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University Students’ Levels of Well-Being, Social Media Usage, Self-Control, and Insomnia in Turkey

Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 268 - 286, 30.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.1142221

Abstract

This study aims to examine the relationship students’ social media use, insomnia, and self-control have with their psychological well-being. A total of 404 students (305 females, 99 males) participated in the research. The data have been collected using the Turkish versions of the Social Media Disorder Scale, Psychological Well-Being Scale, Brief Self-Control Scale, and Insomnia Severity Index. Relationships between variables were examined by Path Analysis. According to the results, the created model shows self-control to significantly and directly increase psychological well-being, social media disorder to increase insomnia, and insomnia to decrease self-control. Social media disorder and insomnia significantly and indirectly predict psychological well-being through the mediation of self-control. The findings show psychological well-being to be affected by self-control, social media disorder, and insomnia. Promoting self-control as well as reducing insomnia and problematic social media use can help improve university students’ psychological well-being.

References

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  • Boysan, M., Güleç, M., Besiroglu, L., & Kalafat, T. (2010). Uykusuzluk Siddeti Indeksi'nin Türk örneklemindeki psikometrik özellikleri. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 11(3), 248.
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Year 2023, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 268 - 286, 30.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.1142221

Abstract

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. American Psychiatric Association
  • Barber, L. K., & Munz, D. C. (2011). Consistent‐sufficient sleep predicts improvements in self‐regulatory performance and psychological strain. Stress and Health, 27(4), 314-324. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1364
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173.
  • Barnes, C. M., Miller, J. A., & Bostock, S. (2017). Helping employees sleep well: Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia on work outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(1), 104–113. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000154
  • Barnes, C. M., Schaubroeck, J., Huth, M., & Ghumman, S. (2011). Lack of sleep and unethical conduct. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 115(2), 169-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.01.009
  • Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Ciarocco, N. J., & Twenge, J. M. (2005). Social exclusion impairs self-regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(4), 589–604. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.4.589
  • Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., & Tice, D. M. (2007). The strength model of self-control. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(6), 351-355. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8721.2007.00534.x
  • Bessière, K., Pressman, S., Kiesler, S., & Kraut, R. (2010). Effects of internet use on health and depression: a longitudinal study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 12(1), e1149. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1149
  • Bowlin, S. L., & Baer, R. A. (2012). Relationships between mindfulness, self-control, and psychological functioning. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(3), 411-415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.10.050
  • Boysan, M., Güleç, M., Besiroglu, L., & Kalafat, T. (2010). Uykusuzluk Siddeti Indeksi'nin Türk örneklemindeki psikometrik özellikleri. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 11(3), 248.
  • Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848.
  • Brunborg, G. S., Mentzoni, R. A., Molde, H., Myrseth, H., Skouverøe, K. J. M., Bjorvatn, B., & Pallesen, S. (2011). The relationship between media use in the bedroom, sleep habits and symptoms of insomnia. Journal of Sleep Research, 20(4), 569-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2011.00913.x
  • Bucak, H. N. (2021). Üniversite öğrencilerinin iyilik halleri ile öz kontrol ve temel ihtiyaçların doyumu arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Unpublished master's thesis]. İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü.
  • Can, S. Y. (2020). Adölesanlarda sosyal medya kullanımının depresyon ve yalnızlığa etkisi (Master's thesis, İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
  • Christian, M. S., & Ellis, A. P. (2011). Examining the effects of sleep deprivation on workplace deviance: A self-regulatory perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 54(5), 913-934. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0179
  • Collier, J. E. (2020). Applied structural equation modeling using AMOS: Basic to advanced techniques. Routledge.
  • Cunnington, D., Junge, M. F., & Fernando, A. T. (2013). Insomnia: prevalence, consequences and effective treatment. Medical Journal of Australia, 199, S36-S40. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja13.10718
  • Demirer, İ., & Erol, S. (2020). The relationships between university students’ physical activity levels, insomnia and psychological well-being. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 11(3), 201-211. https://dx.doi.org/10.14744/phd.2020.46547
  • Duyan, V., Gülden, Ç. & Gelbal, S. (2012). Öz-Denetim Ölçeği- ÖDÖ: Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışması. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 23 (1), 19-30. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tsh/issue/48532/615966
