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Kültürel Etnosentrizm ve Gastronomi: Türk Tüketicilerin Entomofoji Tutumları Üzerine Kalitatif Bir Çalışma

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 336 - 358, 16.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.32958/gastoria.917142

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Türk tüketicilerin böceklerin bir gıda olarak tüketilmesine yönelik algı ve tutumlarının ve bu tutumlarda kültürel etnosentrizm ve önyargıların etkili olup olmadığının belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla, kartopu örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak daha önce yurt dışına seyahat etmiş on beş kişi ve hiç yurt dışına çıkmamış beş kişi ile (toplamda 20 kişi) gönüllülük esasına dayalı olarak online görüşme yapılmış ve elde edilen veriler içerik analizi ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar yiyecek-içecek üretimi ile uğraşan ve daha önce yurtdışına seyahat etmiş kişilerin böcek tüketmeye/deneyimlemeye daha istekli olduklarını göstermektedir. Türk tüketiciler böcek yiyen kültürlere karşı önyargılı ve etnosentrik tutumlar göstermemekte, böcek tüketimini kültürel bir olgu olarak değerlendirmektedirler.

References

  • Adorno, T., Brunswick, F., Levinson, E. and Sanford, R. (1950). The authoritarian personality. New York : Harper .
  • Altemeyer, B. (1988). Right-wing authoritarianism. Univercity of Manitoba Press.
  • Baiano, A. (2020). Edible insects: An overview on nutritional characteristics, safety, farming, production technologies, regulatory framework, and socio-economic and ethical implications. Trends in Food Science & Technology(100), 35-50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2020.03.040
  • Bernard, T. and Womeni, H. M. (2017). Entomophagy: Insects as food (Ed. V.D.C. Shields) içinde Insect Physiology and Ecology (ss. 233-253), London: IntechOpen.
  • Bizumic, B., Duckitt , J., Popadic , D., Dru, V., and Krauss , S. (2009). A cross-cultural investigation into a reconceptualization of ethnocentrism. European Journal of Social Psychology(39), 871-899. doi:10.1002/ejsp.589
  • Bizumic, B. and Duckitt, J. (2012). What is and is not Ethnocentrism? A conceptual analysis and political implicationspops. Political Psychology, 1-23. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00907.x
  • Castro, M. and Chambers, E. (2018). Willingness to eat an insect based product and impact on brand equity: A global perspective. Journal of Sensory Studies, 34. doi: 10.1111/joss.12486
  • Chen, X., Feng, Y., and Chen, Z. (2009). Common edible insects and their utilization in China. Entomological Research, 5(39). doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5967.2009.00237.x
  • Cunningham, W. A., Nezlek , J. and Banaji , M. (2004). Implicit and explicit Ethnocentrism: Revisiting the ideologies of prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. doi: 10.1177/0146167204264654
  • Defoliart, G. R. (1995). Edible insects as minilivestock. Biodivers Conserv(4), 306-321. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00055976
  • Dönmez, M. S. (2020). Etnosentrik eğilim bağlamında yerli üretim logosunun satın alma niyeti üzerindeki rolü. Türkiye İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, (35), 164-183.
  • Elorduy, J. R. (2009). Anthropo‐entomophagy: Cultures, evolution and sustainability. Entomological Research, 39(5), 271-288.
  • Gahukar, R. (2016). Insects as sustainable food ingredients. Production, Processing and Food Applications, 85-111. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802856-8.00004-1
  • Good, L. K., and Huddleston, P. (1995). Ethnocentrism of Polish and Russian consumers: are feelings and intentions related? International Marketing Review, 5(12), 35-48. doi:10.1108 / 02651339510103047.
  • Hanboonsong, Y., Jamjanya, T., and Durst, P. (2013). Six-legged livestock: Edible insect farming, collection and marketing in Thailand. In Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); Regional O_ce for Asia and the Pacific: Bangkok, Thailand.
  • Holland, J. S. (2013). U.N. Urges Eating Insects; 8 Popular Bugs to Try. National Geopraphic: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/5/130514-edible-insects-entomophagy-science-food-bugs-beetles/ Erişim Tarihi: 13.12.2020
  • Hooghe, M. (2008). Ethnocentrism. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 1-5.
  • Huis, A. V. (2016). Edible insects are the future? Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 3(75), 294-205. doi:10.1017/S0029665116000069
