Research Article
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Examination of the Relationship of Lonely and Religious Coping in Foreign University Students (Kilis Example)

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 64, 371 - 397, 15.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.15745/da.1280331

Abstract

In recent years, the number of foreign students studying at universities in Turkey has been increasing. Recent studies show that foreign students experience problems such as social exclusion and loneliness in city and university life. Loneliness is a concept that has a direct impact on psychosocial well-being. For this reason, it seems important to examine loneliness and religious coping skills in foreign students. The aim of this study is to reveal the loneliness and religious coping levels of foreign university students in terms of socio-demographic variables. Correlational research method, one of the quantitative research designs, was used in the research. The sample of the study consists of 139 students, 121 of whom are Syrian nationals and 18 Africans. On the other hand, this research is important in that it is conducted in Kilis, one of the provinces where the Syrian population is the most dense, and mostly with Syrian university students. As a result of the research, it was determined that the positive religious coping levels of university students under the age of 20 were higher than those of students over the age of 20. It was found out that the prolongation of the residence period in Turkey positively increased the religious coping levels of the students, and the family types of the students (parents together, separate, loss of parents, etc.) did not have an effect on the levels of religious coping and loneliness. On the other hand, it was showed that there was no significant relationship between the number of siblings and religious coping and loneliness in foreign students, and lastly, the religious coping levels of the engineering faculty students were higher than the students studying in other departments.

