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IMPORTANCE OF SERVICES TRADE AND A CASE ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF TURKEY

Year 2021, Volume: 20 Issue: 40, 331 - 357, 25.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.769054

Abstract

Purpose: The services sector has been emerging as a key driver of global trade rather than merchandise trade. Together with the re-shaping role of digitalization, ICT and ICT enabled services have been of high importance for the global growth and presenting opportunities both for developed and even more for developing economies. Telecommunications, computer and information, insurance and pension, financial services, intellectual property are emphasized for being more efficient on economic growth and after the Covid-19 pandemic outbroke, the importance of ICT and related services were highlighted due to the rapid digital transformation the pandemic has triggered. The purpose of this paper is to analyze Turkey’s foreign trade competitiveness in ICT and ICT-enabled services comparing with the major exporters of aforementioned services.
Method: Competitiveness of Turkey, USA, India and China are compared in the trade in services by using competitive advantage indices RCA, RXA, RMP, RTA, RC.
Findings: Turkey has a surplus in its services trade, however, the sectors Turkey has competitiveness are travel and transport but not the ICT and ICT-enabled services. Digital transformation may help Turkey to both enable sustainable trade and faster recovery from pandemic.
Originality: Originality of the paper comes from the indication of necessity to change the mixture of Turkey’s trade in services and the literature lacks this kind of research.

References

  • Allas, T., Sjatil, P. E., Stern, S., & Windhagen, E. (April 29, 2020). How European businesses can position themselves for recovery. Retrieved June 23, 2020, from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-sector/our-insights/how-european-businesses-can-position-themselves-for-recovery.
  • Ayanoğlu, F. (2020). Dijital devrim, yeni dünya düzeni ve entelektüel sermaye. In S. Öz, D. Celayir, & F. S. Onursal (Eds), Pandemi sonrası yeni dünya düzeninde teknoloji yönetimi ve insani dijitalizasyon (pp. 14-41). İstanbul: Hiperyayın.
  • Balassa, B. (1965). Trade liberalization and revealed comparative advantage. The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, 33(2), 99-123.
  • Fontagnéa, L., Mohnen, P., & Wolf, G. (2014). No industry, no future?. French Council of Economic Analysis. Retrieved from https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01299902/document .
  • International Monetary Fund. (2009). Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual. (6). Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/bop/2007/pdf/bpm6.pdf.
  • İnce, A. R., & Erol, Y. (2014). Türk plastik sektörünün uluslararası rekabetçilik düzeyinin analizi. Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi,14 (29), 1-21. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/auiibfd/issue/32333/359296 Nayyar, G., & Hallward-Driemeier, M. (2018).Trouble in the making? The future of manufacturing-led development. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1174-6.
  • Richter, F. (2020, May 11). The industries worst affected by the COVID-19 job crisis. Retrieved June 1, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/chart/21669/unemployed-persons-in-the-us-by-industry .
  • Seymen, D. (2009). Türkiye’nin dış ticaret yapısı ve rekabet gücü [PDF document]. Retrieved from https://kisi.deu.edu.tr/dilek.seymen/end_ici_end_arasi_tic_tablolar.pdf.
  • United Nations Conference on Trade And Development. (2015). International trade in ICT services and ICT-enabled services. Retrieved from https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/tn_unctad_ict4d03_en.pdf.
  • Vollrath, T. (1991). A theoretical evaluation of alternative trade ıntensity measures of revealed comparative advantage. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 127(2), 265-280. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40439943.
  • World Trade Organization. (2019). Composition, definitions, methodology. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/wts2019_e/wts2019chapter07_e.pdf.
  • World Trade Organization. (2019). World statistical review. Retrieved September 13, 2019, from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/wts2019_e/wts2019_e.pdf.
  • World Trade Organization. (2019). World trade report. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/01_wtr19_0_e.pdf.
  • World Trade Organization. (2020, March 11). Services trade barometer. Retrieved June 15, 2020, from https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news20_e/wtoi_11mar20_e.pdf.
  • World Trade Organization. (2020, April 3). Trade in medical goods in the context of tackling covid-19. Retrieved June 15, 2020, from https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news20_e/rese_03apr20_e.pdf.
  • World Trade Organization. (2020, April 30). Trade set to plunge as covid-19 pandemic upends global economy. Retrieved June 15, 2020, from https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres20_e/pr855_e.htm.
  • Yamaguchi, H., & Teck, L. W. (2019, September). Consumer electronics 2024: Trends and opportunities [Video]. Webinar available from https://go.euromonitor.com/webinar-consumerelectronics-2019-consumer_electronics_in_2024.html.