  • Echeburúa, E., & de Corral, P. (2010). Addiction to new technologies and to online social networking in young people: A new challenge. Adicciones, 22(2), 91-95. Spanish. PMID: 20549142
  • Ekşi, H., Turgut, T. & Sevim, E. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinde öz kontrol ve sosyal medya bağımlılığı ilişkisinde genel erteleme davranışlarının aracı rolü. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 6, 717−745. http://dx.doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2019.6.3.0069
  • Elhai, J. D., Dvorak, R. D., Levine, J. C., & Hall, B. J. (2017). Problematic smartphone use: A conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology. Journal of Affective Disorders, 207, 251-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.030
  • Feller, M., Snel, M., Moutzouri, E., Bauer, D. C., de Montmollin, M., Aujesky, D., ... & Dekkers, O. M. (2018). Association of thyroid hormone therapy with quality of life and thyroid-related symptoms in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Jama, 320(13), 1349-1359. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.13770
  • Firat, M. (2017). Relationship between Self-Control and Facebook Use: Case of CEIT Students. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 17(4), 1179-1201. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2017.4.0194
  • Finkenauer, C., Engels, R. C. M. E., & Baumeister, R. F. (2005). Parenting behavior and adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: The role of self-control. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29(1), 58-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650250444000333 George, D., & Mallery, M. (2009). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference 17.0 update (15. ed.). Routledge.
  • Griffiths, M.D., & Szabo A. (2014). Is excessive online usage a function of medium or activity? An empirical pilot study. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3(1), 74-77. https://doi.org/10.1556/jba.2.2013.016
  • Griffiths, M.D. (2013a) Social networking addiction: Emerging themes and ıssues. Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy, 4(5), e118. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000e118
  • Griffiths, M. D. (2013b). Is “loss of control” always a consequence of addiction? Frontiers in Psychiatry, 4, 1-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00036
  • Hamilton, N. A., Nelson, C. A., Stevens, N., & Kitzman, H. (2007). Sleep and psychological well-being. Social Indicators Research, 82(1), 147-163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-006-9030-1
  • Hofmann, W., Friese, M., & Strack, F. (2009). Impulse and self-control from a dual-systems perspective. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(2), 162-176. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1745-6924.2009.01116.x
  • Jiang, X. L., Zheng, X. Y., Yang, J., Ye, C. P., Chen, Y. Y., Zhang, Z. G., & Xiao, Z. J. (2015). A systematic review of studies on the prevalence of insomnia in university students. Public Health, 129(12), 1579-1584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2015.07.030
  • Kaşıkcı, F., Denli, Ö. S., & Karaman, N. G. (2021). Gençlerde sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve sosyal dışlanma: Öz-Kontrolün aracılık rolünün değerlendirilmesi. Başkent University Journal of Education, 8(1), 147-159.
  • Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications.
  • Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J., Lee, D. S., Lin, N., & Ybarra, O. (2013). Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well‐being in young adults. PLoS ONE, 8(8), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069841
  • Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M.D. (2011) Online social networking and addiction—A Review of the psychological literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(9), 3528-3552. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8093528
  • Lemola, S., Perkinson-Gloor, N., Brand, S., Dewald-Kaufmann, J. F., & Grob, A. (2015). Adolescents’ electronic media use at night, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms in the smartphone age. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44(2), 405-418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-014-0176-x
  • Macaskill, A. (2013). The mental health of university students in the United Kingdom. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 41(4), 426-441. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2012.743110
  • Nadorff, M. R., Nazem, S., & Fiske, A. (2011). Insomnia symptoms, nightmares, and suicidal ideation in a college student sample. Sleep, 34(1), 93-98. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/34.1.93
  • Nathan, N., & Zeitzer, J. (2013). A survey study of the association between mobile phone use and daytime sleepiness in California high school students. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-840
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There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Studies on Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Figen Kasapoğlu 0000-0002-4070-960X

Publication Date April 30, 2023
Submission Date July 7, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 16 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kasapoğlu, F. (2023). University Students’ Levels of Well-Being, Social Media Usage, Self-Control, and Insomnia in Turkey. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 16(2), 268-286. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.1142221