References

  • Ayten, A. (2012). Tanrı'ya Sığınmak Dini Başa Çıkma Üzerine Psiko-Sosyal Bir Araştırma. İstanbul: İz Yayınları.
  • Ayten, A., & Sağır, Z. (2014). Dindarlık, Dinî Başa Çıkma ve Depresyon İlişkisi: Suriyeli Sığınmacılar Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Marmara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 47, s. 5-18.
  • Baumeister, R., & Leary, M. (1995). The Need to Belong: Desire for Interpersonel Attacments as a Fundamental Human Motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), s. 497-529.
  • Beest, İ., & William , K. (2006). When Iclusion Costs and Ostracism Pays, Ostacism Still Hurts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(5), s. 918-928.
  • Brennan, T., & Nathan, A. (1979). Adolescent Loneliness: An Exploratory Study of Social and Psychological Pre-Dispositions and Theory. Behavioral Research Institute.
  • Burholt, V., Winter, B., Aartsen, M., Constantinou, C., Dahlberg, L., Feliciano, V., . . . Waldegrave, C. (2020). A Critical Review and Development of a Conceptual Model of Exclusion from Social Relations for Older People. European Journal of Ageing, 19, s. 3-19.
  • Dahlberg, L., McKee, K., Lennartsson, C., & Rehnberg, J. (2022). A Social Exclusion Perspective on Loneliness in Loneliness in Older Adults in the Nordic Countries. European Journal of Ageing, 19, s. 175-188.
  • Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and Promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, s. 745-774. Freud, S. (2011). Bir Yanılsamanın Geleceği. İstanbul: İdea Cep Kitapları.
  • Hawkley, L., Stepteo, A., Schumm, L., & Wroblewski, K. (2020). Comparing Loneliness in England and the United States, 2014–2016: Differential item Functioning and Risk Factor Prevalence and İmpact. Social Science & Medicine, 265, s. 1-10.
  • Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), s. 227-237.
  • Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer.
  • Lynch, J. (1977). The Broken Heart: The Medical Consequences of Loneliness . New York: Basic Books. Moustakas, C. (1961). Loneliness. New York: Prentice-Hall .
  • Murat, A., & Kızılgeçit, M. (2017). Dini Başa Çıkma ve Psikopatoloji İlişkisi (Rize Örneği). Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(11), s. 111-151.
  • Nezlek, J., Wesselmann, E., Wheeler, L., & Williams, K. (2012). Ostracism in Everyday Life. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 16(2), s. 91-104.
  • Pargament, K. (2002). God Help Me: Advances in the Psychology of Religion and Coping. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 24, s. 48-63.
  • Pargament, K., & Park, C. (1995). Merely a Defense? The Variety of Religious Means and Ends. Jounral of Sosial Issues, 51(2), s. 13-32.
  • Pargament, K., & Raiya, H. (2007). A Decade of Research on The Psychology of Religion and Coping: Things we assumed and lessons we learned. Psye & Logos, 28, s. 742-766.
  • Pargament, K., Ano, G., & Wachholtz, A. (2005). The Religious Dimension of Coping: Advances in Theory, Research, and Practice. R. Paloutzian, & C. Park içinde, Handbook of the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality (s. 479-495). New York: The Guildford Press.
  • Pargament, K., Koenig, H., & Perez, L. (2000). The Many Methods of Religious Coping: Development and Initial Validation of the RCOPE. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59(4), s. 519-543.
  • Pargament, K., Smith, B., Koenig, H., & Perez, L. (1998). Patterns of Positive and Negative Relgious Coping with Major Life Stressors. Jorunal for the Scientfic Study of Religion, 4, s. 710-724.
  • Peplau, L., & Perlman, D. (1979). Perspectives on Loneliness. L. Peplau, D. Russel , & M. Heim içinde, New Approaches to Social Problems: Applications of Attrubution Theory (s. 53-78). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Perlman, D., & Peplau, L. (1981). Toward a Social Psychology of Loneliness. S. Duck, & R. Gilmour içinde, Personal Relationships in Disorder. (s. 31-56). London: Academic Press.
  • Reichmann, F. (1959). Loneliness. Psychiatry İnterpersonal and Biological Processes, 22(1).
  • Rokach, A., & Chin, J. (2012). Religiosity and Coping with Loneliness. Psychological Reports, 110(3), s. 731-742.
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L., & Ferguson, M. (1978). Developing a Measure of Loneliness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 42(3), s. 290-294.
  • Seligman, M. (1975). Helplessness: On Depression, Development, and Death. San Frencisco: CA: Freeman&Co.
  • Soloman, S., Greenberg, J., & Pyszczynski, T. (1991). A Terror Management Theory of Self-Esteem and its Role in Social Behavior. M. Zanna içinde, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. New York: Academic Press.
  • Steele, C. (1988). The Psychology of Self-Affirmation: Sustaining the İntergrity of the Self. C. Berkowitz içinde, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. New York: Academic Press.
  • Turan, Y. (2018). Yalnızlıkla Başa Çıkma: Yalnızlık, Dini Başa Çıkma, Dindarlık, Hayat Memnuniyeti ve Sosyal Medya Kullanım. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi, 22(1), s. 395-434.
  • Twenge, J., Baumeister, R., Ciarocco, N., & Bartels, J. (2007). Social Exclusion Decreases Prosocial Behavior. Journal of Personality and Sosical Psychology, 92(1), s. 55-66.
  • Twenge, J., Baumeister, R., DeWall, C., Ciarocco, N., & Bartels, J. (2007). Social Exclusion Decreases Prosocial Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(1), s. 56-66.
  • Twenge, J., Baumeister, R., Tice, D., & Stucke, T. (2001). If You Can't Them, Beat Them: Effects of Social Exclusion on Aggressive Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(6), s. 1058-1069.
  • Warburton, W., Williams, K., & Cairns, D. (2006). When Ostracism Leads to Aggression: The Moderating Effects of Control Deprivation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42, s. 2013-220.
  • Weiss, R. (1973). Loneliness: The experience of Emotional and Social İsolation. Cambridge: The MIT Press. Williams, K. (1997). Social Ostracism. R. Kowalski içinde, Aversive İnterpersonal Behaviors (s. 133-170). New York: Plenum.
  • Williams, K. (2001). Ostracism: The Power of Silence. New York: Guildford.
  • Williams, K. (2007). Ostracism. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, s. 425-452.
  • Williams, K. (2007b). Ostracism: The Kiss of Social Death. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1(1), s. 236-247.
  • Williams, K., & Zadro, L. (2001). Ostracism: On Being İgnored, Excluded and Rejected. M. Leary içinde, Interpersonal Rejection (s. 21-53). New York: Oxford Universtiy Press.
  • Yaşar, M. (2007). Yalnızlık. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(1), s. 237-260.
  • Yıldırım, Y., & Kocabıyık, S. (2010). The Relationship Betvween Social Support and Loneliness in Turkish Patients With Cancer. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19, s. 832-839.
  • Zadro, L., Williams, K., & Richardson, R. (2005). Riding the 'O' Train: Comparing the Effects of Ostracism and Verbal Dispute on Targets and Sources. Group Processes& Intergroup Relations, 8(2), s. 125-143.

Yabancı Uyruklu Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Yalnızlık ve Dini Başa Çıkma İlişkisinin İncelenmesi (Kilis Örneği)”.