  • Huis, A. v., Itterbeeck, J., Klunder, H., Mertens, E., Halloran, A., Muir, G., and Vantomme, P. (2013). Edible Insects: Future Prospects for Food and Feed Security. FAO Forestry Paper 171. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1-187.
  • Imathiu, S. (2020). Benefits and food safety concerns associated with consumption of edible insects. NFS Journal(18), 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nfs.2019.11.002
  • Johnson, D.V. (2010). The contribution of edible forest insects to human nutrition and to forest management. In Proceedings of the a Workshop on Asia-Pacific resources and their Potential for Development, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 19–21 February 2010; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific: Rome, Italy, 2010.
  • Jongema, Y. (2017). Worldwide List of Recorded Edible Insects; Wageningen University & Research on Social Media: Wageningen, The Netherlands https://www.wur.nl/upload_mm/8/a/6/0fdfc700-3929-4a74-8b69-f02fd35a1696_Worldwide%20list%20of%20edible%20insects%202017.pdf
  • Josiassen, A., Assaf, A., & Karpen, O. (2011). Consumer ethnocentrism and willingness to buy Analyzing the role of three demographic consumer characteristics. International Marketing Review, 6(28), 627-646. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651331111181448
  • Keith, K. D. (2013). Ethnocentrism. The Encyclopedia of Cross‐Cultural Psychology(2), 505-509. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118339893.wbeccp206.
  • Kuljanic, N., Gregory-Manning, S. (2020). What if insects were on the menu in Europe? European Parliamentary Research Service, Scientific Foresight Unit, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2020/641551/EPRS_ATA(2020)641551_EN.pdf
  • Muslu, M. (2020 ). Sağlığın geliştirilmesi ve sürdürülebilir beslenme için alternatif bir kaynak: yenilebilir böcekler. Gıda Dergisi ,5(45). doi:10.15237/gida.GD20071
  • Neto, E., and Dunkel, F. (2016). Insects as food: History, culture, and modern use around the World. Insects as Sustainable Food Ingredient, 29-54.
  • Neuliep, J. W., Chaudoir, M., and McCroskey, J. C. (2001). A cross‐cultural comparison of ethnocentrism among Japanese and United States college students. Communication Research Reports, 18(2), 137–146. doi:10.1080/08824090109384791.
  • Orkusz, A., Wolanska, W., Harasym, J., Piwowar, A., Kapelko, M. (2020). Consumers’ attitudes facing entomophagy: Polish case perspectives, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, doi:10.3390/ijerph17072427
  • Pal, P., and Roy, S. (2014). Edible insects: future of human food–a review. International Letters of Natural Sciences, 21, 1-11.
  • Payne, C.L.R., Dobermann, D., Forkes, A., House, J., Josephs, J., McBride, A., Müller, A., Quilliam, R.S. veS. Soares (2016). Insects as food and feed: European perspectives on recent research and future priorities, Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 1(1): 1-8 DOI 10.3920/JIFF2016.0011 11.
  • Scheepers, P., Felling, A., and Peters, J. (1990). Social conditions, authoritarianism and ethnocentrism: A theoretical model of the early Frankfurt School updated and tested. European Sociological Review, 6(1), 15-29
  • Saruhan, İ., ve Tuncer, C. (2010). Kültürel Entomoloji. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(25), 21-27.
  • Siamagka, N.T. and Balabanis, G. (2015). Revisiting consumer Ethnocentrism: Review, reconceptualization, and empirical testing. Journal of International Marketing. 23(3), 66-86. doi:https://doi.org/10.1509%2Fjim.14.0085
  • Sogari, G., Menozzi, D. ve Mora, C., (2015). Intention of eating edible insects: a TPB model approach. Insects as Food and Feed workshop, Oxford Martin School, December 5, 2015, Oxford, UK. Available at: http://tinyurl.com/h6zxpju
  • Wilkinson, K., Muhlhausler, B., Motley, C., Crump, A., Bray, H., Ankeny, R. (2018). Australian Consumers’ awareness and acceptance of insects as food, Insects, 9, 44; doi:10.3390/insects9020044
  • Wrench, J. S., Corrigan , M., McCroskey, J., and Punyanunt-Carter, N. (2006). Religious fundamentalism and intercultural communication: The relationships among Ethnocentrism, intercultural communication apprehension, religious fundamentalism, homonegativity, and tolerance for religious disagreements. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 1(35), 23-44. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17475740600739198
  • Yüksel, E., and Canhilal , R. (2018 ). A survey of public opinion about Entomophagy in Erciyes University. International Journal of Agriculture and Wildlife Science, 203-208.
  • Yürekli, E., ve Haşıoğlu , S. (2018). Etnosentrik düzeyine göre farklı ülke menşeli ürünlerin algısı: Kırgız öğrenciler örneği. Pamukkale Journal of Eurasian Socioeconomic Study, 2(5), 31-40.

