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Effect of Reduction Temperature and Time on The Reduction of Graphene Oxide with White Cabbage Extract

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 1314 - 1323, 31.12.2021

Nurşah Kütük Sevil Cetınkaya Gürer

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.930796
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Grafen, geniş yüzey alanı, mekanik dayanımı, ısıl, elektriksel ve manyetik özellikleri nedeniyle son yıllarda dikkatleri üzerine çeken önemli bir malzemedir. Bu çalışmada grafen oksitin (GO) yeşil sentezle indirgenmesi ile indirgenmiş grafen oksit (RGO) elde edilmiştir. Bu amaçla, GO'yu indirgemek için daha önce kullanılmamış beyaz lahana sulu özütü seçildi. Özütteki indirgeyici ajan olan toplam fenolik asitler Folin-Cioceltau yöntemine göre belirlendi. 1 mL beyaz lahana özütünde 0.064 gram polifenol olduğu tespit edildi. İndirgeme deney koşullarını belirlemek için 25, 50 ve 100 ⁰C indirgeme sıcaklığı ve 1, 2, 4 ve 6 saatlik indirgeme sürelerinde çalışılmıştır. Sentezlenen RGO'ların yapısal karakterizasyonu XRD, FTIR ve SEM teknikleri ile yapıldı.

Keywords

İndirgenmiş grafen oksit yeşil sentez beyaz lahana polifenol

Supporting Institution

Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Proje Servisi (CÜBAP)