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 64, 371 - 397, 15.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.15745/da.1280331

Abstract

Son yıllarda Türkiye’deki üniversitelerde öğrenim görmekte olan yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin sayısı artmaktadır. Yapılan son araştırmalar, yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin şehir ve üniversite yaşamında sosyal dışlanma ve yalnızlık gibi sosyal sorunlar yaşadıklarını göstermektedir. Yalnızlık, psikososyal iyilik hâli üzerinde doğrudan etkili bir kavramdır. Bu nedenle yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerde yalnızlık ve dinî başa çıkma becerilerinin incelenmesinin önemli olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, yabancı uyruklu üniversite öğrencilerinin yalnızlık ve dinî başa çıkma düzeylerinin sosyo-demografik değişkenler bakımından ortaya konulmasıdır. Araştırmada, nicel araştırma desenlerinden korelasyonel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi ise 121 Suriye uyruklu 18 Afrika kökenli toplam 139 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda, 20 yaş altı üniversite öğrencilerinin pozitif dinî başa çıkma düzeylerinin 20 yaş üzerindeki öğrencilerden yüksek düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Türkiye’de ikamet süresinin uzamasının öğrencilerin pozitif yönde dinî başa çıkma düzeylerini artırdığı ayrıca öğrencilerin aile tiplerinin (anne-baba birlikte, parçalanmış, ebeveyn kaybı vb.) dinî başa çıkma ve yalnızlık düzeyleri üzerinde etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Öte yandan yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerde kardeş sayısı ile dinî başa çıkma ve yalnızlık arasında, gelir durumları ile dinî başa çıkma ve yalnızlık arasında anlamlı ilişki olmadığı, Suriye kökenli üniversite öğrencilerinin pozitif başa çıkma düzeylerinin, diğer uyruktan gelen öğrencilere göre daha düşük olduğu son olarak mühendislik fakültesi öğrencilerinin dinî başa çıkma düzeylerinin, diğer birimlerde öğrenim gören öğrencilerden yüksek düzeyde olduğu saptanmıştır.

