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Proposal of a Two-Stage Model For Measuring The Port Efficiency And An Implication On Turkish Ports

Year 2015, Volume 3, Issue 2, 2015, 99 - 106, 30.12.2015
https://doi.org/10.17093/aj.2015.3.2.5000142149

Abstract

In the port operating process, it is aimed to use various infrastructure and superstructure inputs for freight handling and serving ships and intended to generate revenue from handled freights and served ships. Therefore, two sequential stages appear in the port operating process. In this process, the outputs from the first stage are the inputs to the second stage. Port managers would aim to maximize the freight handled and the number of served ships with using the existing resources in the first stage and then, maximize the revenue from handled freights and served ships in the second stage. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) which is the most widely used technique to estimate port efficiency was designed for the single stage processes and it is inadequate in two-stage operations. In order to overcome this limitation, some DEA based two-stage techniques were developed and used. In this study, a two-stage DEA model was proposed for measuring the port efficiency and applied to a number of Turkish ports. Results show that two-stage DEA approach provides more proper results than those in single stage DEA when there are sequential stages. It is expected that the proposed two-stage DEA model may contribute both literature and practice.

References

  • Ateş, A. ve Esmer, S. (2014). “Farklı Yöntemler ile Türk Konteyner Limanlarının Verimliliği”. Verimlilik Dergisi, 2014/1: 61-76.
  • Ateş, A., Esmer, S., Çakır, E. ve Balcı, K. (2013), “Karadeniz Konteyner Terminallerinin Göreceli Etkinlik Analizi”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi. 5(1): 1-22.
  • Banker, R.D., Charnes, A. ve Cooper, W.W. (1984). “Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis”. Management Science. 30(9): 1078-1092
  • Barros, C.P. (2006). “A Benchmark Analysis of Italian Seaports Using Data Envelopment Analysis”. Maritime Economics & Logistics. 8: 347–365.
  • Barros, C.P. and Athanassiou, M. (2004). “Efficiency in European Seaports with DEA: Evidence from Greece and Portugal”. Maritime Economics & Logistics. 6: 122–140.
  • Bayar, S. (2005). “Veri Zarflama Analizi Kullanılarak Liman Verimliliğinin Ölçülmesi: Türk Limanlarından Bir Örnek”. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Deniz Ulaştırma İşletme Mühendisliği, İstanbul.
  • Baysal, M.E., Uygur, M. ve Toklu, B (2004). “Veri Zarflama Analizi ile TCDD Limanlarında Bir Etkinlik Ölçümü Çalışması”. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. 19(4): 437-442.
  • Bircan, K. (2014). Kruvaziyer Yolcu Taşımacılığı Kapsamında Kruvaziyer Limanların Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi: Alternatif Liman Önerisi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Aydın.
  • Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W. ve Rhodes, E. (1978). “Measuring Efficiency of Decision Making Units”, European Journal of Operational Research. 2, 429-444.
  • Chen, Y., Cook, W.D., Li, N. ve Zhu, J. (2009). “Additive efficiency decomposition in two-stage DEA”, European Journal of Operational Research. 196, 1170-1176.
  • Chen, Y ve Zhu, J. (2004). “Measuring Information Technology’s Indirect Impact on Firm Performance”. Information Technology and Management. 5, 9–22.
  • Cheon, SH, Dowall, D.E. ve Song, D.W. (2010). “Evaluating Impacts of Institutional Reforms on Port Efficiency Changes: Ownership, Corporate Structure, and Total Factor Productivity Changes of World Container Ports”. Transportation Research Part E. 46: 546–561.
