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The Medıatıng Effect Of Posıtıve Mood In The Effect Of Emotıonal Capıtal On Emotıonal Labor

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 11, 1 - 14, 30.12.2022

Gamze Ay Mazlum Çelik

Abstract

Emotional capital is explained as resources that are useful for personal, social, professional and organizational development that a person has accumulated in his family environment, school, work and social life from birth. Emotions are considered as capital because of their effect on increasing performance. Emotional capital based on emotional intelligence, which expresses the social and emotional competencies of individuals, should be developed in order to use the power in human capital. Emotions are considered as a factor that can enable employees to perform well in business life. The concept of emotional labor was first introduced by Hochschild (1983); It is explained as the regulation and management of emotions in such a way that they are clearly observed by other people as a job requirement. The central focus of emotional labor research is how individuals achieve desired emotional displays. It is thought that individuals with high emotional capital can easily express their own feelings and be more successful in understanding and directing other individuals. The ability to make sense of emotions and activate them in the direction required by the job can be achieved with the accumulation of emotional capital. Employees spend most of their time in the workplace. Emotions experienced during the day become a part of business life. Positive mood, which are described as life satisfaction and enjoyment, can affect the performance of employees in studies. The population of the research consists of people working in municipalities operating in Gaziantep. Since it is difficult to reach the entire universe in terms of time and cost, a sample that can represent the universe was chosen. Emotional Capital, Emotional Labor and Positive Emotion scales were used to collect research data. Validity and reliability analyzes of data collection tools were made. The correlation between the variables was examined. Significant relationships were found between emotional capital sub-dimensions and emotional labor sub-dimensions. According to the regression analysis; it has been concluded that positive mood has a mediating effect on the effect of emotional capital on emotional labor.

Keywords

Emotional Capital Emotional Labor Positive Mood.