Project Number

M-702

References

  • [1] Gebreegziabher, G.G., Asemahegne, A.S., Ayele, D.W., Dhakshnamoorthy, M. 2019. One-step synthesis and characterization of reduced graphene oxide using chemical exfoliation method. Materials Today Chemistry, 12: 233–239.
  • [2] Hosseinzadeh, A., Bidmeshkipour, S., Abdi, Y., Arzi, E., Mohajerzadeh, S. 2018. Graphene based strain sensors: A comparative study on graphene and its derivatives. Applied Surface Science, 448: 71–77.
  • [3] Gurunathan, S., Han, J.W., Park, J.H., Eppakayala, V., Kim, J.H. 2014. Ginkgo biloba: A natural reducing agent for the synthesis of cytocompatible graphene. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 9(1): 363–377.
  • [4] Wang, J., Salihi, E.C., Šiller, L. 2017. Green reduction of graphene oxide using alanine. Materials Science and Engineering C, 72: 1–6.
  • [5] Narayanan, D.P., Gopalakrishnan, A., Yaakob, Z., Sugunan, S., Narayanan, B.N. 2020. A facile synthesis of clay – graphene oxide nanocomposite catalysts for solvent free multicomponent Biginelli reaction. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13(1): 318–334.
  • [6] Park, Y.H., Park, S.Y., In, I. 2015. Direct noncovalent conjugation of folic acid on reduced graphene oxide as anticancer drug carrier. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 30: 190–196.
  • [7] Smith, A.T., LaChance, A.M., Zeng, S., Liu, B., Sun, L. 2019. Synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide and their nanocomposites. Nano Materials Science, 1: 31–47.
  • [8] Charmi, J., Nosrati, H., Mostafavi Amjad, J., Mohammadkhani, R., Danafar, H. 2019. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) decorated graphene oxide nanosheets for controlled release curcumin delivery. Heliyon, 5(4): e01466.
  • [9] Ismail, Z. 2019. Green reduction of graphene oxide by plant extracts : A short review. Ceramics International, 45(18): 23857-23868.
  • [10] Xu, C., Yuan, R.S., Wang, X. 2014. Selective reduction of graphene oxide. New Carbon Materials, 29(1): 61–66.
  • [11] Romero, A., Lavin-Lopez, M.P., Sanchez-Silva, L., Valverde, J.L., Paton-Carrero, A. 2018. Comparative study of different scalable routes to synthesize graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 203: 284–292.
  • [12] McCoy, T.M., Turpin, G., Teo, B.M., Tabor, R.F. 2019. Graphene oxide: a surfactant or particle?. Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science, 39: 98–109.
  • [13] Bhunia, P., Kumar, M., De, S. 2019. Rapid and efficient removal of ionic impurities from graphene oxide through hollow fiber diafiltration. Separation and Purification Technology, 209: 103–111.
  • [14] Jaafar, E., Kashif, M., Sahari, S.K., Ngaini, Z. 2019. Effects of reduction temperatures on morphological, optical, and electrical properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin films. Materials Today: Proceedings, 16: 1702–1707.
  • [15] Barra, A., Ferreira, N.M., Martins, M.A., Lazar, O., Pantazi, A., Jderu, A.A., et al., 2019. Eco-friendly preparation of electrically conductive chitosan - reduced graphene oxide flexible bionanocomposites for food packaging and biological applications. Composites Science and Technology, 173: 53–60.
  • [16] Esfandiar, A., Akhavan, O., Irajizad, A. 2011. Melatonin as a powerful bio-antioxidant for reduction of graphene oxide. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21(29): 10907–10914.
  • [17] Hou, D., Liu, Q., Cheng, H., Li, K., Wang, D., Zhang, H. 2016. Chrysanthemum extract assisted green reduction of graphene oxide. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 183: 76–82. [18] Hou, D., Liu, Q., Cheng, H., Zhang, H., Wang, S. 2017. Green reduction of graphene oxide via Lycium barbarum extract. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 246: 351–6.
  • [19] Çetınkaya Gürer, S., Kütük, N. 2019. Green Reduction of Graphene Oxide By Using Kombucha Tea. Eskişehir Technical University Journal of Science and Technology A - Applied Sciences and Engineering, 20: 24-29.
  • [20] Abdolahad, M., Janmaleki, M., Mohajerzadeh, S., Akhavan, O., Abbasi, S. 2013. Polyphenols attached graphene nanosheets for high efficiency NIR mediated photodestruction of cancer cells. Materials Science & Engineering C, 33(3): 1498–1505.
  • [21] Suresh, D., Kumar, M.A.P., Nagabhushana, H., Sharma, S.C. 2015. Cinnamon supported facile green reduction of graphene oxide, its dye elimination and antioxidant activities. Materials Letters, 151: 93–95.
  • [22] Pavlovic, I. 2017. White cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba ): botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview. Phytochemistry Reviews, 16: 117–135.
  • [23] Singh, J., Upadhyay, A.K., Bahadur, A., Singh, B., Singh, K.P., Rai, M. 2006. Antioxidant phytochemicals in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L . var. capitata ). Scientia Horticulturae, 108: 233–237.
  • [24] Sadhukhan, S., Kumar, T., Roy, I., Rana, D., Bhattacharyya, A., Saha, R., Chattopadhyay, S., Khatua, S., Acharya, K., Chattopadhyay, D. 2019. Green synthesis of cadmium oxide decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites and its electrical and antibacterial properties. Materials Science & Engineering C, 99: 696–709.
  • [25] Tiyek, İ., Dönmez, U., Yıldırım, B., Alma, M.H., Ersoy, M.S., Karataş, Ş., et al., 2016. Kimyasal yöntem ile indirgenmiş grafen oksit sentezi ve karakterizasyonu. SAÜ Fen Bil Der, 20(2): 349–57.
  • [26] Andrijanto, E., Shoelarta, S., Subiyanto, G., Rifki, S. 2016. Facile synthesis of graphene from graphite using ascorbic acid as reducing agent. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1725, April, 020003
  • [27] Kassaee, M.Z., Motamedi, E., Majdi, M. 2011. Magnetic Fe3O4 -graphene oxide / polystyrene : Fabrication and characterization of a promising nanocomposite. Chemical Engineering Journal, 172(1): 540–549.
  • [28] Sreeja, V.G., Vinitha, G., Reshmi, R., Anila, E.I., Jayaraj, M.K. 2017. Effect of reduction time on third order optical nonlinearity of reduced graphene oxide. Optical Materials, 66: 460–468.
  • [29] Chong, S.W., Lai, C.W., Abdul Hamid, S.B. 2015. Green preparation of reduced graphene oxide using a natural reducing agent. Ceramics International, 41(8): 9505–9513.
  • [30] Wang, X., Hu, Y., Min, J., Li, S., Deng, X., Yuan, S., Zuo, X. 2018. Adsorption characteristics of phenolic compounds on graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide: A batch experiment combined theory calculation. Applied Sciences, 8(10): 1–13.