  • Cullinane, K., Ji, P. ve Wang, T.F. (2005). “The Relationship between Privatization and DEA Estimates of Efficiency in the Container Port Industry”. Journal of Economics and Business. 57: 433–462.
  • Çağlar, V. (2012). Türk Limanlarının Etkinlik ve Verimlilik Analizi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Yayınları, İzmir.
  • Güner, S. (2015). “Investigating infrastructure, superstructure, operating and financial efficiency in the management of Turkish seaports using data envelopment analysis”. Transport Policy. 40: 36-4.
  • Güner, S., Coşkun, E. ve Taşkın, K. (2014). “Liman Özelleştirmelerinin Operasyonel Etkinlik Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türk Limanları Üzerinde Dönemsel Bir Çalışma”. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi. 43: 218-236.
  • Güner, S. ve Coşkun, E. (2014). “An Examination of Land and Equipment Efficiency of Ports”. 12th International Logistics and Supply Chain Congress, Bildiriler Kitabı, s. 559-565, İstanbul.
  • Güner, S. ve Coşkun, E. (2013). “Efficiency Measurement of Passenger Ports with Data Envelopment Analysis and Utilizing Malmquist Productivity Index”. 11th International Conference on Data Envelopment Analysis, Bildiriler Kitabı, s. 147-153, Samsun.
  • Güner, S., Taşkın, K. ve Coşkun, E. (2012). “Evaluating the Operational Efficiencies of Turkish Passenger Ports with Data Envelopment Analysis”. 10th International Logistics & Supply Chain Management Congress, Bildiriler Kitabı, s. 406-412, İstanbul.
  • Hung, S.W., Lu, W.M. ve Wang, T.P. (2010). “Benchmarking the Operating Efficiency of Asia Container Ports”, European Journal of Operational Research. 203: 706–713.
  • Kao, C. ve Hwang, S.N. (2008). “Efficiency Decomposition in Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis: An Application to Non-Life Insurance Companies in Taiwan”. European Journal of Operational Research. 185, 418–429.
  • Karlaftis, M.G., ve Tsamboulas, D. (2012). “Efficiency Measurement in Public Transport: Are Findings Specification Sensitive?”. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 46: 392-402
  • Panayides, P.M., Lambertides, N. ve Savva, C.S. (2011). “The Relative Efficiency of Shipping Companies”. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review. 47, 681–694.
  • Roll, Y. ve Hayuth, Y. (1993). “Port Performance Comparison Applying Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)”, Maritime Policy & Management. 20(2): 153-161.
  • Seiford, L.M. ve Zhu, J. (1999). “Profitability and Marketability of the Top 55 U.S. Commercial Banks”. Management Science. 45(9), 1270-1288.
  • Shan, J., Yu, M. ve Lee, C.Y. (2014). “An Empirical Investigation of the Seaport’s Economic Impact: Evidence from Major Ports in China”. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review. 69: 41–53
  • Tongzon, J. (2001). “Efficiency Measurement of Selected Australian and Other International Ports Using Data Envelopment Analysis”. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 35: 107-122.
  • Tongzon, J. (1995). “Determinants of Port Performance and Efficiency”. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 29(3): 245-252
  • Wanke, P.F. (2013). “Physical infrastructure and shipment consolidation efficiency drivers in Brazilian ports: A two-stage network-DEA approach”. Transport Policy. 29: 145–153
  • Wu, Y.C.J. ve Goh, M. (2010). “Container Port Efficiency in Emerging and More Advanced Markets”, Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review. 46: 1030–1042.
  • Yun, L., Ji, C., Li, Q. ve Li, D. (2011). “Comprehensive efficiency measurement of port logistics: study based on DEA two-stage relative evaluation”. Journal of System and Management Sciences. 1(4): 1-18.

Liman Etkinliği Ölçümünde İki Aşamalı Bir Model Önerisi ve Türk Limanları Üzerinde Bir Uygulama

Year 2015, Volume 3, Issue 2, 2015, 99 - 106, 30.12.2015
https://doi.org/10.17093/aj.2015.3.2.5000142149