Cultural Ethnocentrism and Gastronomy: A Qualitative Study on Attitudes of Turkish Consumers towards Entomophagy

Year 2021, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 336 - 358, 16.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.32958/gastoria.917142

Abstract

The main aim of this study is to determine the perceptions and attitudes of Turkish consumers towards the consumption of insects as a food and whether cultural ethnocentrism and prejudices are effective in these attitudes. For this purpose, using the snowball sampling method, fifteen participants who have traveled abroad before and five participants who have never traveled (20 people in total) to a foreign country were interviewed online on a voluntary basis and the data were analyzed using content analysis. The results show that participants dealing with food and beverage production and who have previously traveled abroad are more willing to consume / experience insects. Turkish consumers do not show prejudice and ethnocentric attitudes towards insect-eating cultures (Entomophagy), and they consider insect consumption as a cultural phenomenon.

References

  • Adorno, T., Brunswick, F., Levinson, E. and Sanford, R. (1950). The authoritarian personality. New York : Harper .
  • Altemeyer, B. (1988). Right-wing authoritarianism. Univercity of Manitoba Press.
  • Baiano, A. (2020). Edible insects: An overview on nutritional characteristics, safety, farming, production technologies, regulatory framework, and socio-economic and ethical implications. Trends in Food Science & Technology(100), 35-50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2020.03.040
  • Bernard, T. and Womeni, H. M. (2017). Entomophagy: Insects as food (Ed. V.D.C. Shields) içinde Insect Physiology and Ecology (ss. 233-253), London: IntechOpen.
  • Bizumic, B., Duckitt , J., Popadic , D., Dru, V., and Krauss , S. (2009). A cross-cultural investigation into a reconceptualization of ethnocentrism. European Journal of Social Psychology(39), 871-899. doi:10.1002/ejsp.589
  • Bizumic, B. and Duckitt, J. (2012). What is and is not Ethnocentrism? A conceptual analysis and political implicationspops. Political Psychology, 1-23. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2012.00907.x
  • Castro, M. and Chambers, E. (2018). Willingness to eat an insect based product and impact on brand equity: A global perspective. Journal of Sensory Studies, 34. doi: 10.1111/joss.12486
  • Chen, X., Feng, Y., and Chen, Z. (2009). Common edible insects and their utilization in China. Entomological Research, 5(39). doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5967.2009.00237.x
  • Cunningham, W. A., Nezlek , J. and Banaji , M. (2004). Implicit and explicit Ethnocentrism: Revisiting the ideologies of prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. doi: 10.1177/0146167204264654
  • Defoliart, G. R. (1995). Edible insects as minilivestock. Biodivers Conserv(4), 306-321. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00055976
  • Dönmez, M. S. (2020). Etnosentrik eğilim bağlamında yerli üretim logosunun satın alma niyeti üzerindeki rolü. Türkiye İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, (35), 164-183.
  • Elorduy, J. R. (2009). Anthropo‐entomophagy: Cultures, evolution and sustainability. Entomological Research, 39(5), 271-288.
  • Gahukar, R. (2016). Insects as sustainable food ingredients. Production, Processing and Food Applications, 85-111. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802856-8.00004-1
  • Good, L. K., and Huddleston, P. (1995). Ethnocentrism of Polish and Russian consumers: are feelings and intentions related? International Marketing Review, 5(12), 35-48. doi:10.1108 / 02651339510103047.
  • Hanboonsong, Y., Jamjanya, T., and Durst, P. (2013). Six-legged livestock: Edible insect farming, collection and marketing in Thailand. In Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); Regional O_ce for Asia and the Pacific: Bangkok, Thailand.
  • Holland, J. S. (2013). U.N. Urges Eating Insects; 8 Popular Bugs to Try. National Geopraphic: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/5/130514-edible-insects-entomophagy-science-food-bugs-beetles/ Erişim Tarihi: 13.12.2020
  • Hooghe, M. (2008). Ethnocentrism. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 1-5.
  • Huis, A. V. (2016). Edible insects are the future? Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 3(75), 294-205. doi:10.1017/S0029665116000069
  • Huis, A. v., Itterbeeck, J., Klunder, H., Mertens, E., Halloran, A., Muir, G., and Vantomme, P. (2013). Edible Insects: Future Prospects for Food and Feed Security. FAO Forestry Paper 171. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1-187.
  • Imathiu, S. (2020). Benefits and food safety concerns associated with consumption of edible insects. NFS Journal(18), 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nfs.2019.11.002