References

  • Ashforth, B. E., & Humphrey, R. H. (1993). Emotional labor in service roles: The influence of identity. Academy of Management Review, 18(1), 88-115.
  • Ay, G. (2018). Duygusal sermayenin işten ayrılma niyeti ve özdeşleşme üzerine etkisinde psikolojik dayanıklılığın aracılık etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi.
  • Ay, G. & Çelik, M. (2022). Validity and Reliability Study of the Emotional Capital Scale. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 17(1), 71-91.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal Of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173.
  • Basım, H. N., & Beğenirbaş, M. (2012). Çalışma yaşamında duygusal emek: Bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 19(1), 77-90.
  • Brotheridge, C. M., & Grandey, A. A. (2002). Emotional labor and burnout: Comparing two perspectives of “people work”. Journal of vocational behavior, 60(1), 17-39.
  • Cahill, S. E. (1999). Emotional capital and professional socialization: The case of mortuary science students (and me). Social Psychology Quarterly, 101-116.
  • Candea, D., & Candea, R. (2010). Emotional Capital for Building Sustainable Business Performance. In Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Intellectual Capital: ISCTE Lisbon University Institute Lisbon, Portugal: (p.180). Academic Conferences Limited.
  • Cardon, P. W., Huang, Y., & Power, G. (2019). Leadership communication on internal digital platforms, emotional capital, and corporate performance: The case for leader-centric listening. International Journal of Business Communication, 1-27.
  • Cooper, R., & Sawaf, A. (1998). Executive Eq. Penguin.
  • Cottingham, M. D. (2013). Men who care: How organizations and individuals negotiate masculinity, emotional capital, and emotion practice in nursing. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, University of Akron.
  • Çoruk. A. (2012). Yönetim süreçleri açısından yöneticilerin duygu yönetimi davranışları. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çanakkale.
  • Diefendorff, J. M., Croyle, M. H., & Gosserand, R. H. (2005). The dimensionality and antecedents of emotional labor strategies. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(2), 339-357.
  • Gardner, M. P. (1985). Mood states and consumer behavior: A critical review. Journal of Consumer research, 12(3), 281-300.
  • Gençöz, T. (2000). Positive and Negative Affect Schedule: A study of validity and reliability. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi.
  • Gendron, B. (2002). Management, compétences et qualité en éducation: innovations pédagogiques en formation professionnelle, le cas des baccalauréats professionnels en France. International Conference, ADMEE, University of Lausanne, September, Switzerland .
  • Gendron, B. (2004). Why emotional capital matters in education and in labour? Toward an optimal exploitation of human capital and knowledge management, in Les Cahiers de la Maison des Sciences Economiques, serie rouge, 113, Paris: Universite Pantheon-Sorbonne, 1-37.
  • Gendron, B., Kouremenou, E. S., & Rusu, C. (2016). Emotional capital development, positive psychology and mindful teaching: Which Links? International Journal Of Emotional Education, 8(1), 63-74.
  • Gendron, B. (2017). Emotional capital: The set of emotional competencies as professional and vocational skills in emotional works and jobs. Revista Española de Educación Comparada, (29), 44-61.
  • Gendron, B., Kouremenou, E. S. and Rusu, C. (2016). Emotional capital development, positive psychology and mindful teaching: Which Links? International Journal Of Emotional Education, 8(1), 63-74.
  • Goleman, D. (1998). Emotional ıntelligence. Why ıt can matter more than IQ. Learning, 24(6), 49-50.
  • Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart. Berkeley. CA: University of California Press. International Labour Organization (2001). Executive summary: The role of trade unions in promoting gender equality and protecting vulnerable workers: First report of the ILO-ICFTU survey. Retrieved March, 31, 2006.
  • Kacen, J. J. (1994). Moods and motivations: An investigation of negative moods, consumer behaviors, and the process of mood-management. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. USA: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
  • Kaya, A. (2005). “Din sosyolojisi bağlamında Fransız sosyolog Pierre Bourdieu-klasik sosyoloji ilişkisi”. Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Genel Sosyoloji ve Metodoloji Ana Bilim Dalı. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Langelier, C. A., Bilgin, M. ve Çecen, R. (2006). Duygu yönetimi: Beceri çalışma kitabı. Pegem A Yayıncılık.
  • Mikolajczak, M., Tran, V., Brotheridge, C. M., & Gross, J. J. (2009). Chapter 11 Using an emotion regulation framework to predict the outcomes of emotional labor. Research on Emotion in Organizations, 5, 245-273.
  • Naktiyok, A. (2006). E-liderlik: E-liderlik özelliklerinin incelenmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 19-40.
  • Newman, M., Purse, J., Smith, K., & Broderick, J. (2015). Assessing emotional intelligence in leaders and organisations: Reliability and validity of the emotional capital report (ECR). The Australasian Journal of Organisational Psychology, 8, 1-15.
  • Nowotny, H. (1981). Women in public life in Austria. Access To Power: Cross-National Studies of Women and Elites, 147-156.
  • Onay, M. (2011). Çalışanın Sahip Olduğu Duygusal Zekasının ve Duygusal Emeğinin, Görev Performansı ve Bağlamsal Performans Üzerindeki Etkisi. Ege Akademik Bakış, 11(4), 587.
  • Passons, W. R. (1975). Gestalt approaches in counseling. Holt Rinehart and Winston.
  • Reay, D. (2000). A Useful Extension of Bourdieu’s Conceptual Framework? Emotional capital as a way of understanding mothers’ involvement in their children’s education? The Sociological Review, 48(4), 568-585.
  • Schwarz, N. (1990). Feelings as information: Informational and motivational functions of affective states. In E. T. Higgins & R. M. Sorrentino (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior Vol. 2 içinde (p. 527–561), The Guilford Press.
  • Sosik, J. J., & Megerian, L. E. (1999). Understanding leader emotional intelligence and performance: The role of self-other agreement on transformational leadership perceptions. Group & Organization Management, 24(3), 367-390.
  • Strydom, L. (2004). Internal marketing in a service organization. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Johannesburg.
  • Thoits, P. A. (2004). Emotion norms, emotion work, and social order. Feelings and emotions: The Amsterdam symposium içinde (ss. 359–378). New York: Cambrige University Press.
  • Thomson, K., & Powell, L. (1999). Emotional capital: Putting soft issues on the boardroom agenda. Journal of Communication Management, 3(4), 401-408.
  • Wen, J., Huang, S. S., & Hou, P. (2019). Emotional intelligence, emotional labor, perceived organizational support, and job satisfaction: A moderated mediation model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 81, 120-130.
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of personality and social psychology, 54(6), 1063.
  • Wharton, A. S. (1999). The psychosocial consequences of emotional labor. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 561(1), 158-176.
  • Yin, H. B., Lee, J. C. K., & Zhang, Z. H. (2013). Exploring the relationship among teachers' emotional intelligence, emotional labor strategies and teaching satisfaction. Teaching and Teacher Education, 35, 137-145.
  • Zaccaro, S. J., & Bader, P. (2003). E-Leadership and the Challenges of Leading E-Teams: Minimizing the Bad and Maximizing the Good. Organizational Dynamics, 31(4), 377-387.
  • Zembylas, M. (2007). Emotional capital and education: Theoretical insights from Bourdieu, British Journal of Educational Studies, 55:4.