Abstract

Liman işletim sürecinde, çeşitli altyapı ve üstyapı girdilerini kullanarak yük elleçlemek ve limana gelen gemilere hizmet vermek, elleçlenen bu yüklerden ve hizmet verilen gemilerden de gelir elde etmek amaçlanır. Dolayısıyla, liman işletim sürecinde karşımıza birbirini takip eden iki aşamalı bir süreç çıkmaktadır. Bu süreçte birinci aşamanın çıktıları, ikinci aşamanın girdilerini oluşturmaktadır. Liman yönetimi, birinci aşamada kullanılan kaynaklar ile en yüksek seviyede yük elleçlemeyi ve en fazla sayıda gemiye hizmet vermeyi, ikinci aşamada ise elleçlenen bu yüklerden ve hizmet verilen gemilerden maksimum seviyede gelir elde etmeyi amaçlar. Liman etkinliğinin ölçülmesinde en sık kullanılan yöntem olan Veri Zarflama Analizi (VZA), tek bir sürecin etkinliğini ölçmek için tasarlanmıştır. Birbirini takip eden bir sürecin etkinliğini ölçmek için ise VZA temelli çeşitli iki aşamalı etkinlik ölçüm teknikleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu araştırmada, liman etkinliklerinin ölçümünde kullanılabilecek iki aşamalı bir VZA modeli önerilmiş ve Türk limanları üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar, birbirini takip eden süreçler söz konusu olduğunda, iki aşamalı modelin liman performansını tek aşamalı VZA’ya göre daha doğru bir şekilde değerlendirdiğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada önerilen iki aşamalı VZA modelinin hem literatüre hem de uygulamaya katkı yapması beklenmektedir. 

