  • [36] Uribe-Restrepo JM, Waich-Cohen A, Ospina-Pinillos L, Rivera AM, Castro-Díaz S, Patiño-Trejos JA, Sepúlveda MAR, Ariza-Salazar K, Cardona-Porras LF, Gómez-Restrepo C, Diez-Canseco F. Mental health and psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing measures among young adults in Bogotá, Colombia. AIMS Public Health. 2022;9(4):630-643.
  • [37] Von Bothmer MIK, Fridlund B. Gender differences in health habits and in motivation for a healthy lifestyle among Swedish university students. Nursing and Health Sciences. 2005;7(2):107-118.
  • [38] WHO. Healthy living. What is a healthy lifestyle (1999). https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/108180?&locale-attribute=es. Erişim tarihi: 10 Ağustos 2023.
  • [39] Xue B, McMunn A. Gender differences in unpaid care work and psychological distress in the UK Covid-19 lockdown. PLOS One. 2021;16(3):e0247959.
  • [40] Yazıcıoğlu Y, Erdoğan S. SPSS Uygulamalı Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri, 4. Baskı. Detay Yayıncılık. 2004, Ankara.
  • [41] Zaninotto P, Iob E, Demakakos P, Steptoe A. Immediate and longer-term changes in the mental health and well-being of older adults in England during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Psychiatry. 2022;79(2):151.
  • [42] Zhang SX, Wang Y, Rauch A, Wei F. Unprecedented disruption of lives and work: Health, distress and life satisfaction of working adults in China one month into the COVID-19 outbreak. Psychiatry Research. 2020;288:112958.
  • [43] Zhu W, Xu D, Li H, Xu G, Tian J, Lyu L, Wan N, Wei L, Rong W, Liu C, Wu B, Bian X, Lyu A. Impact of long-term home quarantine on mental health and physical activity of people in Shanghai during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2022;12:782753.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Services and Systems (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

İremnur Doruk 0009-0005-9418-3251

Cansel Parça 0000-0001-6292-2332

Yasemin Aslan 0000-0001-6292-2332

Project Number 1919B012200708
Publication Date January 30, 2024
Submission Date September 27, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Doruk, İ., Parça, C., & Aslan, Y. (2024). COVID-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Anksiyete ve Stres ile Sağlıklı Yaşam Farkındalığı Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Health Sciences and Management, 4(1), 13-21.
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