Abstract
Günümüzde işletmeler ve uluslar, yeni teknolojiler, bilgiler ve yenilikler elde etmeye çalışan aktörler tarafından yasa dışı yöntemlerle her zamankinden daha fazla hedef alınmaktadırlar. Özellikle yüksek teknoloji, askeri uygulamalar ve biyoteknoloji alanında, devletler ile koordineli şekilde faaliyet gösteren işletmeler çok sayıda değerli ticari sırlara ve en son teknolojilere sahip olmaları nedeniyle endüstriyel casusluk için özellikle çekici bir hedeftir. Bu varlıklar, rakipler için milyarlarca dolar değerinde olabilir ve bunların çalınması rakip/düşman devletlere önemli bir askeri ya da ekonomik avantaj sağlayabilir. Bu nedenle bazı devletlerin ya da devlet dışı aktörlerin, gizli iş ayrıntılarını ve teknik bilgileri hedef alması, devletler tarafından ulusal güvenlik kapsamında değerlendirilmekte ve rekabet istihbaratından daha çok özellikle bu tür endüstriyel casusluk faaliyetlerine karşı koyma, istihbarat örgütlerinde “kontrespiyonaj” kapsamına alınmaktadır. Bu çalışma, öncelikle endüstriyel casusluğun kapsamını derinlemesine inceleyerek bu faaliyetlerin çok yönlü boyutlarını ortaya çıkarmayı ve bunun tespiti ve önlenmesine yönelik istihbarat örgütleri ile işletmelerin stratejilerini örnekler üzerinden keşfetmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca çalışma, endüstriyel casusluk ve rekabet istihbaratının, ekonomik ve ulusal güvenlik kaygıları ile arasındaki karmaşık etkileşimi araştırmakta ve endüstriyel casusluğa karşı, istihbarat örgütleri ile işletmelerin kurması gereken hassas dengeye ışık tutmaktadır.
Keywords
Rekabet İstihbaratı Endüstriyel Casusluk Ulusal Güvenlik Ekonomik Güvenlik İstihbarat Örgütleri Rusya Çin
References
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Abstract
Nowadays, companies and nations are being targeted more than ever illegally by actors trying to obtain new technologies, information, and innovations. Companies operating in coordination with governments, particularly in the fields of high technology, military applications, and biotechnology, are particularly attractive targets for industrial espionage because they possess many valuable trade secrets and the latest technologies. These assets can be worth billions of dollars to opponents, and their theft can provide a significant military and economic advantage to rival or enemy states. Therefore, the targeting of confidential business details and technical information by some states or nonstate actors is considered by states within the scope of national security. In particular, countering such industrial espionage activities, rather than competitive intelligence, is included in the scope of counterespionage in intelligence organizations. This study aimed to examine the scope of industrial espionage in depth, reveal the multifaceted dimensions of these activities, and explore the strategies of intelligence organizations and companies to detect and prevent this through examples. In addition, this study explores the complex interaction between industrial espionage and competitive intelligence with economic and national security concerns and sheds light on the delicate balance that intelligence organizations and companies should establish to decouple from industrial espionage.
Keywords
Competitive Intelligence Industrial Espionage National Security Economic Security Intelligence Organizations Russia China
References
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- Argaman, Shahar, Gabi Siboni. “Commercial and Industrial Cyber Espionage in Israel.”, Military and Strategic Affairs. 6/1, 2014. 43-58. google scholar
- Benny, Daniel J. Industrial Espionage Developing a Counterespionage Program. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis Group, 2014. google scholar
- Bernhardt, Douglas. Competitive Intelligence: How to Acquire and Use Corporate Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence. Edinburgh: Prentice Hall, 2003. google scholar
- Binanti, Andrea. “Economic Intelligence and Industrial Espionage.”, Luiss, Department of Political Science Master’s Degree. 2019. google scholar
- Bradley, Margaret. “Examples of Industrial and Military Technology Transfer in The Eighteenth Century.”, Documents pour l’histoire des techniques. 2010. 87-95. google scholar
- Brazdilova, Miroslava. “Competitive Intelligence and Competitive Abilities of Enterprises.”, Ekonomika A Management. 2005. google scholar
- Bronwyn, Higgs. “Industrial espionage: The Legal Way.”, Marketing Magazine. 76, 2005. 76-77. google scholar
- Cable, Vincent. “What is International Economic Security?.”, International Affairs. 71/2, 1995. 305-324. google scholar
- Colibasanu, Antonia. “Between Intelligence and Espionage in the Contemporary Business Environment.”, Ekonomika a Management Prague University of Economics and Business. 4, 2008. 1-13. google scholar
- Control Risks. “Iranian Cyber Espionage Group Targets Suppliers of Industrial Control Systems.”, 2020. Erişim 03 Ekim 20203. https://www.controlrisks.com/our-thinking/insights/iranian-cyber-espionage-group-targets-suppliers-of-industrial-control-systems?utm_referrer=https://www.google.com. google scholar
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- Greenberg, Andy. “A Notorious Iranian Hacking Crew Is Targeting Industrial Control Systems.”, 2019. Erişim 12 Ekim 2023. https://www.wired.com/story/iran-apt33-industrial-control-systems/. google scholar
- Heims, Peter. Countering Industrial Espionage. Surrey: Century Security Education Ltd, 1982. google scholar