DUYGUSAL SERMAYENİN DUYGUSAL EMEK ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNDE POZİTİF DUYGU DURUMUNUN ARACILIK ROLÜ

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 11, 1 - 14, 30.12.2022

Gamze Ay Mazlum Çelik

Abstract

Duygusal sermaye bir kişinin doğuştan itibaren aile çevresinde, okulda, işte, sosyal yaşamda biriktirdiği kişisel, sosyal, profesyonel ve örgütsel gelişimi için yararlı olan kaynaklar olarak açıklanmaktadır. Performans artırmadaki etkisinden dolayı duygular, sermaye olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bireylerin sosyal ve duygusal yetkinliklerini ifade eden duygusal zekâ temelli duygusal sermaye, insan sermayesindeki gücün kullanılabilmesi için geliştirilmelidir. Duygular çalışanların iş hayatında iyi performans gösterebilmelerini sağlayabilecek bir faktör olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Duygusal emek kavramı ilk kez Hochschild (1983) tarafından; duyguların iş gereği açık bir şekilde diğer kişiler tarafından gözlenecek şekilde düzenlenmesi ve yönetilmesi olarak açıklanmıştır. Duygusal emek araştırmasının merkezi odağı, bireylerin istenen duygusal gösterileri nasıl elde ettikleridir. Duygusal sermayesi yüksek olan bireylerin kendi duygularını rahatlıkla belirtebilecekleri ve diğer bireylerin anlaşılmasında ve yönlendirilmesinde daha başarılı olabilecekleri düşünülmektedir. Duyguları anlamlandırma ve işin gerektirdiği yönde harekete geçirme yeteneği duygusal sermaye birikimiyle sağlanabilir. Çalışanlar zamanlarının büyük bir bölümünü iş alanlarında geçirmektedir. Gün içerisinde yaşanılan duygu durumları iş hayatının bir parçası olmaktadır. Araştırmalarda çalışanların hayattan aldıkları doyum ve keyif olarak açıklanan pozitif duygu durumları performanslarını etkileyebilir. Araştırma evrenini Gaziantep ilinde faaliyet gösteren belediyelerde çalışan kişiler oluşturmaktadır. Evrenin tamamına ulaşmanın zaman ve maliyet açısından zor olduğundan evreni temsil edebilecek bir örneklem seçilmiştir. Araştırma verilerini toplamak üzere Duygusal Sermaye, Duygusal Emek ve Pozitif Duygu ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama araçlarının geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri yapılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Duygusal sermaye alt boyutları ile duygusal emek alt boyutları arasında anlamlı ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan regresyon analizine göre; duygusal sermayenin duygusal emek üzerindeki etkisinde pozitif duygu durumunun aracılık etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Duygusal Sermaye Duygusal Emek Pozitif Duygu Durumu