Effect of Reduction Temperature and Time on The Reduction of Graphene Oxide with White Cabbage Extract

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 1314 - 1323, 31.12.2021

Nurşah Kütük Sevil Cetınkaya Gürer

https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.930796
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Graphene is an important material that has attracted attention in recent years due to its large surface area, mechanical strength, thermal, electrical and magnetic properties. In this work, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was obtained by reducing the graphene oxide (GO) with green synthesis. For this purpose, white cabbage aqueous extract was selected to reduce GO. The total phenolic acids, which are the reducing agent in the extract, were determined according to the Folin-Cioceltau method. It was determined that there is 0.064 grams of polyphenols in 1 mL of white cabbage extract. In order to determine the reduction experimental conditions, a reduction temperature of 25, 50 and 100 ⁰C and 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours of reduction time were studied. Structural characterization of synthesized RGOs was performed with XRD, FTIR and SEM techniques. The results showed that GO was reduced at a reduction reaction temperature of 100 °C and a reduction reaction time of 6 hours. The peak seen at 22.08⁰ in the XRD data is evidence of reduction of GO.

Keywords

Reduced graphene oxide Green synthesis White cabbage Polyphenol

Project Number

M-702

References

  • [1] Gebreegziabher, G.G., Asemahegne, A.S., Ayele, D.W., Dhakshnamoorthy, M. 2019. One-step synthesis and characterization of reduced graphene oxide using chemical exfoliation method. Materials Today Chemistry, 12: 233–239.
  • [2] Hosseinzadeh, A., Bidmeshkipour, S., Abdi, Y., Arzi, E., Mohajerzadeh, S. 2018. Graphene based strain sensors: A comparative study on graphene and its derivatives. Applied Surface Science, 448: 71–77.
  • [3] Gurunathan, S., Han, J.W., Park, J.H., Eppakayala, V., Kim, J.H. 2014. Ginkgo biloba: A natural reducing agent for the synthesis of cytocompatible graphene. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 9(1): 363–377.
  • [4] Wang, J., Salihi, E.C., Šiller, L. 2017. Green reduction of graphene oxide using alanine. Materials Science and Engineering C, 72: 1–6.
  • [5] Narayanan, D.P., Gopalakrishnan, A., Yaakob, Z., Sugunan, S., Narayanan, B.N. 2020. A facile synthesis of clay – graphene oxide nanocomposite catalysts for solvent free multicomponent Biginelli reaction. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13(1): 318–334.
  • [6] Park, Y.H., Park, S.Y., In, I. 2015. Direct noncovalent conjugation of folic acid on reduced graphene oxide as anticancer drug carrier. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 30: 190–196.
  • [7] Smith, A.T., LaChance, A.M., Zeng, S., Liu, B., Sun, L. 2019. Synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide and their nanocomposites. Nano Materials Science, 1: 31–47.
  • [8] Charmi, J., Nosrati, H., Mostafavi Amjad, J., Mohammadkhani, R., Danafar, H. 2019. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) decorated graphene oxide nanosheets for controlled release curcumin delivery. Heliyon, 5(4): e01466.
  • [9] Ismail, Z. 2019. Green reduction of graphene oxide by plant extracts : A short review. Ceramics International, 45(18): 23857-23868.
  • [10] Xu, C., Yuan, R.S., Wang, X. 2014. Selective reduction of graphene oxide. New Carbon Materials, 29(1): 61–66.
  • [11] Romero, A., Lavin-Lopez, M.P., Sanchez-Silva, L., Valverde, J.L., Paton-Carrero, A. 2018. Comparative study of different scalable routes to synthesize graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 203: 284–292.
  • [12] McCoy, T.M., Turpin, G., Teo, B.M., Tabor, R.F. 2019. Graphene oxide: a surfactant or particle?. Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science, 39: 98–109.
  • [13] Bhunia, P., Kumar, M., De, S. 2019. Rapid and efficient removal of ionic impurities from graphene oxide through hollow fiber diafiltration. Separation and Purification Technology, 209: 103–111.
  • [14] Jaafar, E., Kashif, M., Sahari, S.K., Ngaini, Z. 2019. Effects of reduction temperatures on morphological, optical, and electrical properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin films. Materials Today: Proceedings, 16: 1702–1707.