References

  • Ateş, A. ve Esmer, S. (2014). “Farklı Yöntemler ile Türk Konteyner Limanlarının Verimliliği”. Verimlilik Dergisi, 2014/1: 61-76.
  • Ateş, A., Esmer, S., Çakır, E. ve Balcı, K. (2013), “Karadeniz Konteyner Terminallerinin Göreceli Etkinlik Analizi”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi. 5(1): 1-22.
  • Banker, R.D., Charnes, A. ve Cooper, W.W. (1984). “Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis”. Management Science. 30(9): 1078-1092
  • Barros, C.P. (2006). “A Benchmark Analysis of Italian Seaports Using Data Envelopment Analysis”. Maritime Economics & Logistics. 8: 347–365.
  • Barros, C.P. and Athanassiou, M. (2004). “Efficiency in European Seaports with DEA: Evidence from Greece and Portugal”. Maritime Economics & Logistics. 6: 122–140.
  • Bayar, S. (2005). “Veri Zarflama Analizi Kullanılarak Liman Verimliliğinin Ölçülmesi: Türk Limanlarından Bir Örnek”. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Deniz Ulaştırma İşletme Mühendisliği, İstanbul.
  • Baysal, M.E., Uygur, M. ve Toklu, B (2004). “Veri Zarflama Analizi ile TCDD Limanlarında Bir Etkinlik Ölçümü Çalışması”. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. 19(4): 437-442.
  • Bircan, K. (2014). Kruvaziyer Yolcu Taşımacılığı Kapsamında Kruvaziyer Limanların Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi: Alternatif Liman Önerisi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Aydın.
  • Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W. ve Rhodes, E. (1978). “Measuring Efficiency of Decision Making Units”, European Journal of Operational Research. 2, 429-444.
  • Chen, Y., Cook, W.D., Li, N. ve Zhu, J. (2009). “Additive efficiency decomposition in two-stage DEA”, European Journal of Operational Research. 196, 1170-1176.
  • Chen, Y ve Zhu, J. (2004). “Measuring Information Technology’s Indirect Impact on Firm Performance”. Information Technology and Management. 5, 9–22.
  • Cheon, SH, Dowall, D.E. ve Song, D.W. (2010). “Evaluating Impacts of Institutional Reforms on Port Efficiency Changes: Ownership, Corporate Structure, and Total Factor Productivity Changes of World Container Ports”. Transportation Research Part E. 46: 546–561.
  • Cullinane, K., Ji, P. ve Wang, T.F. (2005). “The Relationship between Privatization and DEA Estimates of Efficiency in the Container Port Industry”. Journal of Economics and Business. 57: 433–462.
  • Çağlar, V. (2012). Türk Limanlarının Etkinlik ve Verimlilik Analizi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Yayınları, İzmir.
  • Güner, S. (2015). “Investigating infrastructure, superstructure, operating and financial efficiency in the management of Turkish seaports using data envelopment analysis”. Transport Policy. 40: 36-4.
  • Güner, S., Coşkun, E. ve Taşkın, K. (2014). “Liman Özelleştirmelerinin Operasyonel Etkinlik Üzerindeki Etkisi: Türk Limanları Üzerinde Dönemsel Bir Çalışma”. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi. 43: 218-236.
  • Güner, S. ve Coşkun, E. (2014). “An Examination of Land and Equipment Efficiency of Ports”. 12th International Logistics and Supply Chain Congress, Bildiriler Kitabı, s. 559-565, İstanbul.
  • Güner, S. ve Coşkun, E. (2013). “Efficiency Measurement of Passenger Ports with Data Envelopment Analysis and Utilizing Malmquist Productivity Index”. 11th International Conference on Data Envelopment Analysis, Bildiriler Kitabı, s. 147-153, Samsun.
  • Güner, S., Taşkın, K. ve Coşkun, E. (2012). “Evaluating the Operational Efficiencies of Turkish Passenger Ports with Data Envelopment Analysis”. 10th International Logistics & Supply Chain Management Congress, Bildiriler Kitabı, s. 406-412, İstanbul.
  • Hung, S.W., Lu, W.M. ve Wang, T.P. (2010). “Benchmarking the Operating Efficiency of Asia Container Ports”, European Journal of Operational Research. 203: 706–713.
  • Kao, C. ve Hwang, S.N. (2008). “Efficiency Decomposition in Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis: An Application to Non-Life Insurance Companies in Taiwan”. European Journal of Operational Research. 185, 418–429.
  • Karlaftis, M.G., ve Tsamboulas, D. (2012). “Efficiency Measurement in Public Transport: Are Findings Specification Sensitive?”. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 46: 392-402
  • Panayides, P.M., Lambertides, N. ve Savva, C.S. (2011). “The Relative Efficiency of Shipping Companies”. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review. 47, 681–694.
  • Roll, Y. ve Hayuth, Y. (1993). “Port Performance Comparison Applying Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)”, Maritime Policy & Management. 20(2): 153-161.
  • Seiford, L.M. ve Zhu, J. (1999). “Profitability and Marketability of the Top 55 U.S. Commercial Banks”. Management Science. 45(9), 1270-1288.
  • Shan, J., Yu, M. ve Lee, C.Y. (2014). “An Empirical Investigation of the Seaport’s Economic Impact: Evidence from Major Ports in China”. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review. 69: 41–53
  • Tongzon, J. (2001). “Efficiency Measurement of Selected Australian and Other International Ports Using Data Envelopment Analysis”. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 35: 107-122.
  • Tongzon, J. (1995). “Determinants of Port Performance and Efficiency”. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 29(3): 245-252
  • Wanke, P.F. (2013). “Physical infrastructure and shipment consolidation efficiency drivers in Brazilian ports: A two-stage network-DEA approach”. Transport Policy. 29: 145–153
  • Wu, Y.C.J. ve Goh, M. (2010). “Container Port Efficiency in Emerging and More Advanced Markets”, Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review. 46: 1030–1042.
  • Yun, L., Ji, C., Li, Q. ve Li, D. (2011). “Comprehensive efficiency measurement of port logistics: study based on DEA two-stage relative evaluation”. Journal of System and Management Sciences. 1(4): 1-18.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Samet Güner

Publication Date December 30, 2015
Submission Date September 9, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume 3, Issue 2, 2015

Cite

APA Güner, S. (2015). Proposal of a Two-Stage Model For Measuring The Port Efficiency And An Implication On Turkish Ports. Alphanumeric Journal, 3(2), 99-106. https://doi.org/10.17093/aj.2015.3.2.5000142149

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