References

  • Ayten, A. (2012). Tanrı'ya Sığınmak Dini Başa Çıkma Üzerine Psiko-Sosyal Bir Araştırma. İstanbul: İz Yayınları.
  • Ayten, A., & Sağır, Z. (2014). Dindarlık, Dinî Başa Çıkma ve Depresyon İlişkisi: Suriyeli Sığınmacılar Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Marmara Üniversitesi İlâhiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 47, s. 5-18.
  • Baumeister, R., & Leary, M. (1995). The Need to Belong: Desire for Interpersonel Attacments as a Fundamental Human Motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), s. 497-529.
  • Beest, İ., & William , K. (2006). When Iclusion Costs and Ostracism Pays, Ostacism Still Hurts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(5), s. 918-928.
  • Brennan, T., & Nathan, A. (1979). Adolescent Loneliness: An Exploratory Study of Social and Psychological Pre-Dispositions and Theory. Behavioral Research Institute.
  • Burholt, V., Winter, B., Aartsen, M., Constantinou, C., Dahlberg, L., Feliciano, V., . . . Waldegrave, C. (2020). A Critical Review and Development of a Conceptual Model of Exclusion from Social Relations for Older People. European Journal of Ageing, 19, s. 3-19.
  • Dahlberg, L., McKee, K., Lennartsson, C., & Rehnberg, J. (2022). A Social Exclusion Perspective on Loneliness in Loneliness in Older Adults in the Nordic Countries. European Journal of Ageing, 19, s. 175-188.
  • Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, T. (2004). Coping: Pitfalls and Promise. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, s. 745-774. Freud, S. (2011). Bir Yanılsamanın Geleceği. İstanbul: İdea Cep Kitapları.
  • Hawkley, L., Stepteo, A., Schumm, L., & Wroblewski, K. (2020). Comparing Loneliness in England and the United States, 2014–2016: Differential item Functioning and Risk Factor Prevalence and İmpact. Social Science & Medicine, 265, s. 1-10.
  • Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), s. 227-237.
  • Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer.
  • Lynch, J. (1977). The Broken Heart: The Medical Consequences of Loneliness . New York: Basic Books. Moustakas, C. (1961). Loneliness. New York: Prentice-Hall .
  • Murat, A., & Kızılgeçit, M. (2017). Dini Başa Çıkma ve Psikopatoloji İlişkisi (Rize Örneği). Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(11), s. 111-151.
  • Nezlek, J., Wesselmann, E., Wheeler, L., & Williams, K. (2012). Ostracism in Everyday Life. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 16(2), s. 91-104.
  • Pargament, K. (2002). God Help Me: Advances in the Psychology of Religion and Coping. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 24, s. 48-63.
  • Pargament, K., & Park, C. (1995). Merely a Defense? The Variety of Religious Means and Ends. Jounral of Sosial Issues, 51(2), s. 13-32.
  • Pargament, K., & Raiya, H. (2007). A Decade of Research on The Psychology of Religion and Coping: Things we assumed and lessons we learned. Psye & Logos, 28, s. 742-766.
  • Pargament, K., Ano, G., & Wachholtz, A. (2005). The Religious Dimension of Coping: Advances in Theory, Research, and Practice. R. Paloutzian, & C. Park içinde, Handbook of the Psychology of Religion and Spirituality (s. 479-495). New York: The Guildford Press.
  • Pargament, K., Koenig, H., & Perez, L. (2000). The Many Methods of Religious Coping: Development and Initial Validation of the RCOPE. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59(4), s. 519-543.
  • Pargament, K., Smith, B., Koenig, H., & Perez, L. (1998). Patterns of Positive and Negative Relgious Coping with Major Life Stressors. Jorunal for the Scientfic Study of Religion, 4, s. 710-724.
  • Peplau, L., & Perlman, D. (1979). Perspectives on Loneliness. L. Peplau, D. Russel , & M. Heim içinde, New Approaches to Social Problems: Applications of Attrubution Theory (s. 53-78). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Perlman, D., & Peplau, L. (1981). Toward a Social Psychology of Loneliness. S. Duck, & R. Gilmour içinde, Personal Relationships in Disorder. (s. 31-56). London: Academic Press.
  • Reichmann, F. (1959). Loneliness. Psychiatry İnterpersonal and Biological Processes, 22(1).
  • Rokach, A., & Chin, J. (2012). Religiosity and Coping with Loneliness. Psychological Reports, 110(3), s. 731-742.
  • Russell, D., Peplau, L., & Ferguson, M. (1978). Developing a Measure of Loneliness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 42(3), s. 290-294.
  • Seligman, M. (1975). Helplessness: On Depression, Development, and Death. San Frencisco: CA: Freeman&Co.
  • Soloman, S., Greenberg, J., & Pyszczynski, T. (1991). A Terror Management Theory of Self-Esteem and its Role in Social Behavior. M. Zanna içinde, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. New York: Academic Press.
  • Steele, C. (1988). The Psychology of Self-Affirmation: Sustaining the İntergrity of the Self. C. Berkowitz içinde, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. New York: Academic Press.
  • Turan, Y. (2018). Yalnızlıkla Başa Çıkma: Yalnızlık, Dini Başa Çıkma, Dindarlık, Hayat Memnuniyeti ve Sosyal Medya Kullanım. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi, 22(1), s. 395-434.
  • Twenge, J., Baumeister, R., Ciarocco, N., & Bartels, J. (2007). Social Exclusion Decreases Prosocial Behavior. Journal of Personality and Sosical Psychology, 92(1), s. 55-66.
  • Twenge, J., Baumeister, R., DeWall, C., Ciarocco, N., & Bartels, J. (2007). Social Exclusion Decreases Prosocial Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(1), s. 56-66.
  • Twenge, J., Baumeister, R., Tice, D., & Stucke, T. (2001). If You Can't Them, Beat Them: Effects of Social Exclusion on Aggressive Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(6), s. 1058-1069.
  • Warburton, W., Williams, K., & Cairns, D. (2006). When Ostracism Leads to Aggression: The Moderating Effects of Control Deprivation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42, s. 2013-220.
  • Weiss, R. (1973). Loneliness: The experience of Emotional and Social İsolation. Cambridge: The MIT Press. Williams, K. (1997). Social Ostracism. R. Kowalski içinde, Aversive İnterpersonal Behaviors (s. 133-170). New York: Plenum.
  • Williams, K. (2001). Ostracism: The Power of Silence. New York: Guildford.
  • Williams, K. (2007). Ostracism. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, s. 425-452.
  • Williams, K. (2007b). Ostracism: The Kiss of Social Death. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1(1), s. 236-247.
  • Williams, K., & Zadro, L. (2001). Ostracism: On Being İgnored, Excluded and Rejected. M. Leary içinde, Interpersonal Rejection (s. 21-53). New York: Oxford Universtiy Press.
  • Yaşar, M. (2007). Yalnızlık. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(1), s. 237-260.
  • Yıldırım, Y., & Kocabıyık, S. (2010). The Relationship Betvween Social Support and Loneliness in Turkish Patients With Cancer. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19, s. 832-839.
  • Zadro, L., Williams, K., & Richardson, R. (2005). Riding the 'O' Train: Comparing the Effects of Ostracism and Verbal Dispute on Targets and Sources. Group Processes& Intergroup Relations, 8(2), s. 125-143.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Muharrem Aka 0000-0002-3195-8946

Metin Gani Tapan 0000-0002-3595-140X

Aykut Can Demirel 0000-0001-6388-7313

Publication Date June 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 26 Issue: 64

Cite

ISNAD Aka, Muharrem et al. “Yabancı Uyruklu Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Yalnızlık Ve Dini Başa Çıkma İlişkisinin İncelenmesi (Kilis Örneği)””. Dini Araştırmalar 26/64 (June 2023), 371-397. https://doi.org/10.15745/da.1280331.