  • [15] Barra, A., Ferreira, N.M., Martins, M.A., Lazar, O., Pantazi, A., Jderu, A.A., et al., 2019. Eco-friendly preparation of electrically conductive chitosan - reduced graphene oxide flexible bionanocomposites for food packaging and biological applications. Composites Science and Technology, 173: 53–60.
  • [16] Esfandiar, A., Akhavan, O., Irajizad, A. 2011. Melatonin as a powerful bio-antioxidant for reduction of graphene oxide. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21(29): 10907–10914.
  • [17] Hou, D., Liu, Q., Cheng, H., Li, K., Wang, D., Zhang, H. 2016. Chrysanthemum extract assisted green reduction of graphene oxide. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 183: 76–82. [18] Hou, D., Liu, Q., Cheng, H., Zhang, H., Wang, S. 2017. Green reduction of graphene oxide via Lycium barbarum extract. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 246: 351–6.
  • [19] Çetınkaya Gürer, S., Kütük, N. 2019. Green Reduction of Graphene Oxide By Using Kombucha Tea. Eskişehir Technical University Journal of Science and Technology A - Applied Sciences and Engineering, 20: 24-29.
  • [20] Abdolahad, M., Janmaleki, M., Mohajerzadeh, S., Akhavan, O., Abbasi, S. 2013. Polyphenols attached graphene nanosheets for high efficiency NIR mediated photodestruction of cancer cells. Materials Science & Engineering C, 33(3): 1498–1505.
  • [21] Suresh, D., Kumar, M.A.P., Nagabhushana, H., Sharma, S.C. 2015. Cinnamon supported facile green reduction of graphene oxide, its dye elimination and antioxidant activities. Materials Letters, 151: 93–95.
  • [22] Pavlovic, I. 2017. White cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba ): botanical, phytochemical and pharmacological overview. Phytochemistry Reviews, 16: 117–135.
  • [23] Singh, J., Upadhyay, A.K., Bahadur, A., Singh, B., Singh, K.P., Rai, M. 2006. Antioxidant phytochemicals in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L . var. capitata ). Scientia Horticulturae, 108: 233–237.
  • [24] Sadhukhan, S., Kumar, T., Roy, I., Rana, D., Bhattacharyya, A., Saha, R., Chattopadhyay, S., Khatua, S., Acharya, K., Chattopadhyay, D. 2019. Green synthesis of cadmium oxide decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites and its electrical and antibacterial properties. Materials Science & Engineering C, 99: 696–709.
  • [25] Tiyek, İ., Dönmez, U., Yıldırım, B., Alma, M.H., Ersoy, M.S., Karataş, Ş., et al., 2016. Kimyasal yöntem ile indirgenmiş grafen oksit sentezi ve karakterizasyonu. SAÜ Fen Bil Der, 20(2): 349–57.
  • [26] Andrijanto, E., Shoelarta, S., Subiyanto, G., Rifki, S. 2016. Facile synthesis of graphene from graphite using ascorbic acid as reducing agent. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1725, April, 020003
  • [27] Kassaee, M.Z., Motamedi, E., Majdi, M. 2011. Magnetic Fe3O4 -graphene oxide / polystyrene : Fabrication and characterization of a promising nanocomposite. Chemical Engineering Journal, 172(1): 540–549.
  • [28] Sreeja, V.G., Vinitha, G., Reshmi, R., Anila, E.I., Jayaraj, M.K. 2017. Effect of reduction time on third order optical nonlinearity of reduced graphene oxide. Optical Materials, 66: 460–468.
  • [29] Chong, S.W., Lai, C.W., Abdul Hamid, S.B. 2015. Green preparation of reduced graphene oxide using a natural reducing agent. Ceramics International, 41(8): 9505–9513.
  • [30] Wang, X., Hu, Y., Min, J., Li, S., Deng, X., Yuan, S., Zuo, X. 2018. Adsorption characteristics of phenolic compounds on graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide: A batch experiment combined theory calculation. Applied Sciences, 8(10): 1–13.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Nurşah Kütük 0000-0001-5799-3865

Sevil Cetınkaya Gürer 0000-0001-5421-0474

Project Number M-702
Publication Date December 31, 2021
Submission Date May 1, 2021
Acceptance Date August 20, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 10 Issue: 4

Cite

IEEE N. Kütük and S. Cetınkaya Gürer, “Effect of Reduction Temperature and Time on The Reduction of Graphene Oxide with White Cabbage Extract”, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1314–1323, 2021, doi: 10.17798/bitlisfen.930796.

Cited By

Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes using reduced graphene oxide (rGO)
Scientific Reports
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53626-8
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Bitlis Eren University
Journal of Science Editor
Bitlis Eren University Graduate Institute
Bes Minare Mah. Ahmet Eren Bulvari, Merkez Kampus, 13000 BITLIS