References

  • Ashforth, B. E., & Humphrey, R. H. (1993). Emotional labor in service roles: The influence of identity. Academy of Management Review, 18(1), 88-115.
  • Ay, G. (2018). Duygusal sermayenin işten ayrılma niyeti ve özdeşleşme üzerine etkisinde psikolojik dayanıklılığın aracılık etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi.
  • Ay, G. & Çelik, M. (2022). Validity and Reliability Study of the Emotional Capital Scale. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 17(1), 71-91.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal Of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173.
  • Basım, H. N., & Beğenirbaş, M. (2012). Çalışma yaşamında duygusal emek: Bir ölçek uyarlama çalışması. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 19(1), 77-90.
  • Brotheridge, C. M., & Grandey, A. A. (2002). Emotional labor and burnout: Comparing two perspectives of “people work”. Journal of vocational behavior, 60(1), 17-39.
  • Cahill, S. E. (1999). Emotional capital and professional socialization: The case of mortuary science students (and me). Social Psychology Quarterly, 101-116.
  • Candea, D., & Candea, R. (2010). Emotional Capital for Building Sustainable Business Performance. In Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Intellectual Capital: ISCTE Lisbon University Institute Lisbon, Portugal: (p.180). Academic Conferences Limited.
  • Cardon, P. W., Huang, Y., & Power, G. (2019). Leadership communication on internal digital platforms, emotional capital, and corporate performance: The case for leader-centric listening. International Journal of Business Communication, 1-27.
  • Cooper, R., & Sawaf, A. (1998). Executive Eq. Penguin.
  • Cottingham, M. D. (2013). Men who care: How organizations and individuals negotiate masculinity, emotional capital, and emotion practice in nursing. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, University of Akron.
  • Çoruk. A. (2012). Yönetim süreçleri açısından yöneticilerin duygu yönetimi davranışları. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çanakkale.
  • Diefendorff, J. M., Croyle, M. H., & Gosserand, R. H. (2005). The dimensionality and antecedents of emotional labor strategies. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(2), 339-357.
  • Gardner, M. P. (1985). Mood states and consumer behavior: A critical review. Journal of Consumer research, 12(3), 281-300.
  • Gençöz, T. (2000). Positive and Negative Affect Schedule: A study of validity and reliability. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi.
  • Gendron, B. (2002). Management, compétences et qualité en éducation: innovations pédagogiques en formation professionnelle, le cas des baccalauréats professionnels en France. International Conference, ADMEE, University of Lausanne, September, Switzerland .
  • Gendron, B. (2004). Why emotional capital matters in education and in labour? Toward an optimal exploitation of human capital and knowledge management, in Les Cahiers de la Maison des Sciences Economiques, serie rouge, 113, Paris: Universite Pantheon-Sorbonne, 1-37.
  • Gendron, B., Kouremenou, E. S., & Rusu, C. (2016). Emotional capital development, positive psychology and mindful teaching: Which Links? International Journal Of Emotional Education, 8(1), 63-74.
  • Gendron, B. (2017). Emotional capital: The set of emotional competencies as professional and vocational skills in emotional works and jobs. Revista Española de Educación Comparada, (29), 44-61.
  • Gendron, B., Kouremenou, E. S. and Rusu, C. (2016). Emotional capital development, positive psychology and mindful teaching: Which Links? International Journal Of Emotional Education, 8(1), 63-74.
  • Goleman, D. (1998). Emotional ıntelligence. Why ıt can matter more than IQ. Learning, 24(6), 49-50.
  • Hochschild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart. Berkeley. CA: University of California Press. International Labour Organization (2001). Executive summary: The role of trade unions in promoting gender equality and protecting vulnerable workers: First report of the ILO-ICFTU survey. Retrieved March, 31, 2006.