- Holmström, Lauri. “Industrial Espionage and Corporate Security: The Ericsson Case.”, Reports of the Police College of Finland. 87, 2010. 11-17. Erişim 16 Eylül 2023. https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/ handle/10024/86735/Rapotteja_87_holmstrom.pdf?sequence google scholar
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- Ivanov, Tsanko V. “Competitive Intelligence and Counterintelligence - Modern Tools For Generating Proactive Corporate Security.”, International Scientific Journal Security & Future. 1/1, 2017. 7-10. google scholar
- Labonia, Francesca. “The Strategic Role of Competitive Intelligence: A Study of The Brazilian Market.”, 2018. Erişim 10 Eylül 2023. https://repositorio.usp.br/directbitstream/b7e691e0-ca07-4bb3-9a88-5966e8754b46/ FRANCESCA%20LABONIA%20-%20PRO18.pdf. google scholar
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- Mclaughlin, Michael G., William J. Holstein, “A Long March: China’s Military-Industrial Espionage.”, 2023. Erişim 21 Eylül 20223. https://asiatimes.com/2023/06/a-long-march-chinas-military-industrial-espionage/. google scholar
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- O’Brien, Dick. “A Short History of Cyber Espionage”., 2017. Erişim 14 Ekim 2023. https://medium.com/ threat-intel/cyber-espionage-spying-409416c794ec. google scholar
- Paganini, Pierluigi. “10 Biggest Cyber Espionage Cases.”, 2017. Erişim 28 Eylül 2023. https://securityaffairs. com/66617/hacking/cyber-espionage-cases.html. google scholar
- Pellegrino, Massimo. “The Threat of State-Sponsored Industrial Espionage.”, European Union Institute for Security Studies. 26, 2015. Erişim 15 Eylül 2023. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/ publication/9de4b721-6256-43f0-b7df-988e3c4c945. google scholar
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- Roper, Carl. Trade Secret Theft Industrial Espionage, and the China Threat. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis Group, 2014. google scholar
- Salminen, Joni, William Degbey. “Social Media Espionage - A Strategic Grid.”, New Technology-Based Firms in the New Millennium, Haz. Gary Cook. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2015. 261-274. google scholar
- Segal, Adam. “The Coming Tech Cold War With China”, Foreign Affairs. 2020. Erişim 02 Ekim 20203.https:// www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/north-america/2020-09-09/coming-tech-cold-war-china. google scholar
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- Shaitura, Sergey Vladimirovich, Konstantin Vasilievich Ordov, Irina Georgievna Lesnichaya, Yulia Dmitrievna Romanova, Seda Seiranovna Khachaturova. “Services and Mechanisms of Competitive Intelligence on The Internet.”, ESPACIOS. 39/45, 2018. 1-7. google scholar
- Sinha, Sharad. “Understanding Industrial Espionage For Greater Technological and Economic Security.”, Digital Object Identifier. 2012. 37-41. google scholar
- Snyder, Diane C., Sean Gregory, “Economic Intelligence in the Post-Cold War Era: Issues for Reform.”, 1997. Erişim 21 Eylül 2023. https://irp.fas.org/eprint/snyder/economic.htm. google scholar
- Solberg, S0İlen K. “Economic and Industrial Espionage at The Start of The 21st Century - Status Quaestionis.”, Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business. 6/3, 2016. 51-64. google scholar
- Sungur, Bülent. Endüstriyel Casusluğun Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Küresel Rekabet Ortamındaki Yeri. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul: Harp Akademileri Komutanlığı Stratejik Araştırmalar Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, 2012. google scholar
- Tahmasebifard, Hamid. “The Role of Competitive Intelligence and Its Sub-Types On Achieving Market Performance.”, Cogent Business & Management. 5/1, 2018. 1-16. google scholar
- Taylor, Trevor. “Defence Industries in International Relations.”, Review of International Studies. 16/1, 1990. 59-73. google scholar
- The Associated Press, “How China, Russia, Iran Target US With Economic Espionage.”, 2018. Erişim 02 Ekim 2023. https://apnews.com/united-states-government-general-news-bc0d920ef35d4c8296f79cebb1a9bd6f. google scholar
- Toriola, Temitope. “Industrial Espionage or Competitive Intelligence: Two Sides of the Same Coin.”, Purdue University. 2011. Erişim 12 Eylül 2023. https://www.cerias.purdue.edu/assets/pdf/bibtex_archive/2011-10-report.pdf. google scholar
- Vriens, Dirk. “The Role of Information and Communication Technology in Competitive Intelligence.”, Idea Group Inc, 2004. Erişim 07 Eylül 2023. https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/139628. google scholar
- Winkler, Ira S. “Case Study of Industrial Espionage Through Social Engineering.”, 1996, 4-6. Erişim 20 Eylül 2023. https:// citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=e01cfb43fd2df7bb751aefff10ed79f58342e255. google scholar
- Wray, Christopher. “Responding Effectively to the Chinese Economic Espionage Threat.”, FBI. 2020. Erişim 24 Eylül 2023. https://www.fbi.gov/news/speeches/responding-effectively-to-the-chinese-economic-espionage-threat. google scholar
- Wright, Phillip C., Geraldine Roy, “Industrial Espionage and Competitive Intelligence: One You Do; One You Do Not.”, Journal of Workplace Learning. 11/2, 1999. 53-59. google scholar
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | International Relations (Other) |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 5, 2024 |
| Submission Date | November 12, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | January 5, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 13 Issue: 1 |