  • Johnson, D.V. (2010). The contribution of edible forest insects to human nutrition and to forest management. In Proceedings of the a Workshop on Asia-Pacific resources and their Potential for Development, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 19–21 February 2010; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific: Rome, Italy, 2010.
  • Jongema, Y. (2017). Worldwide List of Recorded Edible Insects; Wageningen University & Research on Social Media: Wageningen, The Netherlands https://www.wur.nl/upload_mm/8/a/6/0fdfc700-3929-4a74-8b69-f02fd35a1696_Worldwide%20list%20of%20edible%20insects%202017.pdf
  • Josiassen, A., Assaf, A., & Karpen, O. (2011). Consumer ethnocentrism and willingness to buy Analyzing the role of three demographic consumer characteristics. International Marketing Review, 6(28), 627-646. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651331111181448
  • Keith, K. D. (2013). Ethnocentrism. The Encyclopedia of Cross‐Cultural Psychology(2), 505-509. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118339893.wbeccp206.
  • Kuljanic, N., Gregory-Manning, S. (2020). What if insects were on the menu in Europe? European Parliamentary Research Service, Scientific Foresight Unit, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2020/641551/EPRS_ATA(2020)641551_EN.pdf
  • Muslu, M. (2020 ). Sağlığın geliştirilmesi ve sürdürülebilir beslenme için alternatif bir kaynak: yenilebilir böcekler. Gıda Dergisi ,5(45). doi:10.15237/gida.GD20071
  • Neto, E., and Dunkel, F. (2016). Insects as food: History, culture, and modern use around the World. Insects as Sustainable Food Ingredient, 29-54.
  • Neuliep, J. W., Chaudoir, M., and McCroskey, J. C. (2001). A cross‐cultural comparison of ethnocentrism among Japanese and United States college students. Communication Research Reports, 18(2), 137–146. doi:10.1080/08824090109384791.
  • Orkusz, A., Wolanska, W., Harasym, J., Piwowar, A., Kapelko, M. (2020). Consumers’ attitudes facing entomophagy: Polish case perspectives, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, doi:10.3390/ijerph17072427
  • Pal, P., and Roy, S. (2014). Edible insects: future of human food–a review. International Letters of Natural Sciences, 21, 1-11.
  • Payne, C.L.R., Dobermann, D., Forkes, A., House, J., Josephs, J., McBride, A., Müller, A., Quilliam, R.S. veS. Soares (2016). Insects as food and feed: European perspectives on recent research and future priorities, Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 1(1): 1-8 DOI 10.3920/JIFF2016.0011 11.
  • Scheepers, P., Felling, A., and Peters, J. (1990). Social conditions, authoritarianism and ethnocentrism: A theoretical model of the early Frankfurt School updated and tested. European Sociological Review, 6(1), 15-29
  • Saruhan, İ., ve Tuncer, C. (2010). Kültürel Entomoloji. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(25), 21-27.
  • Siamagka, N.T. and Balabanis, G. (2015). Revisiting consumer Ethnocentrism: Review, reconceptualization, and empirical testing. Journal of International Marketing. 23(3), 66-86. doi:https://doi.org/10.1509%2Fjim.14.0085
  • Sogari, G., Menozzi, D. ve Mora, C., (2015). Intention of eating edible insects: a TPB model approach. Insects as Food and Feed workshop, Oxford Martin School, December 5, 2015, Oxford, UK. Available at: http://tinyurl.com/h6zxpju
  • Wilkinson, K., Muhlhausler, B., Motley, C., Crump, A., Bray, H., Ankeny, R. (2018). Australian Consumers’ awareness and acceptance of insects as food, Insects, 9, 44; doi:10.3390/insects9020044
  • Wrench, J. S., Corrigan , M., McCroskey, J., and Punyanunt-Carter, N. (2006). Religious fundamentalism and intercultural communication: The relationships among Ethnocentrism, intercultural communication apprehension, religious fundamentalism, homonegativity, and tolerance for religious disagreements. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 1(35), 23-44. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17475740600739198
  • Yüksel, E., and Canhilal , R. (2018 ). A survey of public opinion about Entomophagy in Erciyes University. International Journal of Agriculture and Wildlife Science, 203-208.
  • Yürekli, E., ve Haşıoğlu , S. (2018). Etnosentrik düzeyine göre farklı ülke menşeli ürünlerin algısı: Kırgız öğrenciler örneği. Pamukkale Journal of Eurasian Socioeconomic Study, 2(5), 31-40.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Damla Payas This is me 0000-0002-9375-3719

Nuray Türker 0000-0001-5701-5674

Publication Date August 16, 2021
Submission Date April 15, 2021
Acceptance Date August 12, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Payas, D., & Türker, N. (2021). Kültürel Etnosentrizm ve Gastronomi: Türk Tüketicilerin Entomofoji Tutumları Üzerine Kalitatif Bir Çalışma. Gastroia: Journal of Gastronomy And Travel Research, 5(2), 336-358. https://doi.org/10.32958/gastoria.917142