  • Kacen, J. J. (1994). Moods and motivations: An investigation of negative moods, consumer behaviors, and the process of mood-management. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. USA: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
  • Kaya, A. (2005). “Din sosyolojisi bağlamında Fransız sosyolog Pierre Bourdieu-klasik sosyoloji ilişkisi”. Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Genel Sosyoloji ve Metodoloji Ana Bilim Dalı. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
  • Langelier, C. A., Bilgin, M. ve Çecen, R. (2006). Duygu yönetimi: Beceri çalışma kitabı. Pegem A Yayıncılık.
  • Mikolajczak, M., Tran, V., Brotheridge, C. M., & Gross, J. J. (2009). Chapter 11 Using an emotion regulation framework to predict the outcomes of emotional labor. Research on Emotion in Organizations, 5, 245-273.
  • Naktiyok, A. (2006). E-liderlik: E-liderlik özelliklerinin incelenmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 19-40.
  • Newman, M., Purse, J., Smith, K., & Broderick, J. (2015). Assessing emotional intelligence in leaders and organisations: Reliability and validity of the emotional capital report (ECR). The Australasian Journal of Organisational Psychology, 8, 1-15.
  • Nowotny, H. (1981). Women in public life in Austria. Access To Power: Cross-National Studies of Women and Elites, 147-156.
  • Onay, M. (2011). Çalışanın Sahip Olduğu Duygusal Zekasının ve Duygusal Emeğinin, Görev Performansı ve Bağlamsal Performans Üzerindeki Etkisi. Ege Akademik Bakış, 11(4), 587.
  • Passons, W. R. (1975). Gestalt approaches in counseling. Holt Rinehart and Winston.
  • Reay, D. (2000). A Useful Extension of Bourdieu’s Conceptual Framework? Emotional capital as a way of understanding mothers’ involvement in their children’s education? The Sociological Review, 48(4), 568-585.
  • Schwarz, N. (1990). Feelings as information: Informational and motivational functions of affective states. In E. T. Higgins & R. M. Sorrentino (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior Vol. 2 içinde (p. 527–561), The Guilford Press.
  • Sosik, J. J., & Megerian, L. E. (1999). Understanding leader emotional intelligence and performance: The role of self-other agreement on transformational leadership perceptions. Group & Organization Management, 24(3), 367-390.
  • Strydom, L. (2004). Internal marketing in a service organization. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Johannesburg.
  • Thoits, P. A. (2004). Emotion norms, emotion work, and social order. Feelings and emotions: The Amsterdam symposium içinde (ss. 359–378). New York: Cambrige University Press.
  • Thomson, K., & Powell, L. (1999). Emotional capital: Putting soft issues on the boardroom agenda. Journal of Communication Management, 3(4), 401-408.
  • Wen, J., Huang, S. S., & Hou, P. (2019). Emotional intelligence, emotional labor, perceived organizational support, and job satisfaction: A moderated mediation model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 81, 120-130.
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of personality and social psychology, 54(6), 1063.
  • Wharton, A. S. (1999). The psychosocial consequences of emotional labor. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 561(1), 158-176.
  • Yin, H. B., Lee, J. C. K., & Zhang, Z. H. (2013). Exploring the relationship among teachers' emotional intelligence, emotional labor strategies and teaching satisfaction. Teaching and Teacher Education, 35, 137-145.
  • Zaccaro, S. J., & Bader, P. (2003). E-Leadership and the Challenges of Leading E-Teams: Minimizing the Bad and Maximizing the Good. Organizational Dynamics, 31(4), 377-387.
  • Zembylas, M. (2007). Emotional capital and education: Theoretical insights from Bourdieu, British Journal of Educational Studies, 55:4.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gamze Ay 0000-0003-1299-8552

Mazlum Çelik 0000-0001-5021-3256

Publication Date December 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 6 Issue: 11

Cite

APA Ay, G., & Çelik, M. (2022). DUYGUSAL SERMAYENİN DUYGUSAL EMEK ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNDE POZİTİF DUYGU DURUMUNUN ARACILIK ROLÜ. EUropean Journal of Managerial Research (EUJMR), 6(11), 1-14.
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