HİZMETLER TİCARETİNİN ÖNEMİ VE REKABETÇİ AVANTAJLAR VAKA ÇALIŞMASI

Year 2021, Volume: 20 Issue: 40, 331 - 357, 25.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.769054

Abstract

Amaç: Mal ticaretinden ziyade hizmetler sektörü, küresel ticaretin temel itici gücü olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Dijitalleşmenin yeniden şekillendirici rolüyle birlikte, BİT ve BİT destekli hizmetler, küresel büyüme açnısında hem gelişmiş ekonomiler hem de daha da çok gelişmekte olan ekonomiler için fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Telekomünikasyon, bilgisayar ve bilişim, sigorta ve emeklilik, finansal hizmetler ve fikri mülkiyetin, ekonomik büyüme üzerinde daha verimli olduğu vurgulanmaktadır ve Covid-19 salgının tetiklediği hızlı dijital dönüşüm nedeniyle BİT ve ilgili hizmetlerin önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı, Türkiye’nin BİT ve BİT destekli hizmetlerdeki dış ticaret rekabetçiliğini, yukarıda bahsedilen hizmetlerin başlıca ihracatçıları ile karşılaştırarak analiz etmektir.
Yöntem: Türkiye, ABD, Hindistan ve Çin'in hizmet sektörlerinde dış ticaret rekabet gücü, RCA, RXA, RMP, RTA, RC rekabet avantajı endeksleri kullanılarak karşılaştırılmıştır.
Bulgular: Türkiye hizmet ticaretinde dış ticaret fazlası vermektedir, ancak Türkiye'nin rekabet gücü olan sektörler seyahat ve ulaşımdır, BİT ve ilgili sektörler değildir. Dijital dönüşüm, Türkiye'nin hem sürdürülebilir ticareti sağlamasına hem de pandemiden daha hızlı toparlanmasına yardımcı olabilecektir.
Özgünlük: Makalenin özgünlüğü, Türkiye’nin hizmet ticaretinin karışımını değiştirme gerekliliğinin göstermesinden ve literatürde bu tür araştırmaların eksikliğinden gelmektedir.

References

  • Allas, T., Sjatil, P. E., Stern, S., & Windhagen, E. (April 29, 2020). How European businesses can position themselves for recovery. Retrieved June 23, 2020, from https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-sector/our-insights/how-european-businesses-can-position-themselves-for-recovery.
  • Ayanoğlu, F. (2020). Dijital devrim, yeni dünya düzeni ve entelektüel sermaye. In S. Öz, D. Celayir, & F. S. Onursal (Eds), Pandemi sonrası yeni dünya düzeninde teknoloji yönetimi ve insani dijitalizasyon (pp. 14-41). İstanbul: Hiperyayın.
  • Balassa, B. (1965). Trade liberalization and revealed comparative advantage. The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, 33(2), 99-123.
  • Fontagnéa, L., Mohnen, P., & Wolf, G. (2014). No industry, no future?. French Council of Economic Analysis. Retrieved from https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01299902/document .
  • International Monetary Fund. (2009). Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual. (6). Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/bop/2007/pdf/bpm6.pdf.
  • İnce, A. R., & Erol, Y. (2014). Türk plastik sektörünün uluslararası rekabetçilik düzeyinin analizi. Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi,14 (29), 1-21. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/auiibfd/issue/32333/359296 Nayyar, G., & Hallward-Driemeier, M. (2018).Trouble in the making? The future of manufacturing-led development. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1174-6.
  • Richter, F. (2020, May 11). The industries worst affected by the COVID-19 job crisis. Retrieved June 1, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/chart/21669/unemployed-persons-in-the-us-by-industry .
  • Seymen, D. (2009). Türkiye’nin dış ticaret yapısı ve rekabet gücü [PDF document]. Retrieved from https://kisi.deu.edu.tr/dilek.seymen/end_ici_end_arasi_tic_tablolar.pdf.
  • United Nations Conference on Trade And Development. (2015). International trade in ICT services and ICT-enabled services. Retrieved from https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/tn_unctad_ict4d03_en.pdf.
  • Vollrath, T. (1991). A theoretical evaluation of alternative trade ıntensity measures of revealed comparative advantage. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 127(2), 265-280. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40439943.
  • World Trade Organization. (2019). Composition, definitions, methodology. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/wts2019_e/wts2019chapter07_e.pdf.
  • World Trade Organization. (2019). World statistical review. Retrieved September 13, 2019, from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/wts2019_e/wts2019_e.pdf.
  • World Trade Organization. (2019). World trade report. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/01_wtr19_0_e.pdf.
  • World Trade Organization. (2020, March 11). Services trade barometer. Retrieved June 15, 2020, from https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news20_e/wtoi_11mar20_e.pdf.
  • World Trade Organization. (2020, April 3). Trade in medical goods in the context of tackling covid-19. Retrieved June 15, 2020, from https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news20_e/rese_03apr20_e.pdf.
  • World Trade Organization. (2020, April 30). Trade set to plunge as covid-19 pandemic upends global economy. Retrieved June 15, 2020, from https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres20_e/pr855_e.htm.
  • Yamaguchi, H., & Teck, L. W. (2019, September). Consumer electronics 2024: Trends and opportunities [Video]. Webinar available from https://go.euromonitor.com/webinar-consumerelectronics-2019-consumer_electronics_in_2024.html.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Selahattin Armağan Vurdu 0000-0002-5836-876X

Publication Date June 25, 2021
Submission Date July 14, 2020
Acceptance Date May 2, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 20 Issue: 40

Cite

APA Vurdu, S. A. (2021). IMPORTANCE OF SERVICES TRADE AND A CASE ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF TURKEY. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(40), 331-357. https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.769054